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"Osteopontin merupakan salah satu sitokin yang banyak dihubungkan dengan proses resorpsi tulang, namun perannya di dalam proses penyembuhan periodontal masih didapatkan hasil yang berbeda-beda sedangkan Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α)merupakan sitokin pro-inflamasi yang berperandalam inflamasi kronis dan proses resorpsi tulang. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perbedaan tingkat ekspresi Osteopontin dan TNF-αpada pasien periodontitis sebelum terapi dengan setelah terapi skeling dan penghalusan akar (diukur setelah 7 hari, 14 hari, dan 28 hari). Tingkat ekspresi Osteopontin dan TNF-αdalam cairan krevikuler gingiva (CKG)dari 28 subjek penderita periodontitis berusia ≥ 30 tahun dan dari 8 subjek sehat diukur dengan menggunakan qPCR. Dilakukan juga uji korelasi Spearmanantara tingkat ekspresi Osteopontin dan TNF-αdalam CKG dengan pemeriksaan klinis berupa modified gingival index (MGI).Uji Wilcoxontingkat ekspresi Osteopontin dan TNF-αdalam CKG pada pasien periodontitis sebelum dan setelah 28 hari terapi skeling dan penghalusan akar menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna (p < 0,05). Uji korelasi Spearmanmenunjukkan korelasi positif lemah antara tingkat ekspresi OPNdengan skor MGI(r=0,213;p<0,05) dan antara tingkatekspresi TNF-αdengan skor MGI(r=0,256;p<0,05). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan tingkat ekspresi Osteopontin dan TNF-αpada subjekperiodontitis antara sebelum terapi dengan 28 hari setelahterapi skeling dan penghalusan akar gigi. Adakorelasi positif antara tingkat ekspresi OPNdengan MGIdan tingkat ekspresi TNF-αdengan MGI.

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Osteopontin is one of many cytokines that is often associated with bone resorption process, but the role in the periodontal healing is still not clear accordingto some studies presenting different results, while Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) is a well-known pro-inflammatory cytokine which stimulates bone resorption. The objective of this study was to analyze different Osteopontin and TNF-α expression level on patients with periodontitis before (baseline) and 7 days, 14 days, 28 days following scaling and root planing. Osteopontin and TNF-α level on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from 28 subjects with periodontitis aged ≥ 30years old and 8 healthy patients (control subjects)were measured by qPCR. Spearman correlation test between GCF Osteopontin and TNF-α level and modified gingival index (MGI) was also done. Wilcoxon test between Osteopontin and TNF-α level before scaling and root planing and 28 days after scaling and root planing showed a significant difference (p < 0.05). Spearman correlation test between TNF-α level on GCF and MGI showed a positive correlation (r=0.256; p<0.05). Conclusions of this study was a significant difference of OPN and TNF-αexpression level between baseline and 28 days after scaling and root planing in periodontitis subjects and a positive correlation between GCF OPN level and MGI and also between TNF-α expression level and MGI."

"ABSTRAKDalam beberapa tahun terakhir, kasus Parkinson rsquo;s disease telah bertambah banyak, dengan teori patologis yang turut berkembang. Salah satu teori patologis yang paling dikenal adalah teori inflamasi yang melibatkan aktivasi mikroglia dan ekspresi sitokin proinflamatori. Studi sebelumnya telah mengkonfirmasi efek andrografolida terhadap karakter anti-inflamatorinya. Sangatlah penting untuk mendapatkan pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang efek andrografolida dalam berbagai dosis sebagai agen neuroprotektif pada model Parkinson yang disebabkan oleh MPTP. 5 jenis perlakuan diberlakukan terhadap 5 kelompok tikus C57bl/6. Perlakuan yang dimaksud adalah 1 kontrol normal, 2 positif MPTP, 3 positif MPTP dan selegiline, 4 positif andrografolida pada dosis 5 mg/kgbb, dan 5 positif andrografolida pada dosis 50 mg/kgbb. Analisis imunohistokimia digunakan untuk menentukan level TNF?. Analisa statistik menghasilkan perbedaan level TNF? yang tidak signifikan antara kelompok andrografolida dan kelompok kontrol. level TNF? adalah 10.0000 3.50999 pada kelompok normal, 8.3600 2.89275 pada kelompok selegilin, 12.8000 7.78203 pada kelompok MPTP, 5.4000 2.43311 pada kelompok andrografolida 50 mg/kgbb, dan 5.8000 1.61864 pada kelompok andrografolida 5 mg/kgbb . Hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada pengurangan TNF? yang signifikan setelah diberikan andrografolida pada dosis 5 dan 50 mg/kgbb pada model Parkinson yang telat diberikan MPTP. Maka tidak disimpulkan adanya efek neuroprotektif dari andrografolida.

