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"Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai aktivitas amilase 28 isolat actinomycetes dari serasah pada ekosistem bakau di Pulau Pramuka, Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta. Penapisan secara kualitatif dilakukan menggunakan metode iodin pada medium starch agar, kemudian berdasarkan zona bening yang terbentuk, aktivitas amilase diekspresikan sebagai Indeks Aktivitas (IA) amilase. Penapisan secara semi-kuantitatif dilakukan menggunakan metode iodin pada medium starch broth, kemudian nilai transmitan diukur menggunakan spektrofotometer pada λ=620 nm. Berdasarkan hasil penapisan tersebut, SM 25 merupakan isolat terpilih dengan nilai IA= 3,21 dan transmitan 84,3%. Uji aktivitas amilase isolat SM 25 dan konsentrasi glukosa yang terbentuk pada filtrat medium fermentasi dengan dua sumber pati berbeda yaitu soluble starch dan tepung beras diukur pada λ=540 nm berdasarkan metode dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS). Aktivitas amilase isolat SM 25 pada medium dengan tepung beras (3,33 U/mL) lebih rendah daripada medium dengan soluble starch (5,02 U/mL). Namun konsentrasi glukosa pada medium pertumbuhan isolat SM 25 dengan tepung beras (582 μg/mL) lebih tinggi daripada medium dengan soluble starch (407 μg/mL). Hasil identifikasi menggunakan sekuens parsial gen 16S rRNA, isolat SM 25 teridentifikasi sebagai Streptomyces sanyensis dengan homologi sebesar 99,66 persen. ......Research about amylase activity of 28 actinomycetes isolates from mangrove litter at Pramuka Island, Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta, has been carried out. Qualitative screening was done using iodine method on starch agar, based on the formation of clear zone, then amylase activity was expressed as amylase Activity Index (AI). Semi-quantitative screening was done using iodine method on starch broth, then transmittance value was measured using spectrophotometer at λ=620 nm. Among the isolates tested, SM 25 was the isolate with the most potential for amylase activity with AI=3,21 and transmittance 84,3% which was further tested. Amylase activity of isolate SM 25 and glucose concentration in medium filtrate with soluble starch and rice flour was measured at λ=540 nm using the dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. The result showed that isolate SM 25 has lower amylase activity in medium with rice flour (3,33 U/mL) than soluble starch (5,02 U/mL). However, isolate SM 25 has higher glucose accumulation in medium with rice flour (582 μg/mL) than soluble starch (407 μg/mL). Identification based on partial sequence of 16S rRNA gene, isolate SM 25 was identified as Streptomyces sanyensis with 99,66 homology."

"Black rice (Oryza sativa L. “Cempo Irengâ€) is one of local rice varieties in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta. The black color is caused by high anthocyanin content which is important source of antioxidant. The cultivation of black rice is still limited due to its tall phenotype, long vegetative stage and low productivitycompared to white rice. Paclobutrazol is a growth retardant causing dwarfing in several crop plants and reducing lodging. Blue light can improve plant quality. This research was aimed to evaluate the effect of blue light and paclobutrazol on seed germination, vegetative growth and yield of black rice. The results showed that the average of seed germination as well as the activity of α-amylase of seeds subjected to blue light were lower compared to those subjected to sunlight; however, paclobutrazol concentrations did not affect seed germination percentage. The height of rice plants treated with paclobutrazol decreased in accordance with the increase of paclobutrazol concentration. Chlorophyll content and tiller numbers increased by paclobutrazol treatment of 12.5 ppm. Nitrate reductase activity was higher in rice seedlings subjected to blue light compared to those subjected to sunlight. Iron (Fe) content of rice plants treated with 25 or 50 ppm paclobutrazol increased compared to control. It was concluded thatpaclobutrazol applicationof 12.5 ppmalready reduced plant height. The higher concentration of paclobutrazol applied the greater reduction on plant height was observed.Blue light treatment applied during black rice seed germination slightly reduced germination percentage and α-amylase activity in the germinated seeds. However, blue light treatment combined with paclobutrazol application during black rice seed germination increased chlorophyll content, tiller numbers and Fe content in black rice grain."

"Background: Saliva has many properties and the buffering capacity is important for the neutralization of oral fluids. It is unclear whether stressful conditions directly affect salivary buffering capacity, and we investigated the impact of physical stress on salivary buffering capacity.Methods: Twelve participants were subjected to the physical stress of jogging and running. The salivary buffering capacity and flow rate of the participants were measured before and after exposure to stressful conditions. Salivary α-amylase activity was measured as a quantitative index of stress.Results: No change in buffering capacity was detected among each time point during the whole course under physically stressful conditions. Next, we examined the change in buffering capacity after jogging compared to baseline. Six participants showed an increase in buffering capacity (Group A), while the other six participants showed a decrease or no change (Group B) after jogging. Group B showed a decrease in flow rate and increases in α-amylase activity and protein level after jogging, whereas Group A showed no changes in these properties.Conclusions: The results suggest that salivary buffering capacity changes following exposure to physically stressful conditions, and that the changes are dependent on the stress susceptibility of individuals."

