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"Kupang is nutritious fishery product, but on the other hand it has been contaminated by Pb and Cd which has been endanering human being. Therefore, it is necessary to decrease the content of Pb and Cd in Kupang in order to be consumed. The objective of this research is to study the use of acetic acid to decrease the content of Pb and Cd as much as possible of Kupang beras (Corbula faba)...."

"ABSTRAKNyeri merupakan perasaan sensoris dan emosional yang berkaitan dengan adanya kerusakan jaringan. Propolis merupakan produk alam yang berasal dari resin tumbuhan yang dikoleksi oleh lebah madu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas daya analgesik mikroenkapsul propolis stingless bee asal Sulawesi Selatan pada mencit putih jantan (Mus Musculus). Metode yang dilakukan untuk uji aktivitas analgesik adalah metode kimia menggunakan induktor nyeri asam asetat. Hewan uji dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok dengan masing-masing perlakuan 5 ekor mencit. Kelompok I (parasetamol sebagai kontrol positif), Kelompok II (aquades sebagai kontrol negatif), Kelompok III-V mikrokapsul propolis 80 SDE 250 mg/kgBB, 500 mg/kgBB dan 1000 mg/kgBB). Respon nyeri berupa geliat diamati dengan selang waktu 5 menit selama 30 menit. Efek mikroenkapsul propolis dosis 500 mg/kgBB dan 1000 mg/kgBB memberikan perbedaan yang signifikan (P<0,05) dengan kontrol negatif. Hasil yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini memiliki khasiat sebagai analgesik dengan daya analgesik dosis I: 16,92%, dosis II: 85,07%, dan dosis III: 97,51%.

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ABSTRACT

Pain is sensory and emotional feelings associated with tissue damage. Propolis is a natural product derived from plant resins collected by honeybees. This study aims to determine the analgesic activity of mikroencapsul of propolis stingless bee from South Sulawesi on male white mice (Mus Musculus). Test animals was divided into 5 groups with each treatment of 5 mice. Group I (paracetamol as a positive control), Group II (aquades as a negative control), Group III-V microcapsules propolis 80 SDE 250 mg/kgBW, 500 mg/kgBW and 1000 mg/kgBW. Pain response was observed with an interval of 5 minutes for 30 minutes. Mikroencapsul propolis dose 500 mg/kgBW and 1000 mg/ kgBW have significant difference (P<0.05) with negative control. The results obtained in this study has efficiency as an analgesic with strength of power dose I: 16.92 %, dose II: 85.07 %, and dose III: 97.51 %.

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"CuO/TS-1 catalysts have been prepared and tested in the benzene hydroxylation. TS-1 was synthesized by hydrothermal method, while CuO/TS-1 was prepared by impregnation method using Cu(NO)2. 3H2O as precursor. Catalysts were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and N2 adsorption-desorption techniques. The catalytic activity was tested in the hydroxylation reaction of benzene. The products were analyzed using gas chromatography.

Catalyst characterization by XRD and IR techniques have showed that the catalyst structure was a MFI type of zeolite. XRD pattern have showed the orthorombic structure and indicated the presence of CuO aggregation. The results of the pyridine adsorption have found that the acidity of TS-1 and CuO/TS-1 were a Lewis acid and it?s increased with an increasing amount of CuO loading.

The results of nitrogen adsorption analysis have showed decreasing of surface areas of catalyst with increasing amount of CuO loading. The optimum conditions of benzene hydroxylation was observed by 1%CuO/TS-1 catalyst at 70 °C, reaction time 2 h and acetic acid as the solvent yielded 27.6% of phenol with phenol selectivity was 75.5%"

"Among twenty one isolates, obtained from "aren" (Aretga Rinnata) vinegar, 10 isolates were identified as acetic acid bacteria, belong to genus Acetobacter. Isolates no. 12 was used as inoculum for vinegar fermentation. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Y-17) was provided by University of Indonesia Culture Collection.Two hundred fifty grams of pineapple (Ananas comosus) peel was boiled for 1.5 hours and then filtered to obtain the extract. Aquadest was added into substrate to obtain 1 litre of extract and then added with 15% or 20% castor sugar. Substrate was sterilised at 121°C for 10 minutes.Fermentation was carried out in syrup bottle containing 540 ml substrate. Approximately 60 ml of starter containing mix-culture with diffrent ratio of 1 day old S. cer visiae (106 cfu/ml) and 5 days old Acetobacter sp. no.12 {10 cfu/ml) was inoculated into the substrate. The ratio of yeast cells to bacteria were follow: (1:1); (2:1); (3:1} or (4:1). Fermentation was set up in room temperature (3O -- 32°C for 1 month. The concentration of acetic acid was titrated with standarised NaOH.Result of this study showed that substrate with 15% sugar yielded (1.1 - 1.4)% acetic acid. The average acetic acid concentration from substrate with 20% sugar were (0.44 - 0.89%). It was concluded that substrate with 15% sugar gave higher concentration and the best ratio of starter was (1 : 1)."

