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"Latar Belakang. Cedera kepala merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang serius yang dapat menyebabkan kematian, kecacatan fisik dan kecacatan mental. Cedera kepala dapat menyebabkan sel astrosit rusak sehingga mengeluarkan protein S 100B yang dapat dideteksi didalam darah perifer, sehingga dapat dipakai untuk memprediksi tingkat keparahan cedera kepala yang terjadi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari hubungan antara kadar protein S 100B dengan tingkat keparahan cedera kepala. Metode. Desain penelitian adalah potong lintang untuk mengetahui kadar protein S 100B pada pasien cedera kepala akut onset kurang dari 24 jam. Subyek penelitian sejumlah 85 pasien yang datang berobat ke Instalasi Gawat Darurat RSCM sejak bulan maret ? juni 2015. Dilakukan penilaian GCS, lamanya tidak sadarkan diri, lamanya amnesia pasca trauma dengan bantuan alat TOAG, pemeriksaan CT Scan dan pemeriksaan serum protein S 100B. Hasil. Didapatkan kadar rerata protein S 100B serum 0,77 μg/L, rerata durasi amnesia 21,22 jam, rerata nilai GCS 13. Terdapat perbedaan kadar protein S 100B pada CKR (rerata 0,4175) dibandingkan dengan pada CKS dan CKB (1,0722) (p=0,020), nilai titik potong kadar protein S 100B pasien yang meninggal 0,765 μg/L (p= 0,002). Simpulan. Kadar rerata protein S 100B pada cedera kepala ringan lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kadar protein S 100B pada cedera kepala sedang dan berat, semakin tinggi kadar protein S 100B akan semakin tidak baik keluaran pasien cedera kepala. ......Background. Traumatic brain injury is still a serious community health problem can cause death, physical and mental disability. Protein S 100B release from destructive astrocyte from brain injury and detected in the peripheral blood, so that protein S 100B can serve as predictor of severity traumatic brain injury. This research aimed to find association between protein S 100B with traumatic brain injury severity. Method. This was a cross sectional study focusing to protein S 100B value from acute traumatic brain injury patients with onset < 24 hours. Eighty five patients were recruited from emergency room RSCM. GCS value, duration of post traumatic amnesia with TOAG tools, duration loss of consciousness, brain CT scan and concentration serum protein S 100B were record. Results. The mean concentration serum Protein S 100B were 0.77, mean PTA duration were 21,22 hours, and the mean GCS were 13. There is a significant differentiation value of concentration protein S 100B from mild trumatic brain injury compare moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (p=0,020), cut off point for death patients was 0,765 μg/L. Conclusion. The mean serum Protein S 100 B from mild trumatic brain injury lower than moderate and severe traumatic brain injury higher consentration of protein S 100B have bad outcome."

"Latar belakang : Analgesia subarachnoid disertai pemberian obat sedasi secara infus kontinyu memberikan efek sedasi, amnesia dan ansiolisis yang dapat diprediksi mula kerja,pemulihan,efek samping yang minimal sehingga pasien merasa lebih aman, nyaman setelah dilakukan prosedur pembedahan yang merupakan bagian teknik layanan anestesi bermonitor (Monitored Anesthesia Care, MAC)Metode : 98 pasien usia 15-60 tahun dengan klasifikasi ASA 1-II yang akan menjalani operasi abdomen tengah kebawah dibagi dalam 2 kelompok dengan analgesia subarachnoid dan pemberian infusi propofol bolus 0,5 mg/kg pemeliharaan 35 Fig/kg/menit dan infusi midazolam bolus 0,05 mg/kg pemeliharaan 0,35 µg/kg/menit, kemudian dinilai keefektifan sedasi, amnesia, ansiolisis Berta dimonitor perubahan hemodinamik dan efek samping yang terjadi.Hasil : Keefektifan tingkat sedasi kelompok propofol pads menit ke 60 sebesar 72,9% dan kelompok midazolam 77,1%,dengan uji statistik (p>0,05)Untuk tingkat kecemasan kelompok propofol pada menit ke 15 pasien berkurang kecemasan sebesar 91,7% dan kelompok midazolam sebesar 93,7%,dengan uji statistik (p>0,05).Amnesia yang terjadi pada kelompok propofol sebanyak 16,7% dan kelompok midazolam 54,2%,dengan uji statistik (p<0,05).Kestabilan hemodinamik kedua kelompok bail( dan efek samping yang terjadi tidak berbeda bermakna (p>0,05),kecuali pada kelompok propofol cenderung dapat mengurangi mual dan muntah (p=0,056}.Kesimpulan : Pemberian infusi pmpofol 0,5 mg/kg pemeliharaan 35 µg/kg/menit tidak lebih efektif dalam memberikan efek sedasi, ansiolisis dibanding infusi midazolam 0,05 mg/kg pemeliharaan 0,35 µg/kg/menit. Efek amnesia lebih unggul pada kelompok midazolarn dibanding kelompok propofol.

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Background: In addition to Subarachnoid analgesia, giving sedation infusion continously will affect sedation effect, amnesia, and anti-anxiety. The process can predict starting time, recovery, minimum side effects, in order to obtain securability, and comfortability of patients. It is important to the patients after undergo surgical operation using Monitored Anesthesia Care (MAC).Methods: Samples consist of 98 patients of 15-60 year age which conform ASA I-11 classifications. The patients underwent lower abdominal surgery and lower extremity_ The patients were divided into 2 groups. The First group was treated using subarachnoid analgesia, bolus propofol infusion at 0.5 mg/kg, and maintenance at 35 p.g/kglminute. The second group was treated using subarachnoid analgesia, bolus midazolam infusion at 0.05 mg/kg, and maintenance at 0,35 fig/kg/minute. After that, the value of sedation effectiveness, amnesia, and anti-anxiety were investigated. Also, hemodinamic value and side effects were monitored.Results: Sedation score effectiveness of propofol group at sixtieth minute was 72.9% and that of midazolam group was 77.1% (using statistical test with p > 0.05).For anxiety score, the value of propofol group, at fifteenth minute, reduce into 91.7% and that of midazolam group became 93.7% (using statistical test with p > 0.05). The value of Amnesia of propofol group was 16.7% and that of midazolam group was 542% (using statistical test with p < 0.05).Hemodinamical stability of both groups was good. Side effect occurs was not different (at p > 0.05), except for propofol group tends to reduce nausea and vomiting (p = 0.056).Conclusions: Giving propofol infusion at 0.5 mg/kg and maintenance at 35 p.glkg/minute was less effective in sedation effect, anti-anxiety compared to midazolam infusion at 0.05 mg/kg and maintenance at.0.35 fig/kg/minute. Amnesia effect for midazolam group better than that of propofol group."