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"Penelitian ini merupakan upaya untuk memprediksi hasil akhir dari ukuran butir pada paduan A356 aluminium dalam proses pendinginan. Analisa termal dilakukan utamanya menggunakan curva pendinginan, dengan bantuan software buatan sendiri yang mengandalkan media pemrograman yakni MATLAB/MathWorks dalam pengerjaannya. Selain itu, pengolahan data eksperimen empiris melalui metode statistika juga dilakukan untuk dapat memformulasikan rumus untuk melakukan prediksi ukuran butir usai dilakukan pendinginan, agar mendekati perhitungan asli. Software yang telah selesai dibuat digunakan untuk memproses hasil perekaman dari data logger dan thermocouple, sehingga menjadi sajian visual agar memudahkan proses Analisa. Perhitungan parameter dan prediksi ukuran butir dibuat sedemikian rupa agar pengerjaannya otomatis di dalam software, sehingga pengguna hanya perlu melakukan interpretasi. Dalam kasus ini, parameter yang dipakai adalah KF16, lereng grafik dari Al, tf, serta laju pendinginan keseluruhan. Meskipun pada akhirnya, tf adalah yang paling efektif untuk dijadikan parameter.......This research is an attempt to predict the final result of grain size in A356 aluminum alloy in the cooling process. Thermal analysis is carried out mainly using a cooling curve, with the help of homemade software that relies on media programming, namely MATLAB/MathWorks in its execution. In addition, empirical experimental data processing is also carried out to be able to formulate a formula for predicting grain size after cooling, so that it is close to the original calculation. The software that has been completed is used to process the production results from the data logger and thermocouple, so that it is visual to facilitate the analysis process. The calculation parameters and grain size predictions are made in such a way that the processing is automated in the software, so that users only need to interpret. In this case, the parameters used are KF16, the slope of Al, tf, and the total cooling rate. Although in the end, tf is the most effective for parameterization."

"[ABSTRAKKomposit nano Al A356 berpenguat partikel Al2O 3 berpotensi untuk meningkatkan kekuatan sifat mekanis tanpa mengorbankan keuletan pada matriks. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan variasi penambahan fraksi volume dari partikel nano Al2O 3 sebesar yaitu 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1%, dan 1,2%. Untuk meningkatkan kemampubasahan dari Al2O 3 pada Al A356 ditambahakn Mg sebesar 10%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komposit Al A356/Al2O 3 dengan 0.5% Vf memiliki sifat mekanis yang lebih baik daripada yang lain. Nilai kekuatan tariknya mencapai 140,3 MPa lalu elongasinya sebesar 9,563% dan kekerasannya mencapai 46,2 HRB. Akan tetapi nilai mekanis dari kekuatan tarik masih dibawah dari Al A356 As cast maupun Al 356. Fenomena ini disebabkan karena adanya porositas dan persebaran partikel nano yang tidak merata.ABSTRACTAluminium A356 nano composite reinforced with Al2O 3 particle have a potential to increase mechanical properties while maintaining good ductility. In this study, the addition %Vt variation of Al2O 3. Variation used is 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1%, dan 1,2%. To improve wettability of Al2O 3 in Al A356 addes 10% Mg. The results showed that the composite Al A356 / SiC 0,5% Vf have better mechanical properties than others. The ultimate tensile strength reach 140.3 MPa with 9.56% elongation. Hardness value reach 46,2.1 HRB. However, the value of ultimate tensile strength is still below the mechanical Al A356 As cast and Al 356. This phenomenon is due to the porosity and bad particle dispersion.;Aluminium A356 nano composite reinforced with Al2O 3 particle have a potential to increase mechanical properties while maintaining good ductility. In this study, the addition %Vt variation of Al2O 3. Variation used is 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1%, dan 1,2%. To improve wettability of Al2O 3 in Al A356 addes 10% Mg. The results showed that the composite Al A356 / SiC 0,5% Vf have better mechanical properties than others. The ultimate tensile strength reach 140.3 MPa with 9.56% elongation. Hardness value reach 46,2.1 HRB. However, the value of ultimate tensile strength is still below the mechanical Al A356 As cast and Al 356. This phenomenon is due to the porosity and bad particle dispersion.;Aluminium A356 nano composite reinforced with Al2O 3 particle have a potential to increase mechanical properties while maintaining good ductility. In this study, the addition %Vt variation of Al2O 3. Variation used is 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1%, dan 1,2%. To improve wettability of Al2O 3 in Al A356 addes 10% Mg. The results showed that the composite Al A356 / SiC 0,5% Vf have better mechanical properties than others. The ultimate tensile strength reach 140.3 MPa with 9.56% elongation. Hardness value reach 46,2.1 HRB. However, the value of ultimate tensile strength is still below the mechanical Al A356 As cast and Al 356. This phenomenon is due to the porosity and bad particle dispersion., Aluminium A356 nano composite reinforced with Al2O 3 particle have a potential to increase mechanical properties while maintaining good ductility. In this study, the addition %Vt variation of Al2O 3. Variation used is 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1%, dan 1,2%. To improve wettability of Al2O 3 in Al A356 addes 10% Mg. The results showed that the composite Al A356 / SiC 0,5% Vf have better mechanical properties than others. The ultimate tensile strength reach 140.3 MPa with 9.56% elongation. Hardness value reach 46,2.1 HRB. However, the value of ultimate tensile strength is still below the mechanical Al A356 As cast and Al 356. This phenomenon is due to the porosity and bad particle dispersion.]"

