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"Pendahuluan: Penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas pada pasien PGK (penyakit ginjal kronik) yang menjalani HD(hemodialisis) kronik adalah penyakit kardiovaskuler. Faktor utama penyebab kejadian kardiovaskuler pada pasien PGK yang menjalani HD adalah hipertensi. Diagnosis hipertensi pada pasien PGK yang menjalani HD tidaklah mudah. Hal ini dikarenakan adanya efek retensi cairan, office hypertension, dan proses ultrafiltrasi setelah HD. Baku emas diagnosis hipertensi pada pasien HD adalah pemeriksaan tekanan darah interdialitik dengan menggunakan alat ABPM (ambulatory blood pressure monitoring). Namun alat ini memiliki banyak kendala dalam pemeriksaannya. Studisebelumnyayang meneliti tekanan darah pre dan post dialisis dibandingkan dengan tekanan darah ABPM memberikan hasil yang masih kontroversial. Tujuan: Mengetahuikorelasi dan nilai diagnostik rerata tekanan darah pre dan post hemodialisis dengan baku emas tekanan darah interdialisis yang diukur dengan metode ABPM. Metode: Dilakukanstudidiagnostik dan uji korelasi dengan desain penelitian potong lintangpadatiga puluh lima pasien dewasa dengan penyakit ginjal kronik yang menjalani hemodialisis kronik. Pasien yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian dilakukan pengukuran ABPM selama 24 jam dan tekanan darah saat pre dan post dialisis. Hasil: Uji korelasi Pearson menunjukkan korelasi rerata TD sistolik pre-post dialisis dan sistolik ABPM sebesar r = 0,669 dan p = 0,000 dengan AUC sebesar 84,4 % (95% IK, 71,5 % - 97,3%) dengan p = 0,001 serta nilai sensitivitas 82,14%, spesifisitas 71.43%, nilai duga positif 92%, dan nilai duga negatif 50%. Uji korelasi Pearson mendapatkan korelasi antara rerata TD diastolik pre-post dialisis dan diastolik ABPM sebesar r = 0,359 dan p = 0,034 dengan AUC sebesar 67,6 % (95% IK, 49,3 % - 86,0%) dengan p = 0,075 serta nilai sensitivitas 82,14%, spesifisitas 85,71%, nilai duga positif 95,83%, dan nilai duga negatif 54,55%. Simpulan: Rerata tekanan darah sistolik pre-post hemodialisis dapat digunakan untuk diagnosis hipertensi pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronik yang menjalani hemodialisis kronik.

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Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause ofmorbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients. Hypertension is the single most important factor for the development of cardiovascular complications. Diagnosing hypertension in hemodyalisis patients is not easy, because of fluid retention effect, office hypertension, and ultrafiltration after hemodyalisis session. Gold standard for diagnosing hypertension in hemodialysis patient is interdialytic blood pressure measurment with ABPM. Nevetheless this method have many difficulties to perform. Previous research which studied correlation between pre and post dialysis blood pressure and ABPM showed controversial result.

Objective: To determine the correlation and diagnostic value of mean pre-post hemodialysis blood pressurewith ABPM metohd as gold standard.

Method: A diagnostic study with cross sectional design was conducted in thirty five adult patients with chronic hemodialysis. Patients whofulfilled inclusion criteria were recruited for measuring their blood pressure using 24 hours ABPM and also pre - post dialysis BP.

Result: Pearson's correlation test showed that the correlation between pre-post hemodyalisis mean systolic blood pressure and ABPM systolic was 0.669 with p = 0.000 and AUC of 84.4 % (95%CI, 71.5 % - 97.3%) with p = 0.001, and also sensitivity 82.14%, spesificity 71.43%, positive predicitive value 92%, and negatif predictive value 50%. Pearson's correlation test also showed correlation between pre-post hemodyalisis mean blood pressure diastolic was 0.359 with p = 0.034 and AUC of 67.6 % (95%CI, 49.3 % - 86.0%) with p = 0.075 and also sensitivity 82.14%, spesificity 85.71%, positive predictive value 95.83%, and negative predictive value 54.55%.

Conclusion: Systolic mean pre-post hemodyalisis blood pressurecan be used to diagnose hypertension in chronic hemodialysis patient."

