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"Virtualization is a term that refers to the abstraction of computer resources on single computer controlled by Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM). Virtualization concept has to sideways, namely platform virtualization and application virtualization. This activity can be used for server consolidation, disaster recovery, validation, and new server testing. This technology can increase the utilization and flexsibility from physical resources to function as multiple logical operating system and application."

"Pada saat ini dunia sedang mengalami krisis energi dan sebanyak 2% dari total emisi karbon dunia berasal dari sektor teknologi informasi dan komunikasi. Untuk dapat mengurangi krisis energi maka diperlukan perilaku ramah lingkungan dengan salah satunya yakni melakukan virtualisasi. Dengan virtualisasi, user dapat menjalankan lebih dari satu sistem operasi di atas satu komputer. Untuk membuktikan apakah virtualisasi dapat menjadi solusi yang tepat dalam mendukung efisiensi energi, maka dilakukan pengujian dengan menggunakan SUSE Linux Enterprise Server sebagai sistem operasi host dan menjalankan sistem operasi guest di atasnya. Virtualisasi dilakukan dalam dua pendekatan yang berbeda yakni full virtualization dan paravirtualization dengan Virtual Box dan Xen sebagai virtual machine. Dari hasil pengukuran didapatkan hasil bahwa resource yang dibutuhkan dalam menjalankan virtualisasi cukup bervariasi. Paravirtualization lebih hemat dari segi memory usage, sedangkan full virtualization lebih hemat dari segi CPU usage. Dari segi performance, diketahui bahwa teknologi virtualisasi full virtualization dapat menjalankan sistem operasi guest yang lebih banyak dibandingkan paravirtualization. Konsumsi energi paravirtualization lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan full virtualization dan tentunya berpengaruh kepada emisi karbon yang dihasilkan. Penggunaan virtualisasi dalam penelitian ini telah terbukti sebagai salah satu solusi untuk mendukung efisiensi energi dan penurunan emisi karbon.

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Recently, the world is encountering an energy crisis and as much as 2% of total global carbon emissions come from information and communication technology sector. In order to reduce the energy crisis, environmentally friendly behavior is required for instance, by using virtualization. By virtualization, users can operate multiple operating systems over one computer. In order to prove whether virtualization can be the solution for the reduction of energy consumption, so that a test carried out by utilizing SUSE Linux Enterprise Server as the host operating system and then run a guest operating system. The virtualization is implemented by two different approaches namely full virtualization and paravirtualization with Virtual Box and Xen as virtual machines.

The results which obtained from the measurement indicate that resources which needed to carry out the virtualization are various. Paravirtualization is proven more efficient in terms of memory usage while full virtualization is more efficient in terms of CPU usage. In terms of performance, full virtualization can run more guest operating systems than paravirtualization. Energy consumption in paravirtualization is higher than full virtualization and this data certainly affects the carbon emissions. The use of virtualization in this research has proven to be one solution to support energy efficiency and reduced carbon emissions."

"Diprediksi pertumbuhan trafik data mobile dunia pada tahun 2024 akan mencapai 136 exabyte (EB) dimana 95% diantaranya diprediksi berasal dari perangkat smartphone. Trend trafik data ini bertumbuh dengan compound annual growth rate (CAGR) sebesar 31%. IoT pun diprediksi akan tumbuh tiga kali lipat antara tahun 2017 sampai 2025 yang mencapai 25 milyar koneksi. Dengan prediksi pertumbuhan trafik dan subscriber (baik manusia maupun mesin) yang sedemikian tinggi, maka penting bagi operator untuk mempunyai jaringan yang handal agar dapat memberikan pelayanan terbaik kepada pelanggan. Jaringan seluler yang dimiliki oleh operator harus dapat memiliki arsitektur yang fleksibel dan kapasitas jaringannya dapat diatur agar dapat menyesuaikan dengan kebutuhan trafik. NFV menjanjikan jaringan yang lebih fleksibel agar operator dapat meningkatkan kapabilitas dan layanan jaringan operator kepada pelanggan, serta kemampuan untuk mengimplementasikan jaringan baru dan memberikan layanan baru lebih cepat dan lebih murah sehingga dapat mewujudkan tingkat agility layanan yang lebih baik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa NFV layak untuk diimplementasikan  pada jaringan Telkomsel. Berdasarkan analisis kelayakan investasi dan analisis biaya-manfaat, implementasi peningkatan kapasitas jaringan NFV layak untuk diimplementasikan di Jabotabek, Jawa Timur, Kalimantan dan Sulawesi. Teknologi NFV dapat dipilih karena memiliki nilai NPV, IRR dan B/C lebih besar dibandingkan dengan teknologi konvensional. Jika dijadikan prioritas, maka Regional Jabotabek dan Jawa Timur dapat dijadikan prioritas karena memiliki nilai NFV dan IRR yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan Kalimantan dan Sulawesi.

