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Abstrak :
Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui kesenjangan gender dalam pemerataan dan perluasan akses pendidikan dilihat dari empat hal, yaitu: 1) sasaran umum pendidikan bagi perempuan, 2) akses pendidikan bagi perempuan 3) kontrol pendidikan bagi perempuan dan 4 ) manfaat pendidikan bagi perempuan.....

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Salah satu isu krusial dalam pembangunan pendidikan di Indonesia adalah kesenjangan akses pendidikan antar kabupaten/kota. Pelaksanaan desentralisasi yang bertujuan mendekatkan pelayanan publik ke masyarakat diharapkan membuat akses pendidikan tingkat kabupaten/kota menjadi lebih baik. Penelitian ini membahas pengaruh alokasi anggaran pemerintah terhadap perbaikan akses pendidikan menengah kabupaten/kota di Sulawesi Utara, diukur dengan angka partisipasi kasar (APK) dan angka partisipasi murni (APM). Analisis ekonometrika data panel 15 kabupaten/kota di Sulawesi Utara, periode 2010- 2012, menunjukkan beberapa hal. Pertama, anggaran pemerintah melalui anggaran fungsi pendidikan berpengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap peningkatan APK dan APM. Kedua, dana transfer berupa DAU hanya berpengaruh meningkatakan akses pendidikan melalui APK, tidak pada APM. Ketiga, kemandirian fiskal kabupaten/kota tidak berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan akses pendidikan menengah daerahnya. PDRB per kapita sebagai cerminan kapasitas ekonomi masyarakat menunjukkan berpengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap peningkatan APK dan APM. Namun demikian pengaruh variabelvariabel yang signifikan terhadap perbaikan akses pendidikan menengah sangat kecil. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa dampak alokasi anggaran pemerintah maupun pertumbuhan ekonomi, terhadap perbaikan akses pendidikan menengah kabupaten/kota relatif kecil.

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ABSTRACT
One of the crucial issues in the development of education in Indonesia is education access gap between kabupaten/kota. The implementation of decentralization which aims to bring the public service to the community is expected to make access to education at the kabupaten/kota for the better. This study discusses the effect of government budget allocation towards improving access secondary education kabupaten/kota in North Sulawesi, measured by the gross enrollment rate (GER) and net enrollment ratio (NER). Econometric analysis of panel data of 15 kabupaten/kota in North Sulawesi, 2010-2012 show several things. First, the government budget through the budget of the education functions show significant and positive impact on the improvement of GER and NER. Second, the transfer of funds in the form of DAU affects only increase the access to education through the GER, not to NER. Third, fiscal independency of kabupaten/kota have no effect in improving access to secondary education in those area. GDP per capita as a reflection of the economic capacity of the community showed significant and positive impact on the improvement of GER and NER. However, the variables which significantly effect the improvement of access to secondary education is very small. This shows that the impact of government budget allocation and economic growth, improved access to secondary education kabupaten/kota is relatively small.;One of the crucial issues in the development of education in Indonesia is education access gap between kabupaten/kota. The implementation of decentralization which aims to bring the public service to the community is expected to make access to education at the kabupaten/kota for the better. This study discusses the effect of government budget allocation towards improving access secondary education kabupaten/kota in North Sulawesi, measured by the gross enrollment rate (GER) and net enrollment ratio (NER). Econometric analysis of panel data of 15 kabupaten/kota in North Sulawesi, 2010-2012 show several things. First, the government budget through the budget of the education functions show significant and positive impact on the improvement of GER and NER. Second, the transfer of funds in the form of DAU affects only increase the access to education through the GER, not to NER. Third, fiscal independency of kabupaten/kota have no effect in improving access to secondary education in those area. GDP per capita as a reflection of the economic capacity of the community showed significant and positive impact on the improvement of GER and NER. However, the variables which significantly effect the improvement of access to secondary education is very small. This shows that the impact of government budget allocation and economic growth, improved access to secondary education kabupaten/kota is relatively small., One of the crucial issues in the development of education in Indonesia is education access gap between kabupaten/kota. The implementation of decentralization which aims to bring the public service to the community is expected to make access to education at the kabupaten/kota for the better. This study discusses the effect of government budget allocation towards improving access secondary education kabupaten/kota in North Sulawesi, measured by the gross enrollment rate (GER) and net enrollment ratio (NER). Econometric analysis of panel data of 15 kabupaten/kota in North Sulawesi, 2010-2012 show several things. First, the government budget through the budget of the education functions show significant and positive impact on the improvement of GER and NER. Second, the transfer of funds in the form of DAU affects only increase the access to education through the GER, not to NER. Third, fiscal independency of kabupaten/kota have no effect in improving access to secondary education in those area. GDP per capita as a reflection of the economic capacity of the community showed significant and positive impact on the improvement of GER and NER. However, the variables which significantly effect the improvement of access to secondary education is very small. This shows that the impact of government budget allocation and economic growth, improved access to secondary education kabupaten/kota is relatively small.]