"ABSTRAKThis study aims to investigate the feasibility of using a minimal glycerol medium with inorganic salt supplementation for a low-cost dihydroxyacetone (DHA) production by bacteria. Acetic acid bacterial isolates of Gluconobacter and Asaia, which are found in the Northern, North-Eastern, Middle, Western, and Southern regions of Thailand, were evaluated for their ability to produce DHA using glycerol as a carbon source. During the qualitative screening, 66 isolates, including Gluconobacter (61 isolates) and Asaia (5 isolates), from a total of 486 isolates showed highly positive results by the Fehling test. The 5 isolates of Asaia gave low DHA production in the quantitative screening, whereas Gluconobacter isolates showed DHA production at low (0-5.70 g/L), medium (5.71-11.40 g/L), and high (11.41-16.89 g/L) levels. Preliminary culture medium optimizations for G. frateurii BCC 36199, a most promising microorganism for DHA production, were also carried out using a low-cost minimal glycerol medium supplemented with an inorganic salt. G. frateurii BCC 36199 produced 18.67 g/L of DHA with ysp of 95.44% (DHA moles/glycerol moles) at 30°C, 20 g/L of glycerol, and pH 4.5. The cultivation of G. frateurii BCC 36199 in the developed minimal glycerol medium is practical and can be further optimized in order to apply for industry."

"Program ?see and treat? adalah program dengan metode IVA dan krioterapi untuk mengatasi lesi prakanker serviks di lokasi dengan keterbatasan sarana. Efektivitas dan keamanan krioterapi pada program ini belum dievaluasi dalam 5 tahun terakhir. Data dari rekam medis diambil dengan metode total sampling. Variabel yang dicatat adalah hasil IVA, tindakan krioterapi, usia pertama kawin, jumlah pernikahan, paritas, merokok, dan penggunaan kontrasepsi. Data dianalisis secara univariat. Dari 86 data yang dianalisis, persentase keberhasilan krioterapi dalam konversi hasil IVA mencapai 90,70%. Angka keluhan pasca krioterapi sebesar 1,3% yaitu perdarahan minimal. Krioterapi efektif dan aman pada program ?see and treat?. ?See and treat? was a program using VIA and cryotherapy to eliminate cervical precancerous lesion in a facility-limited location. Efficacy and safety of cryotherapy in this program had not been evaluated in the last 5 years. Data from medical record were taken with total sampling method. VIA result, cryotherapy procedure, first-marriage age, number of marriage, parity, smoking habit, and the use of contraception were assessed. Data were analyzed univariately. From 86 analyzed data, cryotherapy convert the VIA result in 90,70% patients. 1,3% patient complaint minimal bleeding. Cryotherapy was effective and safe in ?see and treat? program. "

"This study utilized an eco-friendly heterogeneous catalyst in the synthesis of ester via esterification of ethanol andacetic acid under refluxing conditions. The amount of acetic acid converted was determined by titrimetric method.Aluminum pillared material was produced from natural clay by ion exchange and calcined at 473 K. Powdered X-Raydiffraction (PXRD), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) and BET gas sorption analysis were employed to characterizethe pillared material. The result revealed that significant improvement on physicochemical characteristics of the naturalclay occurred as a result of pillaring. The results also revealed that the conversion of acetic acid was dependent on thecatalyst/feed ratio of 2:2:1. The maximum conversion of acetic acid of 95.79% was obtained at the reaction temperatureof 363 K and 150 minutes. The pillared clay material is more active in the conversion of acetic acid than the naturalbentonite clay. This study illustrated that pillared bentonite clay is an eco-friendly solid catalyst for use in theproduction of chemical precursors for several industrial products.Penggunaan Katalis Ramah Lingkungan dalam Produksi Ester. Penelitian ini memanfaatkan katalis heterogenramah lingkungan pada sintesis ester melalui esterifikasi etanol dan asam asetat dalam keadaan refluks. Jumlah asamasetat yang terkonversi ditentukan dengan metode titrimetri. Material berpilar aluminium dibuat dari tanah lempungalam melalui proses tukar kation dan dikalsinasi pada 473 K. Difraksi sinar-X untuk bubuk (PXRD), Fourier TransformInfra-Red (FT-IR) dan analisi sorpsi gas BET digunakan untuk karakterisasi material berpilar tersebut. Hasilmenunjukkan adanya penyempurnaan yang signifikian pada karakter psiko-kimia dari tanah lempung alami sebagaihasil dari pilarisasi. Hasil menunjukkan pula bahwa konversi asam asetat bergantung pada rasio katalis/umpan, sebedari2:2:1. Konversi maksimum asam asetat sebesar 95.79% diperoleh pada suhu reaksi 363 K dan 150 menit. Materialtanah lempung terpilar terlihat lebih aktif pada komversi asam asetat dibandingkan dengan tanah lempung bentonitalami. Penelitian ini member gambaran tentang bentonit terpilar sebagai katalis padat ramah lingkungan untukdigunakan dalam pembuatan prekursor bahan kimia untuk berbagai produk industri."