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It is predicted that mobile data traffic growth will reach 136 exabytes (EB) in 2024, of which 95% are predicted from smartphone devices. The trend is growing with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 31%. IoT is also predicted to grow three times between 2017 and 2025 which reaches 25 billion connections. By the growth of traffic and subscribers (both human and machine) that are so high, it is important for operators to have a reliable network to provide the best service to customers. Celluler networks owned by operators must be able to have a flexible architecture and scalable network capacity that be able to adapt to traffic requirements. NFV promises a more flexible network so that operators can improve the capabilities and services of network, as well as the ability to implement new service and provide new services faster and cheaper so they can achieve a better level of service agility. The results of this study indicate that NFV is feasible to be implemented on Telkomsel networks. Based on investment feasibility analysis and cost-benefit analysis, the implementation of increasing NFV capacity is feasible to be implemented in Jabotabek, East Java, Kalimantan and Sulawesi. NFV technology is chosen because it has an NPV value, IRR and B C is greater than conventional technology. If it is made a priority, the Jabotabek and East Java regions can be prioritized because have a higher NFV value and IRR compared to Kalimantan and Sulawesi."

"Virtualisasi platform adalah pembuatan sistem komputer yang secara logis terpisah dan berjalan di atas platform sesungguhnya. Saat ini ada beberapa pendekatan yang digunakan untuk melakukan virtualisasi platform, dan masingmasing memiliki karakteristik kinerja yang berbeda- beda. Dalam penelitian ini, eksperimen dilakukan untuk mengkaji perbedaan kinerja yang dihasilkan oleh beberapa pendekatan, yaitu: full virtualization, hardware-assisted virtualization, paravirtualization, dan operating system-level virtualization. Eksperimen dilakukan dengan mengukur kinerja masing-masing pendekatan dengan beban kerja tertentu saat dijalankan dengan menggunakan virtualisasi dan saat virtualisasi tidak digunakan. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa operating system-level virtualization lebih efisien dalam hal penggunaan sumber daya komputer dibanding pendekatan lainnya. Ini menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan virtualisasi seharusnya ikut menjadi pertimbangan dalam memilih solusi virtualisasi.

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Platform virtualization is the creation of a logically partitioned computing system that runs on top of an actual platform. There are several approaches used for platform virtualization, each of which has performance characteristics. In this research, experiments was conducted to find out the performance difference generated by several approaches, they are: full virtualization, hardwareassisted virtualization, paravirtualization, and operating system-level virtualization. Their performance under specific workload were measured and compared to the condition where virtualization was not used. Experiment results show that operating system-level virtualization is more efficient in term of computer resource usage than the others. Therefore, virtualization approach should be considered in selecting virtualization solutions."

"ABSTRAKIndustri telekomunikasi saat ini sedang mengalami penurunan. Laba usaha tertekan oleh penurunan pendapatan sedangkan sejumlah komponen biaya mengalami peningkatan. Berbagai cara dapat dilakukan untuk menekan beban biaya modal dan operasional. Misalnya saja dengan mengimplementasikan wireless network virtualization untuk memaksimalkan pemanfaatan infrastruktur yang telah ada. Skenario yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menyajikan sebuah pemodelan sistem yang menggambarkan interaksi antar operator-operator telekomunikasi seluler yang menerapkan distributed dynamic spectrum sharing dalam sebuah jaringan radio kognitif dengan menggunakan data-data faktual berupa parameter-parameter teknis yang diterapkan pada jaringan LTE milik PT. XYZ di wilayah Bali, Indonesia. Dari hasil perhitungan berdasarkan pemodelan sistem yang telah dibuat, diketahui bahwa parameter arrival rate yaitu waktu kedatangan frame packet data dan probabilitas menduduki spektrum frekuensi merupakan dua faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap pencapain throughput masing-masing user. Maximum throughput per user yang mungkin tercapai oleh primary user adalah sebesar 20 Mbps ketika arrival rate primary user 0,27 dan probability primary user sebesar 0,6 atau 0,5. Sedangkan maximum troughput secondary user 1 dan 2 yang mungkin tercapai adalah 16,56 Mbps dan 15,75 Mbps pada saat arrival rate masing-masing user tersebut sebesar 0,22 dan 0,21 dan probabilitas menduduki spektrum frekuensi bagi masing-masing secondary user sebesar 0,35. Parameter-parameter ini sangat erat kaitannya dengan parameter-parameter QoS Quality of Service pada jaringan mobile data, yaitu latency delay dan jitter serta parameter capacity design yaitu admission control yang menentukan maximum connected user per cell pada jaringan LTE.

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ABSTRACTTelecommunication industry is currently experiencing a declined in growth. The companies rsquo net profit is pressed down by the decreasing in total income, while cost components have increased. Various ways can be done to lower the capital and operational costs. For example, by implementing wireless network virtualization to maximize the utilization of existing infrastructure. In this research, scenario analysis of the implementation of wireless network virtualization using techno economic analysis. The scenario used in this research presents a modeling system that describes the interaction between mobile telecommunication operators applying distributed dynamic spectrum sharing in a cognitive radio network using factual data in the form of technical parameters applied to the LTE network owned by PT. XYZ in Bali, Indonesia. From the calculation results based on system model, it is known that the arrival rate parameter , that is the arrival time of the frame packet data and the probability of occupying the spectrum frequency are two factors that influence the achievement of each user throughput. Maximum throughput per user that may be reached by the primary user is 20 Mbps when the arrival rate of primary user is 0,27 and the probability of primary user is 0,6 or 0,5. While the maximum troughput of secondary users 1 and 2 that may be achieved is 16,56 Mbps and 15,75 Mbps at the arrival rate of each user is 0,22 and 0,21 and the probability of occupying the spectrum frequency for each secondary user is 0.35. These parameters are closely related to QoS Quality of Service parameters in mobile data networks, i.e. latency delay and jitter, and the capacity design parameters are admission control which determines maximum connected user per cell on LTE network."