Abstrak :
Persoalan pendidikan menengah dalam hal akses dan kualitas pendidikan di Provinsi DKI Jakarta masih menjadi perhatian di Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Akses dan kualitas tersebut belum sepenuhnya merata dan dapat dinikmati oleh masyarakat luas karena masih banyak masyarakat utamanya peserta didik di DKI Jakarta yang belum dapat dan kesulitan untuk melanjutkan pendidikan hingga ke tingkat pendidikan menengah SMA atau SMK di DKI Jakarta. Adapun kondisi pada pendidikan menengah seperti SMA dan SMK di Provinsi DKI Jakarta masih memiliki kekurangan dalam hal pemerataan kualitas sehingga harus diperhatikan karena pendidikan tersebut merupakan bagian dari pembangunan manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran mengenai kondisi pendidikan menengah SMA dan SMK di Provinsi DKI Jakarta serta perkembangan dihadapi oleh pendidikan menengah tersebut, pendidikan tentunya akan menghadapi perubahan yang sangat pesat serta masa depan yang tidak pasti serta sulit untuk dibayangkan. Penggunaan cara berpikir skenario yang dituangkan ke dalam model skenario terkait dapat menjawab hal tersebut. Penelitian ini menghasilkan empat model skenario dalam kebijakan pendidikan menengah yang bermula dari skenario optimistis hingga skenario pesimistis serta penelitian ini juga memaparkan langkah dan strategi terkait yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta dalam kebijakan dan pengelolaan pada pendidikan khususnya pada pendidikan menengah tersebut. ......The problem of secondary education in terms of access and quality of education in DKI Jakarta Province is still a concern in Jakarta Province. Access and quality are not yet entirely evenly distributed and can be enjoyed by the wider community because there are still many people, especially students in DKI Jakarta who have not been able to and have difficulty continuing their education up to the secondary education level of Senior High School (SMA) or Vocational School (SMK) in Jakarta. The conditions in secondary education such as SMA and SMK in Jakarta Province still have shortcomings in terms of quality distribution so it must be considered because education is part of human development. This study aims to provide an overview of the condition of high school and vocational secondary education in Jakarta Province and the developments faced by secondary education, education will certainly face very rapid changes and an uncertain future and it is difficult to imagine. The use of scenario thinking that is poured into the related scenario model can answer this. This research produces four scenario models in secondary education policy starting from an optimistic scenario to a pesimistic scenario and this study also describes the steps and related strategies taken by the Jakarta Government in policy and management of education, especially in secondary education.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana peran lembaga bimbingan belajar sebagai lembaga pendidikan non formal dalam proses reproduksi sosial yang mengkonstruksi pola stratifikasi sosial pada masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan kerangka teori mengenai reproduksi sosial melalui bidang pendidikan. Untuk memahami proses reproduksi sosial tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan konsep Equality of Educational Opportunity yang dikembangkan oleh Schiefelbein dan Farrell. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode pengumpulan data wawancara mendalam dan observasi. Peneliti mengumpulkan data secara langsung pada objek penelitian karena berperan sebagai instrumen pengumpul data dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa lembaga pendidikan non formal berkontribusi dalam proses reproduksi sosial karena secara tidak langsung menciptakan perbedaan akses kepada masyarakat untuk mendapatkan pendidikan yang berkualitas. Kemudian lembaga pendidikan non formal memberikan hal-hal yang tidak didapatkan oleh siswa dari sekolah. Adanya hal-hal tersebut yang menyebabkan lembaga pendidikan non formal dapat menciptakan siswa-siswa yang lebih unggul dalam prestasi belajar.

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ABSTRACT
This research was conducted to understand how the tutoring institution’s role as non formal education institutions in the process of social reproduction, that affect the construction of social stratification’s pattern in society. This research uses theoretical framework about social reproduction through the field of education. To understand the process, this research uses Equality of Educational Opportunity concept that developed by Schiefelbein and Farrell. This research uses qualitative approach by the method of in-depth interview and observation. Researcher collect data directly on the object of research, cause the researcher act as an instrument of data collecting. The result of this study indicate that non formal educational institution contribute to the process of social reproduction. It cause, the non formal educational institution in-directly create the inequality of access for society to get a good education. Then, non formal education institution give things that not granted by school.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (BOS) terhadap pemenuhan akses pendidikan menengah di Indonesia yang diukur dari perubahan Angka Partisipasi Murni (APM) Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) dan Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK). BOS SMA/SMK merupakan bantuan tunai yang diberikan oleh pemerintah pusat kepada sekolah SMA/SMK baik negeri maupun swasta dengan tujuan utama untuk membantu pembiayaan operasional sekolah dan diharapkan dapat membebaskan atau meringankan biaya sekolah yang harus ditanggung oleh siswa. Sejak tahun 2017, kewenangan SMA/SMK di Indonesia telah didesentralisasikan kepada pemerintah provinsi. Analisis menggunakan metode Fixed Effect pada data panel 34 provinsi di Indonesia dari tahun 2017 hingga 2021. Hasil estimasi menunjukkan bahwa BOS SMA/SMK tidak berpengaruh terhadap perubahan APM SMA/SMK, sedangkan belanja pendidikan pemerintah provinsi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap perubahan APM SMA/SMK di Indonesia. ......This study aims to analyze the effect of School Operational Assistance (Bantuan Operasional Sekolah/BOS) on students’ participation in secondary education at the provincial level in Indonesia as measured by Net Enrollment Rate (NER) for General Senior High School (SMA) and Vocational Senior High Schools (SMK). BOS SMA/SMK is a transfer of funds from the central government to the local government at the provincial level in Indonesia to support the operational activities of public and private schools of SMA/SMK. The primary objective of BOS is to finance school operations to lower or exempt school fees. Since 2017, the authority of SMA/SMK in Indonesia has been decentralized to the provincial governments. The analysis applies a fixed effect method for a panel data set of 34 provinces in Indonesia from 2017 to 2021. The estimation results show that BOS SMA/SMK does not affect the change of NER of SMA/SMK, whereas the provincial government education spending has a positive and significant effect on the change of the SMA/SMK NER in Indonesia.