"Saline soil is a common problem in coastal paddy field, especially in Indonesia. Salinity affects rice growth and the activities of soil functional microbes, including functional bacteria, which play roles in plant growth. Some of these microbes are associated with rice plants and are able to survive under saline condition. The presence of functional microbes is also important to improve soil quality. Nitrogen and phosphate are essential soil nutrients and is available in soil due to the activities of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and free-living plant-associated bacteria. The objective of the present study was to obtain nitrogen-fixing, phosphate solubilizing and Indole Acetic Acid  (IAA)-producing bacteria that are able to survive and promote the growth of rice under saline conditions. From rice and peanut rhizosphere, Ca-phosphate (Ca-P) solubilizing and nitrogen-fixing bacteria were isolated separately using specific media. Then, the Ca-P solubilizing ability, phosphomonoesterase activity and IAA-producing ability were quantitatively examined. Based on the abilities, 20 strains were selected and identified as Burkholderia cepacia-complex, Burkholderia anthina, Burkholderia cenocepacia, Bacillus cereus-complex (three strains), Achromobacter spanius, Azospirillum sp. (four strains), Azotobacter sp. (three strains), Rhizobium leguminosarum, Rhizobium sp. (two strains), and Pseudomonas sp. (three strains). The inoculation of several single strains or the mixture of the selected strains promoted the growth of rice under saline conditions. These inoculants could be potential as biofertilizer in saline paddy fields."

"Latar Belakang: Kanker serviks merupakan ancaman bagi kesehatan reproduksi perempuan di Indonesia. Dengan metode skrining yang cost effective kanker serviks dapat dicegah, sehingga angka morbiditas dan mortalitas kanker serviks dapat diturunkan. Maka diperlukan metode alternatif yang lebih sederhana dan mampu laksana sebagai metode penapisan yang dapat mencakup lapisan masyarakat dengan sumber daya terbatas. Dengan prosedur skrining IVA atau VIA (Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid), diperkirakan mengurangi risiko kanker serviks seumur hidup sebesar 25%. Kekurangan IVA adalah bahwa metode ini bersifat subjektif dan interpretasi dapat bervariasi dari operator ke operator. Oleh karena itu, timbul pemikiran untuk melakukan dokumentasi IVA menggunakan kamera Smartphone yang disebut DoVIA (Documentation Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid). Bermodalkan dokumentasi IVA ini, dapat dilakukan konsultasi dan komunikasi dengan cara mengirimkan melalui aplikasi dan rangkaian kegiatan disebut TeleDoVIA (Telemedicine Documentation Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid). Tujuan: Evaluasi pemanfaatan Portal TeleDoVIA oleh tenaga medis dalam kegiatan skrining kanker serviks dengan metode IVA. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif. Dilaksanakan dalam periode Juli 2018-Januari 2019 dengan mengikut sertakan 82 orang Praktisi Medis yang mengirimkan 177 foto Dokumentasi IVA. Hasil: Praktisi Medis yang terlibat 59 orang (72 %) adalah bidan, 23 orang (28 %) adalah Dokter Umum yang bertugas di Puskesmas (92.7 %) dan Klinik Swasta (7.3%). Praktisi Medis yang berkonsultasi pada portal TeleDoVIA telah mencakup wilayah provinsi paling barat (Aceh) hingga Provinsi di Timur Indonesia (Papua Barat). Ketajaman gambar foto serviks dikatakan tajam sebesar (89.27%), hanya sebesar (10.73%) foto yang dikatakan kurang tajam. Mayoritas praktisi medis menerima jawaban dari konsultan dalam waktu >6-24 jam sebesar (44.1%). Praktisi medis yang mengaku paham sebesar (100 %) dan mengaku puas (100 %). Alasan praktisi medis melakukan konsultasi dengan alasan Konfirmasi (47.6%), Ragu (29.3%) dan Diskusi kasus (23.2%). Ketepatan diagnosis antara praktisi medis terhadap diagnosis konsultan sebesar (88.1%). Kesimpulan: Dengan Telemedicine Dovia dapat memudahkan praktisi medis mengirimkan dokumentasi IVA sebagai bahan diskusi dan konsultasi jarak jauh yang efektif.