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ABSTRACTParkinson rsquo s disease has overgrown cases in the last few years, with emerging pathological theories have also been developing. One of the most acknowledged pathological theories is the neuroinflammation theory involving microglial activation and proinflammatory cytokines expression. Previous studies have confirmed andrographolide effect on anti inflammatory characteristics. It is important to acquire better understanding on the effect of andrographolide as a neuroprotective agent in MPTP induced Parkinsonism model in several dose. 5 types of treatment were enacted on 5 groups of C57bl 6 mice. Treatments include 1 normal control, 2 MPTP treated, 3 MPTP and selegiline treated, 4 Andrographolide treated at 5 mg kgbw, and 5 Andrographolide treated at 50 mg kgbw. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to determine TNF level. Statistical analysis result showed no significant differences of TNF level between the groups treated with andrographolide and the control groups. TNF level was 10.0000 3.50999 for normal group, 8.3600 2.89275 for selegiline treated group, 12.8000 7.78203 for MPTP treated group, 5.4000 2.43311 for andrographolide treated group at 50mg kgbw, and 5.8000 1.61864 for andrographolide treated group at 5 mg kgbw . This study suggests that there is no significant reduction of TNF level after treated with andrographolide at doses of 5 and 50 mg kgbw in MPTP treated Parkinsonism model, thus showing no neuroprotective effect of andrographolide. "

"ABSTRAKPajanan particulate matter 2.5 kepada manusia dapat menyebabkan terjadinya inflamasi akut dan kronik hingga menimbulkan terjadinya perubahan sel yang abnormal. Inflamasi terjadi akibat adanya respon tubuh terhadap dengan melepaskan Tumor Necrosis Factor ? Alpha sebagai protein stimulus inflamasi di dalam tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan dengan kadar di Pusat Pengujian Kendaraan Bermotor (PKB) Ujung Menteng dan Pulogadung, penelitian ini juga menganalisis status merokok, kategori obesitas, dan umur pada pekerja, dengan menggunakan Uji ? T independen (T ? test). Sampel penelitian sejumlah 42 pekerja di PKB Ujung Menteng dan Pulogadung sebagai kelompok terpajan dan 27 pekerja Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Indonesia (FKM UI) sebagai kelompok kontrol. Analisis nilai kadar dalam darah dilakukan di laboratorium dengan teknik quantitative sandwich enzyme immune assay / ELISA dengan Human / TNFSF1A HS (R&D Systems). Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode analitik kuantitatif dengan membandingkan nilai kadar pada variabel kelompok terpajan dengan kelompok kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pajanan berhubungan dengan nilai kadar dalam darah karakteristik pekerja yang merokok dan obesitas tidak berhubungan nilai kadar dalam darah Selain itu, hubungan umur dengan nilai kadar berhubungan sangat lemah Pajanan pada pekerja secara kronis menimbulkan inflamasi kronik dengan menghasilkan dalam darah melalui proses oxidative stress di dalam tubuh hingga menimbulkan gangguan pada sistem pernapasan dan sistem kardiovaskuler di dalam tubuh.

