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"ABSTRAKPenyalahguna alkohol sering menimbulkan masalah berupa perkelahian, perampokan dan perbuatan lain yang merugikan dirinya dan orang lain, yang pada akhirnya mereka dapat menjadi pemuda putus sekolah, dan dapat berakibat menjadi beban keluarga, masyarakat dan negara.Alkohol merupakan minuman legal yang dapat dibeli dimana saja tanpa ada pembatasan umur pembeli maupun jumlah minuman yang dapat dibeli, karena itu penting sekali diteliti tentang faktor - faktor yang berhubungan penyalahgunaan alkohol pada pemuda.Faktor yang diteliti meliputi faktor karakteristik individu yaitu pendidikan, pekerjaan, pendapatan, umur pertama kali minum alkohol, faktor lingkungan keluarga yaitu komunikasi keluarga dan kerukunan keluarga dan faktor lingkungan di luar keluarga yaitu adanya pergaulan dengan teman sebaya penyalahguna alkohol.Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan cara kasus kontrol, dengan ?daerah penelitian" Jakarta, Bogor, Tangerang dan Bekasi yang dilakukan pada bulan Juni dan Juli 1997.Penelitian dilakukan pada laki-laki umur 15 - 25 tahun yang diambil dari pasien penyalahguna alkohol di Rumah Sakit Ketergantungan Obat, Jakarta, yang berjumlah 165 responden sebagai kasus dan kontrol yang berjumlah 165 responden adalah saudara kandungnya yang tinggal serumah dan bukan penyalahguna alkohol dengan beda umur dua - tiga tahun lebih muda atau lebih tua.Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner yang dilakukan dengan cara kunjungan dari rumah ke rumah.Faktor resiko yang ditemukan pada penelitian ini adalah faktor pergaulan dengan penyalahguna alkohol dan pendapatan dan keeratan hubungannya didapat odds ratio sebesar 186 artinya resiko terjadinya penyalahguna alkohol adalah 186 kali bila pemuda bergaul dengan penyalahguna alkohol dibanding dengan pemuda yang tidak bergaul dengan penyalahguna alkohol setelah dikontrol dengan pendapatannya.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini disarankan pada penelitian selanjutnya sebaiknya tidak digunakan saudara kandung sebagai kontrol agar faktor kerukunan keluarga yang buruk, komunikasi keluarga yang buruk dan ditambahkan faktor tidak taat beragama dapat terbukti sebagai faktor resiko terjadinya penyalahguna alkohol.Daftar Pustaka 44 : (1966 -1997)

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ABSTRACT

Some Factors Related to Alcohol Abuse Amongst Youngsters in Jakarta, Bogor, Tangerang and BekasiBy Abusing alcohol often, it can rise the problem amongst them self, such as fighting, robbery and anything than can do harm to others, eventually for those who become the abuser (especially the youngsters) leave their schools and they feel hopeless about their future (pessimist) which then, it becomes their family and country's responsibility to solve it.

In other side, alcohol can be easily consume in many shops without any specific regulation to give allowance to certain people, the aim of this study is necessary to develop some study about factors that related to alcohol abuse among the youngsters.

Some of those factors that had been examined include the factor of individual characteristics, ie. Education, employment, income, at what age they started drink, environment within the family and their neighbourhood, is there any friendship with peer group based on this interest (alcohol abuse) among them.

The method used in here was case control study, within area in Jakarta, Bogor, Tangerang and Bekasi which had been conducted in June and July 1997.

Observation had been conducted to men with the age vary between 15 - 25 years old, taken from Rumah Sakit Ketergantungan Obat (alcohol abuse patients) about 165 patients. As the control, were 1 65 relatives of those patients who lives in the same place and non-alcohol abuser. They had different age 2-3 years older I younger than the alcohol abuser.

Instruments used was the questionnaires conducted by visiting their homes.

From the examination, the impact from social relationship with the alcohol abuse and income is very closely related, where the result indicates that odds ratio is 186 after ajusted with income, means the risk / impact for the person who has relationship with the alcohol abuser will have a chance 186 times than the person who has not.

Based on the examination, it's suggested for the following examination I study would be much better not to use the same sample (relatives as a case control), in order to find more factors such as "inharmony relationship" in the family, or poor communication between members of the family and unreligious belief as risk factors for alcohol abuse.

Bibliography : 44 (1966 -1997 )"

"Why do some individuals commit violent offenses while others restrict themselves to nonviolent crime? Most people probably assume that criminologists know a great deal about the causes of violent offending. It might surprise them to know that there is little consensus about what distinguishes violent offenders from those who commit less serious crime. Further, most criminological theory and research applies mainly to lesser criminal offenses and most of the work published in developmental psychology applies best to general conduct problems, not necessarily physical aggression. The purpose of this book is to narrowly delineate the causes of violence and physical aggression as they contrast with the causes of other forms of antisocial behavior. In each substantive chapter, we select one potential cause of violence (attachment insecurity, parental rejection, low intelligence, school problems, child abuse, poverty, community disorder, and substance use) and assess the state of published evidence related to its ability to differentially predict violent behavior. To that end, we conducted extensive literature searches to unearth all existing relevant empirical work, published in English, for each topic. While the book is first and foremost a scholarly contribution to the fields of developmental psychology and criminology, the early chapters introducing the problem, discussing the development of violent behavior, and reviewing the sociological views of violence and motivation, will make it suitable for use as a text for an advanced course on violence or as a secondary text in an introductory criminology course."

"Para pekerja mengharapkan organisasi tempat mereka bekerja memperlakukan mereka dengan adil. Beberapa survey memperlihatkan bahwa masih terdapat praktik-praktik ketidakadilan ditempat kerja. Para pekerja merespon atas hal-hal yang mereka terima di dalam pekerjaannya dan tempat kerjanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh dari percieved injustice pada sick absences, quit intentions, work alienation, dan alcohol use yang dimediasi oleh emotional exhaustion. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan sampel pekerja formal di wilayah administratif DKI Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Structural Equation Modeling dengan Partial Least Square dengan software SmartPLS 2.0. Terdapat 166 karyawan yang ikut serta dalam survei ini. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan tidak terdapat pengaruh antara percieved injustice pada sick absences, quit intentions, work alienation, dan alcohol use serta tidak ditemukan pengaruh mediasi dari emotional exhaustion

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The workers expect the organization for which they work treat them fairly. surveys show that there are still injustice practices in the workplace. The workers responded to what they receive from their work in the workplace. This study aims to analyze the effect of percieved injustice on sick absences, quit intentions, work alienation, and alcohol use mediated by emotional exhaustion. The study was conducted by involving of workers in the formal administrative region of Jakarta as the samples. This research used a structural equation modeling with the Partial Least Square method and SmartPLS 2.0 software. There are 166 employees who participated in this survey. The results of this research indicate there is no effect of the percieved injustice to the sick absences, quit intentions, work alienation, and alcohol use and found no mediating effect of emotional exhaustion"