"ABSTRAKGreen Networks adalah konsep tentang perancangan jaringan komputer yang hemat energi, hemat resources, dan hemat biaya. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah penerapan konsep Green Networks ke dalam infrastruktur nyata. Infrastruktur ini nanti akan diimplementasikan di area laboratorium Mercator FTUI. Pertama, pada penelitian ini akan dibahas mengenai rancangan suatu infrastruktur jaringan komputer dimana infrastruktur tersebut sebisa mungkin dirancang agar memenuhi tiga aspek utama dalam konsep Green Networks. Infrastruktur tersebut nantinya akan banyak berhubungan dengan konsep virtualisasi. Virtualisasi yang akan diterapkan adalah virtualisasi desktop dan virtualisasi hardware. Infrastruktur tersebut juga dirancang menggunakan sistem operasi Linux Ubuntu. Dari pengukuran tersebut didapatkan nilai total penghematan konsumsi daya pada infrastruktur dibanding pada infrastruktur konvensional selama 5 tahun adalah sebesar 5819.95 kWh dan presentasenya adalah sebesar 81.1% (termasuk presentase penghematan biaya), total presentase penghematan biaya pembuatan dan perawatan infrastruktur dibanding infrastruktur konvensional selama 5 tahun adalah sebesar 59.90%, total presentase penghematan biaya pembuatan infrastruktur dan biaya konsumsi daya listrik infrastruktur berbasis dibanding infrastruktur konvensional selama 5 tahun adalah sebesar 61.17 %.

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ABSTRACTGreen Networks is a concept about computer network design which is energy efficient, resources efficient, and cost efficient. The main purpose of this research is implementating the Green Networks concept into a real infrastructure. This infrastructure will be implemented in Mercator FTUI laboratorium area. First, this research discuss about the design of computer network infrastructure where the infrastructure designed to meet three main aspects in the Green Networks concept. The infrastructure will be focused with the virtualization concept. Virtualizations which will be implemented is desktop virtualization and hardware virtualization. The infrastructure is also desgined using Ubuntu Linux operating system. After the building processes, the infrastructure will be tested. From the testing process the total value of power consumption saving on the infrastructure compared to conventional infrastructure during five years is 5819.95 kWh and the percentage is 81.1% (including the percentage of cost savings). From the testing process the total value of power consumption savings on the infrastructure compared to conventional infrastructure during five years is 5819.95 kWh and the percentage is 81.1% (including the percentage of cost savings), the total percentage of cost savings of development and maintenance of infrastructure compared to conventional infrastructure during five years is 59.90%, and the total percentage of cost savings of development, maintenance, power consumption savings of infrastructure compared to conventional infrastructure during five years is 61.17%. "

"ABSTRAKA specialized database and a software tool for graphical and numerical presentation of maritime measurement results has been designed and implemented as part of the research conducted under the netBaltic project Internet over the Baltic Sea the implementation of a multi system, self organizing broadband communications network over the sea for enhancing navigation safety through the development of enavigation services. The developed softwareallows tracing graphs of radio connections between shore stations and vessels offshore units, based on historical data including the traffic of ships and their specific parameters collected on the Baltic Sea during the last four years. It also enables preparation of data for network simulation experiments using AIS Automatic Identification of Ships and GPS Global Positioning System loggers installed on shore stations and vessels, taking into account a number of input parameters, such as: time range, coast station selection, ship flags based on MMSI numbers and types and ranges of possible communication technologies used WiFi, WiMax, Radwin, LTE, etc. The created tool has a multi layer architecture that utilizes the MariaDB SQL database, the Apache2 WEB server, and a number of PHP applications. The runtime environment has been built on Linux Debian version 8 and the HP C7000 cluster of the 16 CPU x86 64 architecture. The modularity of the application allows parallel processing and, therefore, optimization of the computing cluster. The database contains more than 70 million records which enables simulation of various topologies with multi hop transmissions and network operations depending on the transmission techniques being used. The database is fully scalable, and allows easy adding of further datacollected during subsequent measurement sessions. Additionally, the use of virtualization toolsfacilitates the future migration to more efficient processing environments, in case of a significantincrease in the volume of data. The data recorded in the database allows calculation of statistics for the surveyed networks, and determining the incidence of potential network nodes e.g. by flag complete with their available communication techniques information which is important in determining structures of possible multi hop networks and their performance. The software finds routes for datagrams according to accepted criteria and exports results to a network traffic simulator, and as such is an important part of the framework used for planning next measurement campaigns and determining which communications equipment would be more suitable for vessels."