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ABSTRAKThe exposure of particulate matter 2.5 (PM25) to human can provoke the occurrence of acute and chronic inflammatory that can potentially lead to abnormal cell change. Inflammation occurs due to body response to PM25 by discharging Tumor Necrosis Factor ? Alpha ) as protein inflammatory stimulus inside the body. This research aims to analyze the correlation between PM2.5 exposure concentration with level at Pengujian Kendaraan Bermotor (PKB) center Ujung Menteng and Pulogadung, also to analyze smoking status, obese category, and age of workers, by using independent T ? Test. Research samples of 42 workers at PKB Ujung Menteng and Pulogadung as exposed group and 27 workers of Faculty of Public Health Universitas Indonesia (FKM UI) as control group. Analysis of level in the blood is conducted at laboratory with quantitative sandwich enzyme immune assay / ELISA technique with Human / TNFSF1A HS (R&D Systems). This research is performed with quantitative analytical method by comparing level score on exposed group variable and control group variable. The research result showed that exposure correlated with level score in the blood characteristics on workers who smoke and obese are not correlated with level score in the blood. Other than that, the correlation between workers? age and level score is proven weak exposure on workers chronically inflicts chronic inflammatory by producing in the blood through oxidative stress process in the body causing disruption of respiratory and cardiovascular system in the body."

"Cedera otak pada perdarahan intraserebral spontan (PIS) terdiri dari cedera primer kerusakan struktural karena proses mekanis dan cedera sekunder akibat respons patofisiologis subklinis mencakup inflamasi, stress oksidatif dan sitotoksik terhadap komponen serta produk degradasi darah. Proses subklinis PIS yang sedang berlangsung tersebut masih belum terpantau secara lengkap, sehingga penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengidentifikasi perjalanan proses subklinis cedera otak sekunder perdarahan intraserebral spontan dan pengaruhnya terhadap perubahan luaran respons klinis kasus (LRK) PIS pasca-intervensi bedah saraf. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain observasional prospektif, mulai Agustus 2016-April 2018 terhadap 20 subjek yang baru pertama kali mengalami perdarahan intraserebral spontan yang disertai perdarahan intraventricular dan menjalani intervensi bedah saraf external ventricular drainage (EVD). Data tercatat mencakup skor Full Outline of UnResponsiveness (SF), TIK, dan kadar hari ke-1 dan hari ke-7 Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNFα), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) dan zat besi dalam LSS. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Ttak berpasangan atau uji Mann-Whitney. Data skala kategorik diuji dengan Chisquare atau Fisher's exact test, dan untuk data kategorik berpasangan dengan uji McNemar.TIK pasca-intervensi semua subjek menurun secara gradual menjadi normal dan ada lima subjek yang tidak mengalami perbaikan LRK SF hari 1-7. Semua subjek kelompok 'tanpa perbaikan' mempunyai kadar TNFα LSS hari ke-1 tinggi, sebaliknya yang kadarnya normal mengalami perbaikan LRK (P=0,003). Selisih nilai peningkatan TNFα hari 1-7 juga lebih besar bermakna pada yang 'tanpa perbaikan' (P=0,005). Kadar SOD LSS hari ke-1 dan perubahannya tidak terbukti berbeda bermakna antara kedua kelompok. Pengamatan klinis memperlihatkan 80% subjek 'perbaikan', mempunyai kadar zat besi LSS hari ke-1 normal dalam status saturasi transferin < 50%. Semua subjek yang mempunyai kadar zat besi hari ke-1 tinggi dalam status saturasi transferin ≥ 50% mengalami LRK 'tanpa perbaikan'. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna dari selisih peningkatan status saturasi transferin antara kedua kelompok subjek. (P=0,05). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa subjek PIS dengan kadar TNFα LSS hari ke-1 tinggi dan/atau zat besi LSS tinggi dalam status saturasi transferin ≥ 50%, mempunyai LRK 'tanpa perbaikan'. Semakin besar peningkatan kadar TNFα LSS pada hari ke-7 dan/atau kadar zat besi yang disertai peningkatan saturasi transferrin, mempunyai LRK 'tanpa perbaikan'. Kadar SOD hari ke-1 dan perubahan kadar hari 1-7 belum dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai penanda prognosis dan proses subklinis PIS.