"Saliva has many properties and the buffering capacity is important for the neutralization of oral fluids. It is unclear whether stressful conditions directly affect salivary buffering capacity, and we investigated the impact of physical stress on salivary buffering capacity. Methods: Twelve participants were subjected to the physical stress of jogging and running. The salivary buffering capacity and flow rate of the participants were measured before and after exposure to stressful conditions. Salivary α-amylase activity was measured as a quantitative index of stress.Results: No change in buffering capacity was detected among each time point during the whole course under physically stressful conditions. Next, we examined the change in buffering capacity after jogging compared to baseline. Six participants showed an increase in buffering capacity (Group A), while the other six participants showed a decrease or no change (Group B) after jogging. Group B showed a decrease in flow rate and increases in α-amylase activity and protein level after jogging, whereas Group A showed no changes in these properties. Conclusions: The results suggest that salivary buffering capacity changes following exposure to physically stressful conditions, and that the changes are dependent on the stress susceptibility of individuals."

"Diabetes melitus (DM) merupakan penyakit gangguan metabolisme karbohidrat, protein, dan lemak akibat berkurangnya sekresi insulin atau sensitifitas reseptor insulin. Jumlah penderita penyakit DM selalu meningkat setiap tahunnya. Secara tradisional banyak tanaman Indonesia yang digunakan untuk mengontrol gula darah. Salah satu uji yang dilakukan adalah uji penghambatan aktivitas α-amilase dan α-glukosidase secara in vitro. Genus Garcinia berpotensi sebagai tanaman obat antidiabetes. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji penghambatan aktivitas α-amilase dan α-glukosidase dari hasil ekstraksi bertingkat daun Garcinia bancana Miq. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi dengan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat dan metanol. Uji penghambatan aktivitas α-amilase dilakukan dengan prinsip kolorimetri. Amilum soluble digunakan sebagai substrat akan menghasilkan maltosa yang dapat mereduksi reagen warna dinitrosalycilic acid. Produk tersebut diukur serapannya menggunakan spektrofotometer UV VIS pada panjang gelombang 490 nm. Uji penghambatan aktivitas α-glukosidase dilakukan dengan prinsip spectrophotometric stop rate determination. p-Nitrofenil-α-D-glukopiranosida sebagai substrat akan menghasilkan p-nitrofenol. Produk tersebut diukur serapannya menggunakn microplate reader pada panjang gelombang 405 nm. Hasil uji menunjukkan ekstrak metanol daun Garcinia bancana Miq merupakan ekstrak teraktif yang memiliki nilai penghambatan aktivitas α-amilase (IC50 = 16,257µg/ml) dan α-glukosidase (IC50 = 193,75 µg/ml). Golongan senyawa kimia yang dikandung oleh ekstrak metanol Garcinia bancana Miq adalah alkaloid, tanin, flavonoid, saponin, dan glikosida. ...... Diabetes mellitus (DM) is metabolism disorder of carbohydrate, protein, and lipid because decreasing insulin secretion or sensitivity of insulin’s receptor. The total patient is always increasing every year. Traditionally, many Indonesian plants are used to control blood sugar. One of the antidiabetic testing is in vitro test by inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase’s activity. The genus Garcinia has potential as a medicinal plant antidiabetic.The aim of this research to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity from multiple extraction of Garcinia bancana Miq. leaves. Extraction was done by maceration method with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. α-Amylase inhibition test was performed using colorimetry principle. Soluble starch was used as a substrate will produce maltose which can reduce dinitrosalycilic acid’s color reagent. These products were measured using Spectrophotometer UV VIS (λ= 490 nm). α-glucosidase inhibition test was performed using spectrophotrometric stop rate determination principle. p-nitophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside as substrate will produce p-nitrophenol. p-nitophenol were measured using microplate reader (λ= 405 nm). The result showed that extract methanol of Garcinia bancana Miq. was the most active extract which have IC50 values of 16,257µg/mL at α-amylase inhibition test and IC50 values of 16,257µg/mL at α-glucosidase inhibition test. The chemical compounds of extract methanol Garcinia bancana Miq. are alkaloids, tannins, flavonoid, saponins, and glycosides."