" ABSTRAK Berkembangnya kereta api sebagai moda transportasi massal yang murah dan cepat bukan berarti tidak meninggalkan masalah. Salah satu masalah yakni pada sistem pengereman yang kurang efektif dan efisien. Saat ini, blok rem kereta api menggunakan material besi tuang yang memiliki berat 11-12 kg dan umur pemakaian hanya mencapai satu bulan sehingga menyebabkan biaya operasional tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan membuat material alternatif blok rem kereta api berupa komposit Aluminium A356 berpenguat mikro Al2O3 dengan penambahan variasi penghalus butir TiB sebesar 0; 0,01; 0,0347; 0,0362; 0,0622; dan 0,0689 wt dengan penambahan 2 wt magnesium sebagai agen pembasahan menggunakan metode pengecoran aduk. Karakterisasi hasil pengecoran menggunakan pengujian tarik, keras, aus, impak, densitas, porositas, komposisi kimia OES dan XRD , mikrostruktur OM, SEM, dan EDX . Hasil pengujian menunjukkan penambahan TiB sebesar 0,0347 wt mampu mereduksi ukuran dan mengubah bentuk SDAS dari panjang dan kasar menjadi bulat dan halus sehingga meningkatkan kekuatan tarik, kekerasan, dan ketahanan aus secara signifikan, namun menurunkan elongasi dan harga impak.

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ABSTRACT The development of train as a mode of mass transportation which are cheap and quick does not mean with no problem. One of the problems is the braking system is less effective and efficient. Nowadays, brake blocks train using cast iron material that weight up to 11 12 kg and life time only reached one month which causing high operating costs. This study aims to create an alternative material for brake blocks train in the form of Aluminium A356 reinforced micro Al2O3 composite material with the addition of grain refiner TiB of 0 0.01 0.0347 0.0362 0.0622 and 0.0689 wt with the addition of 2 wt magnesium as a wetting agent using stir casting method. Material characterization consisted of tensile testing, hardness testing, wear testing, impact testing, density and porosity testing, chemical composition testing OES and XRD , and microstructure testing OM, SEM and EDX . The test results showed that the addition of 0.0347 wt TiB capable of reducing the size and changing the shape of a long and coarse SDAS become round and fine that increasing tensile strength, hardness, and wear resistance significantly, but decreasing elongation and impact strength."