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Brain injury of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage caused by primary injury of structural damage due to mechanical processes and secondary injuries resulting from subclinical pathophysiological responses of inflammation, oxidative stress and cytotoxicity to components and blood degradation products including iron. The subclinical pathophysiology processes still cannot be monitored explicitly. This study is aimed at identifying the course of ICH subclinical secondary brain injury process and finding its relations with the days 1-7 trend of clinical response outcomes after neurosurgical intervention. This study is a prospective observational designed study done from August 2016 until April 2018. Twenty subjects were diagnosed as spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage and underwent neurosurgical intervention external ventricular drainage (EVD). Recorded data consist of everyday Full Outline of UnResponsiveness (FOUR) score, intracranial pressure, and cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNFα), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), iron and transferrin saturation at day-1 and day-7. Bivariate analysis performed with unpaired T-test or Mann-Whitney test. Unpaired categorical scale data tested by Chi-square or Fisher's exact test, and McNemar test for paired categorical data.All 'unimproved' subjects had high levels of day-1 CSF TNFα, whereas all subjects with normal TNFα have clinical improvement response (P=0.003). Subsequently those subjects had significantly greater increasing levels (P=0.005). No significant difference of CSF SOD between of 'unimproved' and 'improved' group. Clinical observation clearly showed that 80% of 'improved' subjects have normal day-1 iron levels in controlled by transferrin saturation < 50%. There will be no improvement of those high iron levels with transferrin saturation ≥ 50%. A significant difference results were also noted of increasing transferrin saturation status (P=0,05). This study concluded that SICH with high level of day-1 CSF TNFα and/or high CSF iron with transferrin saturation ≥ 50%, would have an 'unimproved' trend of clinical response outcome. Greater increasing level of those biomarkers in days 1-7, tend to have an unimproved outcome. CSF SOD could not to be use as a significant clinical prognostic and process biomarker."

"Latar Belakang: Hilangnya mikroorganisme komensal yang menjadi building block dari maturasi sistem imun dapat menyebabkan ketidakseimbangan sitokin proinflamasi dan antiinflamasi. Disregulasi dari sistem imun memiliki implikasi pada predisposisi penyakit. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara status permukiman sebagai proksi dari pajanan mikroorganisme dengan keseimbangan sitokin proinflamasi dan antiinflamasi. Metode: Penelitian dengan desain studi potong lintang analitik ini menggunakan data sekunder dari disertasi berjudul “Regulasi Respons Imun Subyek di Permukiman Kumuh: Studi Imunitas Seluler pada Kultur Sel Darah yang Distimulasi Malaria, Vaksin BCG, dan LDL” di mana sampel kelompok kumuh diambil dari masyarakat yang bermukim di sekitar TPST Bantar Gebang (n=10), sedangkan sampel kelompok nonkumuh diambil dari mahasiswa Universitas YARSI (n=8). Pada penelitian tersebut sampel darah kelompok kumuh dan nonkumuh dikultur dengan metode PBMC dan distimulasi dengan LPS. Kadar TNF-alfa dan IL-10 diukur menggunakan luminex assay pada kondisi basal, pascastimulasi, dan kedua data tersebut dibandingkan menjadi suatu nilai rasio stimulasi:basal yang menggambarkan besarnya peningkatan produksi setelah terpajan stimulus dari keadaan basal. Hasil: Pada keadaan basal, kadar TNF-alfa lebih tinggi pada kelompok kumuh, namun tidak bermakna secara statistik (p=0,202). Kadar IL-10 pada keadaan basal lebih tinggi pada kelompok nonkumuh, namun juga tidak bermakna (p=0,108). Kadar TNF-alfa pascastimulasi LPS dan dalam bentuk rasio stimulasi:basal lebih tinggi secara bermakna pada kelompok kumuh (masing-masing p=0,000 dan p=0,005), sementara kadar IL-10 pascastimulasi LPS maupun dalam bentuk rasio stimulasi:basal lebih tinggi pada kelompok kumuh, namun tidak bermakna secara statistik (masing-masing p=0,893 dan p=0,423). Korelasi antara kadar TNF-alfa dan IL-10 sangat kuat dan signifikan pada kelompok kumuh (r=0,881, p=0,000), sementara korelasi yang lebih lemah da tidak signifikan diamati pada kelompok nonkumuh (r=0,611, p=0,054). Kesimpulan: Penduduk permukiman kumuh memiliki potensi produksi sitokin proinflamasi TNF-alfa yang lebih besar, namun potensi tersebut diimbangi dengan produksi sitokin antiinflamasi IL-10 secara seimbang. Hal ini tidak diamati pada penduduk permukiman nonkumuh.