"Pola sirkadian tekanan darah (TD) adalah gambaran TD 24 jam berupa kurva TD yang meningkat pada pagi hari, menurun pada siang / sore hari dan terendah pada malam hari / waktu tidur. 24 hours Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (24 hrs ABPM) merupakan alat pengukur TD yang lebih akurat dan dapat memperlihatkan pola sirkadian TD 24 jam. Turunnya TD 10 - 20% pada malam hari disebut dipper, jika turun < 10% disebut nondipper. Meningkatnya TD 24 jam dan nondipper merupakan faktor risiko morbiditas dan mortalitas kardiovaskular. Prevalensi hipertensi dan nondipper pada Penyakit Ginjal Kronik Stadium 5 dalam Terapi Dialisis (PGK 5D) masih sangat tinggi. Faktor utama penyebab hipertensi pada PGK 5D adalah menurunnya Laju Filtrasi Glomerulus (LFG) dan meningkatnya cairan ekstraselular. Transplantasi ginjal akan memperbaiki TD dan nondipper dengan membaiknya LFG, meningkatnya produksi urin dan menurunnya cairan ekstraseluler. Namun demikian satu bulan Pasca Transplantasi Ginjal kebutuhan dosis obat imunosupresan masih cukup tinggi yang dapat mengakibatkan hambatan penurunan TD. Tujuan : Mengetahui perbedaan pola sirkadian TD, data dipper / nondipper dan rerata TD 24 jam pada pasien PGK Pra dan satu bulan Pasca Transplantasi Ginjal. Metode Penelitian : Studi Pre experimental dengan before and after design. Subjek penelitian pasien PGK 5D / Pra Transplantasi Ginjal berusia 18 ? 60 tahun, dilakukan di RSCM pada bulan Oktober sampai dengan Desember 2014. Jumlah subjek sebanyak 15 orang. Dilakukan pengumpulan urin 24 jam, pemeriksaan LFG, pengukuran TD 24 jam dengan 24 hrs ABPM, Pra dan satu bulan Pasca Transplantasi Ginjal. Analisis statistik dengan uji McNemar dan uji t dependen. Hasil : Terdapat 12 subjek nondipper dan 3 subjek dipper pada pasien PGK Pra Transplantasi Ginjal. Satu bulan Pasca Transplantasi Ginjal seluruh subjek (15 orang) memperlihatkan keadaan nondipper. Uji McNemar tidak dapat dilakukan karena seluruh subjek PGK satu bulan Pasca Transplantasi Ginjal nondipper (homogen). Terdapat penurunan rerata TD sistolik 24 jam pasien PGK satu bulan Pasca Transplantasi Ginjal yang tidak signifikan (p > 0,05) dan penurunan rerata TD diastolik 24 jam yang signifikan (p < 0,05). Simpulan : Belum terdapat perbaikan nondipper pada pasien satu bulan Pasca Transplantasi Ginjal. Terdapat penurunan rerata TD sistolik 24 jam yang tidak signifikan dan penurunan rerata TD diastolik 24 jam yang signifikan pada pasien satu bulan Pasca Transplantasi Ginjal.

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The circadian pattern of blood pressure (BP) is a 24 hours blood pressure (24hrs BP) curve which increases in the morning, decreases in the afternoon/evening and the lowest state is at night/bedtime. 24 hrs Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) is a BP measuring device that is accurate and can exhibit a circadian pattern of 24 hrs BP. The fall of BP 10-􀀃20% at night is called as a dipper, while less than 10% is called as a nondipper. The increasing of 24 hrs BP and nondipper are the risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of hypertension and nondipper in Chronic Kidney Disease stage 5 on Dialysis (CKD 5D) are still very high. The main factors causing hypertension in CKD 5D are decreased Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) and increased extracellular fluid. Kidney transplantation will improve BP and nondipper by GFR improvement, increases urine production and decreases extracellular fluid. However, one month after kidney transplantation, the dose of immunosuppressant drugs is relatively high, which is an obstacle to decrease BP.

Aim: To determine differences in the circadian pattern of BP, the data of dipper and nondipper, and the mean of 24 hrs BP in CKD before, and one month after kidney transplantation.

Methods: Design of the study is before and after design. Subjects of the study were patients with CKD 5D before kidney transplantation, aged 18-60 years, were conducted in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital during October to December 2014. 15 subjects were included in the study. 24 hrs urine collection, GFR, 24 hrs BP measurement with 24 hrs ABPM were recorded in all subjects, before and one month after kidney transplantation. McNemar test and t dependent test were used in statistical analysis.

Results: Before kidney transplantation, 12 of 15 subjects were nondippers while the others 3 subjects were dippers. After kidney transplantation, all subjects (15 patients) were nondippers. McNemar test can not be used because all subjects one month after kidney transplantation were nondippers (homogeneous). The decreasing of the mean of 24 hrs systolic BP was found in all CKD one month after kidney transplantation, but statistically not significant (p>0.05), while decreasing of the mean of 24 hrs diastolic BP was statistically significant (p<0.05).