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Background: Cervical cancer is a threat to women's health in Indonesia. With the screening method that is cost effective cervical cancer can be prevented, so that the cervical cancer morbidity and mortality can be reduced. Then an alternative method that is simpler and more feasible as a screening method that can cover a layer of people with limited resources is needed. The screening procedure with IVA or VIA (Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid) has been estimated to reduce the risk of lifetime cervical cancer by 25%. The disadvantage of IVA is that this method is subjective and interpretation can vary from operator to operator. Therefore, the idea arises to conduct documentation VIA using a Smartphone camera. This examination is called TeleDoVIA (Telemedicine of Documentation on Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid). With this VIA documentation, consultation and communication can be done by sending through applications and these activities called TeleDoVIA (Telemedicine Documentation Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid).

Objective: Evaluation review of the use of TeleDoVIA Portal by medical personel in the Screening of cervical cancer using the IVA method.

Method: This study is a descriptive study and was conducted in the period July 2018 - January 2019 by including 82 medical practitioners who sent 177 IVA Documentation photos.

Results: Medical practitioners that involved as much 59 people (72%) were midwives, 23 people (28%) were general practitioners who served in Public Health Center (92.7%) and private clinics (7.3%). The closest home town of medical practitioners is Central Jakarta (24.4%) and the furthest from Fakfak in West Papua (1.2%). The sharpness of cervical photographic images is said to be sharp at 89.27%, only by 10.73% photos that are not sharp enough. The majority of medical practitioners receive answers from consultants within >6-24 hour is 44.1%. the accuracy of diagnosis between medical practitioners and consultant diagnosis is 88.1%. Medical practitioners who claim to understand (75.6%) and claim to be satisfied (76.8%). Medical practitioners consulted the TeleDoVIA portal for reasons of confirmation (47.6%), doubtful (29.3%) and discussion of cases (23.2%).

Conclusion: With the presence of Telemedicine Dovia, it can make it easier for medical practitioners to send IVA documentation as a more effective discussion and consultation material even from remote area."

"Pada tahun 2023 cakupan pemeriksaan IVA pada Wanita usia subur di Kelurahan Cilodong masih rendah hanya mencapai 2,2%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis cakupan pemeriksaan IVA dan faktor apa saja yang berhubungan dengan pemeriksaan IVA di Kelurahan Cilodong, Depok. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner pada sampel sebanyak 130 WUS di Kelurahan Cilodong, Kota Depok, yang dipilih secara random dari 8 RW yang ada. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square dan regresi logistik ganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hanya 6,2% WUS yang melakukan pemeriksaan IVA. Penelitian ini membuktikan pendidikan dan tingkat pengetahuan berhubungan dengan pemeriksaan IVA. Faktor yang paling dominan adalah tingkat pengetahuan (POR=38,96, 95% CI= 4,23 – 358,66), WUS dengan tingkat pengetahuan tinggi berpeluang hampir 39 kali untuk melakukan pemeriksaan IVA dibandingkan dengan WUS tingkat pengetahuan rendah, setelah dikontrol oleh pendidikannya. Atas dasar tersebut maka instansi terkait perlu melakukan peningkatan pengetahuan dengan mengembangkan program edukasi kesehatan mengenai kanker leher rahim dan pemeriksaan IVA, baik untuk WUS maupun suami/keluarganya, sehingga cakupan pemeriksaan IVA meningkat

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In 2023, the coverage of visual inspection of acetic acid (VIA) examinations in women of childbearing age in Cilodong Village is still low, only reaching 2.2%. This study aims to analyze the coverage of VIA examinations and factors related to VIA examinations in Cilodong Village, Depok. This study used a cross-sectional design. Data were collected through interviews using questionnaires on a sample of 130 women of childbearing age in Cilodong Village, Depok City, who were randomly selected from 8 existing neighborhood associations. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. The results showed that only 6.2% of women of childbearing age underwent VIA examinations. This study proves that education and level of knowledge are related to VIA examinations. The most dominant factor is the level of knowledge (POR = 38.96, 95% CI = 4.23 - 358.66); women of childbearing age with a high level of knowledge are almost 39 times more likely to undergo VIA examinations compared to women of childbearing age with low levels of knowledge, after being controlled by their education. Based on these reasons, related agencies need to increase knowledge by developing health education programs regarding cervical cancer and IVA examinations, both for WUS and their husbands/families, so that the coverage of IVA examinations increases."