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Introduction: Reduced exposure to commensal microorganisms—one of the building blocks/inputs needed for immune system maturation—can lead to aberation on the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine. This kind of immune dysregulation has an implication on disease predisposition. Objective: To determine the association between residential status—a proxy for microorganism exposure—and the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production. Method: This is an analytic cross-sectional study and secondary data was obtained from a parent study titled "Regulation of Immune Response to People Living in The Slum Area: A Study of Cellular Immunity on Whole Blood Cultures Stimulated Malaria, BCG, and LDL". Subjects for the rural group were sampled from Bantar Gebang landfill (n=10) while subjects for the urban group were sampled from YARSI University students (n=8). Blood sampled from the subjects was cultured using PBMC method and stimulated using Lipopolysaccharide. The measurement for the concentration of TNF-alpha and IL-10 was undertaken using luminex assay in basal and after stimulation condition. Both data were then made into a ratio (stimulated:basal) that represents the amount of cytokine production increment from basal. Result: At the basal condition, TNF-alpha concentration was higher in rural group, but the association was not significant (p=0,202). Meanwhile, IL-10 concentration at the basal condition was higher in urban group, but the association was not significant as well (p=0,108). The concentration of TNF-alpha after stimulation and the stimulated:basal ratio were significantly higher for rural group (p=0,000 and p=0,005, respectively), while the concentration of IL-10 after stimulation and the stimulated:basal ratio were higher for rural group, but the mean differences were statistically insignificant (p=0,893 dan p=0,423, respectively). Correlation between the concentration of TNF-alpha and IL-10 was very strong and statistically significant for rural group (r=0,881, p=0,000), while a weaker insignificant correlation was observed for urban group (r=0,611, p=0,054). Conclusion: Rural population have a greater potential to produce pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha but this potential was followed and balanced by the production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. This relationship was not observed in the urban population.

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"Obstructive: jaundice represents the most common complication of biliary tract Malignancy. Obstructive jaundice causes releases of proinflammatory cytokine. There has been controversy about effect of biliary drainage on the change in proinflammatory cytokine level in pancreatobiliary cancer patients. The present study was designed to determine levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alfa) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in preprocedure of either endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreatography (ERCP) or percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) and postprocedure of them in obstructive jaundice patient caused by pancreatobiliary cancer.Method: The study method was before-and-after case study design with consecutive sampling. Blood was collected five days prior to either endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreatography (ERCP) procedure or percutaneus transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) procedure and five days after either of them. Enzyme linked immunosorbed assay (ELISA) was used to determine TNF-alfa and IL-6.Results: Forty subjects were included in this study which consisted of 22 men and 18 women. The age was 55.3 (SD 13.7) years old. According to the results of imaging and endoscopy procedure, twenty-two people were diagnosed cholangicarcinoma, ten people were diagnosed ampulla vateri and eigth people were diagnosed pancreatic tumor. In preprocedure, the TNF-alfa concentration was 4.81 (SD 2.91) pg/mL, the IL-6 concentration was 7.79 (SD 1.57) pg/mL and the bilirubin concentration was 15.5 (SD 6,9) mg%. In postprocedure, the TNF-alfa concentration was 8.05 (SD 6.7) pg/mL, there was a significant increase in TNF-alfa concentration (p = 0.02). However, IL-6 concentration was 7.75 (SD 1.76) pg/mL, there was not any significant chance in IL-6 concentration (p = 0.52). The bilirubin concentration was 11.3 (SD 6,5) mg%.Conclusion: There was a significant increase in mean concentration value of TNF-alfa after biliary drainage procedure. On the other hand there was not any significant decrease in the mean concentration value of IL-6 after biliary drainage procedure"