Conclusion: There were still no improvement in nondipper patients one month after kidney transplantation. There were a decrease in the mean of 24 hrs systolic BP but statistically not significant and a decrease in the mean of 24 hrs diastolic BP which is statistically significant in patients one month after kidney􀀃transplantation."

"[ABSTRAK Latar Belakang : Isu yang berkembang pada donor ginjal hidup adalah penurunan fungsi ginjal dan terjadinya hipertensi setelah dilakukan nefrektomi. Satu minggu setelah nefrektomi pola tekanan darah sirkadian berubah menjadi non dipper. Selanjutnya terjadi kompensasi sehingga fungsi ginjal akan stabil dalam 12 minggu. Namun belum diketahui apakah perbaikan fungsi ginjal akan diikuti oleh pola tekanan darah sirkadian kembali menjadi dipper.Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui perubahan pola sirkadian tekanan darah donor ginjal hidup setelah 12 minggu nefrektomi unilateral.Metode Penelitian : Studi Pre-experimental dengan before and after design. Subyek sebanyak 18 orang donor ginjal hidup sehat yang berusia 18-50 tahun . Peneltian dilakukan di RSCM pada bulan Januari 2015 sampai dengan Mei 2015. Tekanan darah diukur dengan 24 jam ABPM . Pemeriksaan kreatinin darah, eLFG epi dan uACR dilakukan sebelum nefrektomi, pada 1 minggu dan 12 minggu setelah nefrektomi.Hasil :Terdapat 18 subyek yang memiliki pola dipper sebelum dilakukan nefrektomi unilateral. Tujuh belas subyek mengalami pola non dipper setelah 1 minggu nefrektomi. Pada 12 minggu setelah nefrektomi 16 diantaranya kembali menjadi pola dipper yang bermakna secara statistik (p<0.001).Simpulan : Terdapat perubahan pola sirkadian tekanan darah non dipper kembali menjadi pola dipper pada donor ginjal hidup 12 minggu setelah nefrektomi unilateral.ABSTRACT Background : The issue of post nephrectomy in living kidney donor is kidney function decrease and hypertension. One week after nephrectomy circadian pattern of blood pressure becomes non dipper. Then there will be a compensatory of renal function that becomes stable within 12 weeks after nephrectomy. However, whether the improvement of renal function is followed by the circadian pattern of blood pressure becomes dipper is still unknown.

Aims : To know the changes circadian pattern of blood pressure among living kidney donors 12 weeks after unilateral nephrectomy.

Methods : A pre-experimental study with before and after design. The subjects were 18 healthy living kidney donors aged 18 to 50 years old , conducted in RSCM hospital between January 2015 to May 2015. Blood pressure was measured by 24 hours ABPM. Serum creatinine, e-GFR epi and uACR were taken before nephrectomy, 1 week and 12 weeks after nephrectomy.

Results : There were 18 subjects had dipper pattern before unilateral nephrectomy. Seventeen of them exhibited a pattern became non dipper on one week after nephrectomy. Sixteen subjects showed the pattern returned to dipper after 12 weeks nephrectomy that statistically significant (p<0.01)

Conclusions : The circadian pattern of blood pressure returned to dipper from non dipper on living kidney donors after 12 weeks unilateral nephrectomy., Background : The issue of post nephrectomy in living kidney donor is kidney function decrease and hypertension. One week after nephrectomy circadian pattern of blood pressure becomes non dipper. Then there will be a compensatory of renal function that becomes stable within 12 weeks after nephrectomy. However, whether the improvement of renal function is followed by the circadian pattern of blood pressure becomes dipper is still unknown.

Aims : To know the changes circadian pattern of blood pressure among living kidney donors 12 weeks after unilateral nephrectomy.

Methods : A pre-experimental study with before and after design. The subjects were 18 healthy living kidney donors aged 18 to 50 years old , conducted in RSCM hospital between January 2015 to May 2015. Blood pressure was measured by 24 hours ABPM. Serum creatinine, e-GFR epi and uACR were taken before nephrectomy, 1 week and 12 weeks after nephrectomy.

Results : There were 18 subjects had dipper pattern before unilateral nephrectomy. Seventeen of them exhibited a pattern became non dipper on one week after nephrectomy. Sixteen subjects showed the pattern returned to dipper after 12 weeks nephrectomy that statistically significant (p<0.01)

Conclusions : The circadian pattern of blood pressure returned to dipper from non dipper on living kidney donors after 12 weeks unilateral nephrectomy.]"