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"ABSTRAKAglaonema simplex is an aquatic plant that has been widely used as ornamental plants. the genus contains polyhydroxy alkaloids that exhibit the glycosidase inhibitor activity. this paper reports a phytochemical screening of in vitro Aglaonema simplex plantlets and the potential compounds as alternatives of SR-B1 ligand that plays a role in reducing atherosclerosis. the phytochemical screening was conducted using Thin Layer Chromatography and Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy on methanol crude extracts of leaves, stems and roots. SR-B1 ligand activities were tested on HepG2 cell line stably transfected with SR-B1 promoter. The results showed that the extracts contained secondary metabolites belonging to the terpenoids, steroids, phenolics, alkaloids and glycosides. Luciferase assay suggested that the stem and root extracts increased the expression of SR-B1 at 1.61- and 1.72-fold higher than the control, respectively. thus, Aglaonema simplex is one of the potential sources of the phytochemicals for the treatment of atherosclerosis. the tissue culture technology may be applicable for sustainable production of the identified compounds from the plant."

"ABSTRAKKaries gigi masih menjadi masalah kesehatan gigi di Indonesia, sehingga pencegahan menjadi penting. Email gigi merupakan lapisan terluar gigi yang berperan dalam ketahanan gigi terhadap penyebab karies. Biji Kakao Sulawesi Tengah merupakan bahan alam hasil perkebunan unggulan Indonesia, mengandung senyawa alkaloid yang berpotensi meningkatkan ketahanan host email gigi . Penelitian ini merupakan studi biomimetika eksperimental laboratorik in vitro, yang mencakup identifikasi karakteristik senyawaan alkaloid biji kakao klon Sulawesi-1 S1 dan Sulawesi-2 S2 asal Sulawesi Tengah untuk mendapatkan prototype biomimetika, uji khasiat formula alkaloid pada email gigi berupa uji kekerasan email gigi, karakteristik permukaan dan kristal apatit email, serta uji karakteristik permukaan email setelah proses demineralisasi dan remineralisasi email gigi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa senyawaan alkaloid klon biji kakao klon S1 dan S2 asal Sulawesi Tengah teridentifikasi mengandung Teobromin T , Teofilin TF dan Kafein K , dengan komposisi T : TF : K = 6 : 1 : 1 untuk S1 dan T : TF : K = 4 : 1 : 1 untuk S2. Formula alkaloid biomimik S1 lebih bermakna dalam meningkatkan kekerasan mikro email gigi dibandingkan S2. Formula alkaloid biomimik S1 dapat mempengaruhi karakteristik permukaan dan meningkatkan derajat kristalinitas apatit email gigi, serta berkhasiat terhadap remineralisasi email gigi. Dengan demikian alkaloid biji kakao Sulawesi Tengah dalam bentuk formula biomimik, berpotensi sebagai alternatif agen remineralisasi email gigi.

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ABSTRACTDental caries is still a major dental health problem in Indonesia, and preventive measures needs to be done to resolve it. The enamel is the outermost layer of teeth in which play a role in resistance to the cause of dental caries. Central Sulawesi cacao beans are natural materials featured Indonesian plantation crops, contains the alkaloid compounds that could potentially increase the resistance of the host the enamel . The research was a biomimetic study laboratory experiment in vitro, which covered identification of the characteristics of cacao beans s alkaloid compounds of clones Sulawesi 1 S1 and Sulawesi 2 S2 from Central Sulawesi, to obtain biomimetics prototype, to test the efficacy of the alkaloid formula to tooth enamel i.e. enamel microhardhess, surface and apatite crystal characteristics test, and also enamel surface characteristics test after demineralization and remineralization process of tooth enamel. The results of this research showed that the cacao beans s alkaloid compounds of clones S1 and S2 from Central Sulawesi contains Theobromine T , Theophylline TF and Caffeine K , with composition T TF K 6 1 1 for S1 and T TF K 4 1 1 for S2. The S1 biomimic alkaloid formula was more significant in increasing tooth enamel microhardness than S2. S1 biomimic alkaloid formula affected the characteristics of the surface and increased the degree of apatite crystallinity of tooth enamel, as well as efficacious against the remineralization of tooth enamel. Thus Central Sulawesi cacao beans alkaloid in the form of biomimic formula, have potential as an alternative remineralization agents of tooth enamel."

"A series of alkaloids isolated from the roots of N. orientalis is investigated for the inhibitory activities on in vitro agonists induced human platelet aggregation. Human platelet samples were obtained to investigate the anti-platelet activity by high throughput 96-well microtiter plate format. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP), arachidonic acid (AA), thrombin and thrombin receptor activating peptide-6 (TRAP-6) were used as agonists for in vitro human platelet aggregation. All alkaloids were inactive in the AA induced platelet aggregation. Compound 2 was the only alkaloid to inhibit ADP induced platelet aggregation with the IC50 value of 27.01 ± 7.67 pM and was more potent than the standard drug, ibuprofen (p < 0.05). The compounds 1, 3, 4, 5 and 7 were more potent than the standard drug to inhibit thrombin induced platelet aggregation with the IC50 values of 3.05 ± 0.22,4.41 ± 0.47,7.50 ± 0.22,45.69 ± 1.74 and 4.89 ±0.13 pM (p < 0.05), respectively. None of the potent alkaloids in thrombin- mediated platelet aggregation exhibited the inhibitory effect in TRAP-6 induced platelet aggregation. Compound 2 could inhibit platelet aggregation through the interference of platelet purinergic receptors (P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors). Moreover, compounds 1, 3,4, 5 and 7 could have inhibitory effects on thrombin-induced platelet aggregation through the proteolytic inhibition without the interferences of ligand-receptor interaction."