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"AbstractDirect relation model has been known as an analytical model to measure the relationship between economic sectors. However, there has not been known an analysis to measure the catalyst sector. Generally, the analytical model of relations of economic activities is an aggregative model which neglects the function of catalyst sector. Possibly, this will ignore its influence, when sometimes it is important to know the acceleration this influence for planning purposes. This paper uses analytical model of catalyst sectors of nine sectors in North Sulawesi Province with 56 causality combinations in each of the catalyst sector. The result shows that nine important economy sectors in North Sulawesi Province are induced by three economy catalyst sectors. First, strong catalyst sector consists of transport and communication sector, manufacturing industry sector, and trade, hotel and restaurants sector. Second, medium catalyst sector; consists of agriculture sector, finance, real estate and business services sector, and electricity, gas and water supply sector. Third, weak catalyst sector: consists of construction sector, services sector, and mining and quarrying sector."

"Understanding the empiricial description of stock prices movement on the economical setting firm's,and the behavior of its beta is fundamental to portfolio risk management

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"ABSTRAKImplementasi sistem pengenalan wicara berbasis jaringan, seperti: Internet, akan mengalami degradasi yang disebabkan oleh kehilangan dan keterlambatan data. Sebagian aplikasi pengenalan wicara lebih memilih keterlambatan data demi ketersediaan seluruh data wicara secara kalimat-per-kalimat. Ketersediaan seluruh data akan membantu sistem pengenalan wicara menjaga kinerja akurasi yang semestinya. Akan tetapi, pengguna biasanya lebih menghendaki batas keterlambatan yang wajar sebagai syarat dari kinerja memuaskan aplikasi.Dalam disertasi ini, sebuah model analitik dikembangkan untuk menginvestigasi batas waktu-tunda wajar sebuah skema aplikasi pengenal wicara berbasis TCP yang menempatkan sebuah pemenggal data wicara di klien. Batas waktu-tunda wajar didefinisikan sebagai keterlambatan maksimal yang diperkenankan dalam pengiriman seluruh data setiap kalimat wicara via TCP. Pengembangan model dilakukan melalui analisis transien berdasarkan kajian model discrete-time Markov dari multi-media streaming via TCP. Selanjutnya, sebuah metode perhitungan dari model distribusi keterlambatan paket aliran TCP pada kondisi steady-state diuji dengan membandingkan hasil-hasil perhitungannya dengan hasil investigasi dari model berbasis analisis transien. Hasil perbandingan menunjukan bahwa analisis transien adalah metode investigasi yang lebih tepat.Pada target penelitian berikutnya, sebuah kerangka kerja menggunakan protokol HTTP/2 plus Server Sent Event SSE diajukan sebagai solusi ketepatan waktu aplikasi pengenal wicara berbasis TCP. Kerangka kerja ini dibangun berdasarkan pada kerangka kerja pengenal wicara full-duplex yang dikembangkan dengan menggunakan teknologi WebSocket. Berdasarkan pada hasil percobaan, aplikasi menggunakan HTTP/2 plus SSE memiliki angka perbandingan kinerja latensi sebesar 3,6 lebih baik daripada aplikasi menggunakan WebSocket. Walaupun angka ini masih lebih kecil daripada angka kualitatif perbandingan ketepatan waktu yang lebih baik, yakni sebesar 5 , ada beberapa alasan dikemukakan yang berasal dari keunggulan-keunggulan fitur-fitur HTTP/2 dalam mengurangi latensi aplikasi dan juga dari kelemahan WebSocket bila ditempatkan dalam jaringan dengan proxy server, untuk menyimpulkan bahwa kerangka kerja aplikasi menggunakan HTTP/2 plus SSE dapat menjadi alternatif lebih baik daripada kerangka kerja aplikasi dengan WebSocket.

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ABSTRACTImplementation of network based speech recognition, such as Internet, will suffer degradation due to packet loss and delays. Most of network speech recognition applications prefer to tolerate delay in order to receive all speech data completely that is delivered sentence by sentence. The availability of all speech data helps the application to save the expected acuraccy of recognition in case of no packet loss. However, users practically require an acceptable delay to have satisfactory performance of the application.In this research, an analytical model is developed to investigate the acceptable delay of TCP based speech recognition that employs a speech segmenter at the client. The acceptable delay is defined as a maximum allowable delay in sending all data for each speech sentence via TCP. For the purpose of model development, there are two analytical methods, i.e., transient analysis and steady state analysis. In the transient analysis, the investigation model is developed based on the discrete time Markov model of multimedia streaming via TCP, whereas in the steady state analysis, the investigation uses a calculation method of packet delay distribution model. Furthermore, the results of transient analysis experiment are compared with the calculation of packet delay distribution model at the steady state. The comparison shows that the transient analysis is more appropriate method of investigation.Next work, a framework using HTTP 2 protocol plus Server Sent Event SSE is proposed as a real time solution for TCP based speech recognition applications. This framework is developed on the basis of a full duplex speech recognition framework using WebSocket. Based on the experimentation results, the application of HTTP 2 plus SSE has a comparison factor of latency performance in amount of 3.6 better than the application of WebSocket. Although this factor is still smaller than a qualitative factor 5 that can state a better latency performance, there are some reason from the advantages of HTTP 2 features in reducing latency as well as from the limitation of WebSocket in a network with proxy server, to conclude that the framework of HTTP 2 plus SSE is a better alternative than the framework using WebSocket."

"The use of composite materials with continuous fibers in the aircraft and aerospace industries requires a thorough knowledge of behaviors of these laminate composites under various loading conditions. Indeed, the aim of this work is to simulate linear and nonlinear behavior of a symmetric laminated composite under three-point bending tests. The modelization used is based on an analytical approximation that has been recently developed for isotropic materials. This approximation is still valid for the studied quasi-isotropic laminated composite because it is symmetric with a specific layer sequence. The overall response of laminate composite is determined from the behavior of each ply outside of their orthotropic axis. Two methods are used to calculate the equivalent longitudinal Young-modulus of the laminate. The result shows that when the deflection of the specimens is less than 2.5 times the thickness, the difference between the experimental and analytical curves is about 1% for the average global stresses method, and about 7.5% for the apparent bending modulus method. For large deflections, the difference relative to the first method remains less than 11% and the second method is about 20%."