Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Urban planning refers to the process of development of the land and infrastructure of a place. It also includes development of transportation, distribution networks, communications, public welfare, and urban design, etc. It integrates the elements of civil engineering and urban architecture to help in the growth and development of the cities. This book includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various topics related to urban planning. The aim of the book is to present researches that have transformed this discipline and aided its advancement. It is a vital tool for all researching and studying this field. -- from publisher's website."

"This paper introduces a classification of coastal dune system into two main morphodynamic classes, namely retentive and transgressive dune systems. Retentive system include coastal dune types where sand accumulation within vegetation is dominant over other processes. In the category we include such morphological types as hummock dunes, foredunes, and retention ridges, including sub-environments such as preciptation ridges that form the landward boundary of transgressive dunefields. Transgressive system include those coastal dune types where sand transport is dominant over other processes, and the dunes are unvegetated and mobile. In this cateory we include such morphological types as parabolic dunes, reversing transverse dunes, barchans, seif dunes, transgressive sheet dunefields and headland-bypass dunefields. "

""Peter Hall's seminal Cities of Tomorrow remains an unrivalled account of the history of planning in theory and practice, as well as of the social and economic problems and opportunities that gave rise to it. Now comprehensively revised, the fourth edition offers a perceptive, critical, and global history of urban planning and design throughout the twentieth-century and beyond. A revised and updated edition of this classic text from one of the most notable figures in the field of urban planning and design Offers an incisive, insightful, and unrivalled critical history of planning in theory and practice, as well as of the underlying socio-economic challenges and opportunities Comprehensively revised to take account of abundant new research published over the last decade Reviews the development of the modern planning movement over the entire span of the twentieth-century and beyond Draws on global examples throughout, and weaves the author's own fascinating experiences into the text to illustrate this authoritative story of urban growth."--Back cover."

"Planning represents a striking controversy in American political life. On one side, planning is maligned while on the other side it is praised. The opponents of planning, or any state intervention, base their rationale on the doctrine of laissez faire. It is argued that the function of the state should be reduced to the lowest minimum consistent with public safety. The role of the state should not be more than that of a modest policeman and should not interfere in the operation of economic processes. Advocates argue that planning is both pragmatic inevitable if citizens are to enjoy -a better and more equitable standard of living.

Despite basic disagreement between the advocates of planning and the defender of laissez-faire, the way as planning has been practiced for about two centuries, it is difficult to determine whether the exercise of planning in the United States restrains or actually perpetuates the existing economic system. As a matter of fact, the degree of disagreement is manifest in the inconsistency of proponents of doctrine of laissez-faire. For example, middle-class businessmen and entrepreneurs often are prepared to see the government step in and prevent profiteering landlords from making what they could from their property (Burns, et al, 1980: 759).

Englishmen Jeremy Bentham, an author in his? The Principles of Moral and Legislation, profoundly elaborated this notion 1789:

To suppose that a stable and beneficent society could emerge unassisted from a company of self-interested ego was...to suppose the impossible. Society, if it was to function properly, needed an organizing principle that would both acknowledge humanity's basic selfishness and at the same time compel people to sacrifice at least a portion of their own interests for the good of the majority ...that every institution, every law, must be measured according to its social usefulness." (Burns, et al, 1980: 759)

Within this context, the haphazard condition of the physical and social order in American cities in the late nineteenth of the century helped to shape the planning movement. The emergence of city planning amidst the social reformers suggests that the government's efforts to control through the planning were due to the inability of the laissez-faire system to adjust or alter the distribution of goods and services. When modern cities emerged at the end of the century, they encountered many unprecedented and severe problems such as residential congestion in the central cities, racial and class conflicts in the central city's ghettos, the eruption of labor violence, shortages and gaps in the city's new infrastructure, and the fact that the capitalistic system was plagued by economic instability. The concerns became more deep-seated as they became harmful the development of American democracy's value. In the context of urban life, the citizens also needed more civic centers to serve as focal points for the growth of a sense of community.

The crisis in America urban structure could best be understood by tracing the historical evolution of American cities during the development of capital accumulation. From the colonial era (1600s) through 1850, merchant capitalists developed their capital through commercial accumulation. Market place played the most important role where they tried to earn profits-. Colonial cities served their political economic functions, that is colonial control centers and commercial centers as well. Commodities being supplied from producers in hinterland to dispersed markets were collected in and distributed through seaports. Artisans who were the producers of luxury goods conducted their business in cities as the cities facilitated direct access to their wealthy customers.

To maintain that British merchants remained able to control the monopoly over commercial activity, the crown limited the functions of colonial cities. Because of this control the city growth was itself constrained."

"[Perencanaan yang dilakukan pada suatu kota memiliki tujuan tertentu, baik itu pengembangan maupun pelestarian. Kyoto merupakan kota di Jepang yang memiliki sejarah panjang sebagai ibukota Jepang kuno sehingga banyak terdapat peninggalan bersejarah yang harus dilestarikan. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan gambaran mengenai pelestarian budaya yang dilakukan di Kyoto dalam pengembangan tata kotanya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif analisis. Pengembangan tata ruang Kota Kyoto yang dilakukan olehpemerintah kota memang memiliki tujuan untuk melestarikan benda bersejarah yang ada di kotanya dan juga terus mengembangkan kotanya mengikuti zaman. Hal tersebut dapat terlihat dari pembagian zona dalam penataan kota tersebut.

---

Every city’s urban planning are designed to fulfill its own purpose, whether it is for the development of the city or for preservation. As the capital city of ancient Japan, Kyoto is one of the cities in Japan that has a long and rich hisory, making the preservation of the cultural heritage in the city a necessity. This research is expected to give an overview of the preservation efforts in Kyoto through its urban planning. The method that is used in this research is descriptive analysis. The development of the urban planning in Kyoto is indeed not only to preserve the cultural heritage and traditional

buildings in the city while continuiting to adopt to modernity. It can be seen from the zoning system in the city.;Every city’s urban planning are designed to fulfill its own purpose, whether it is for the development of the city or for preservation. As the capital city of ancient Japan, Kyoto is one of the cities in Japan that has a long and rich hisory, making the preservation of the cultural heritage in the city a necessity. This research is expected to give an overview of the preservation efforts in Kyoto through its urban planning. The method that is used in this research is descriptive analysis. The development of the urban planning in Kyoto is indeed not only to preserve the cultural heritage and traditional

buildings in the city while continuiting to adopt to modernity. It can be seen from the zoning system in the city.;Every city’s urban planning are designed to fulfill its own purpose, whether it is for the

development of the city or for preservation. As the capital city of ancient Japan, Kyoto

is one of the cities in Japan that has a long and rich hisory, making the preservation of

the cultural heritage in the city a necessity. This research is expected to give an

overview of the preservation efforts in Kyoto through its urban planning. The method

that is used in this research is descriptive analysis. The development of the urban

planning in Kyoto is indeed not only to preserve the cultural heritage and traditional

buildings in the city while continuiting to adopt to modernity. It can be seen from the

zoning system in the city., Every city’s urban planning are designed to fulfill its own purpose, whether it is for the

development of the city or for preservation. As the capital city of ancient Japan, Kyoto

is one of the cities in Japan that has a long and rich hisory, making the preservation of

the cultural heritage in the city a necessity. This research is expected to give an

overview of the preservation efforts in Kyoto through its urban planning. The method

that is used in this research is descriptive analysis. The development of the urban

planning in Kyoto is indeed not only to preserve the cultural heritage and traditional

buildings in the city while continuiting to adopt to modernity. It can be seen from the

zoning system in the city.]"