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Abstrak :
Summary: Covers a spectrum of clinical options, that provide insightful coverage of pharmacology, physiology, co-existing diseases, and surgical procedures.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui "Efektivitas kateterisasi urin menggunakan jelly anestesi dan jelly biasa terhadap respon nyeri pasien laki – laki di RSUD Muntilan dan PKU Muhammadiyah DIY". Desain penelitian Quasi eksperimen; post-test only control group. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara nonprobability sampling dengan metode purposive sampling, Sampel penelitian berjumlah 30 responden yang terbagi dalam dua kelompok. Hasil uji statistik Mann–Whitney didapatkan angka significancy 0,000. Kesimpulan penelitian bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada skala nyeri keterisasi urin menggunakan jelly anestesi dan jelly biasa pada pasien laki - laki. Dari hasil penelitian, jelly anestesi direkomendasikan diberikan 3 menit sebelum pemasangan kateter urin laki - laki.

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This research aimed to show the effectiveness of urine catheterization using anesthetics jelly and water based lubricant for male patients’ pain response at RSUD Muntilan and PKU Muhammadiyah DIY. The research design used quasi experiment; post test only control group. Sample was taken by nonprobability sampling with purposive sampling method.In this study, there were 30 respondents which were divided into two groups. The Mann-Whitney test indicated a significant difference in urine catheterization pain score response using anesthetics jelly and common jelly for male patients. From this study, anesthetics jelly was recommended to use with 3 min delay following instillation of anesthetics jelly before urine catheterization for male patients.

Abstrak :
Buku yang berjudul "Handbook of local anesthesia" ini ditulis oleh Stanley F. Malamed. Buku ini membaha tentang anesthesi, neurophysiology, dan paharmacology.

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ABSTRAK
Pendahuluan: Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk mengetahui awitan dan durasi kerja lidocaine dalam larutan one-per-mil tumescent. Metode: Studi eksperimental dengan kontrol dan desain buta acak ganda (triple blind study) dilakukan pada 12 subjek sehat yang diinjeksikan larutan one-per-mil tumescent mengandung lidocaine 0,2% pada satu tangan atau lidocaine 2% pada tangan kontralateral. Awitan dan durasi kerja lidocaine diukur berkala dengan uji sensoris Semmes-Weinstein dan diskriminasi dua titik. Tingkat nyeri diukur dengan visual analogue scale (VAS) Hasil: Awitan tercepat pada grup lidocaine 2% tercatat pada menit ke 1 (rentang: menit ke 1 hingga 6). Awitan rata-rata pada grup larutan one-per-mil tumescent adalah 4.67 menit (± 2.53 menit). Durasi kerja lidocaine 2% adalah 95.58 menit (± 29.82 menit), sedangkan durasi kerja larutan one-per-mil tumescent adalah 168.5 menit (± 45.1 menit) dengan uji diskriminasi dua titik dan 186.83 menit (± 44.02 menit) dengan uji sensoris Semmes-Weinstein. Terdapat perbedaan awitan dan durasi kerja yang signifikan pada kedua grup. Tidak ditemukan perubahan sensibilitas ujung jari yang signifikan pada kedua grup pada saat sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Kesimpulan: Studi ini menunjukkan awitan dan durasi kerja lidocaine dalam larutan one-per-mil tumescent adalah rata-rata 4,67 dan 168,5 menit. Lidocaine 0,2% dalam larutan one-per-mil tumescent menghasilkan awitan yang lebih lambat dan durasi kerja yang lebih panjang dibandingkan dengan lidocaine 2%.

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ABSTRACT
Background: We aimed to profile the onset and duration of action of the lidocaine in one-per-mil tumescent solution. Methods: A controlled, prospective, and randomized triple blind study was conducted on both hand of 12 healthy volunteers who were injected in two consecutive days in his ring finger with either one-per-mil tumescent solution containing 0.2% lidocaine (experimental finger) in one hand or 2% lidocaine (control finger) in the contralateral hand. The onset and duration of action of lidocaine were measured over time by Semmes-Weinstein and two-point discrimination test. The level of pain was evaluated using visual analogue scale (VAS). Results: The fastest onset of action in 2% lidocaine group was in the first minute (range, minute 1 to 6). Average onset of action of one-per-mil tumescent solution was 4.67 minutes (± 2.53 minutes). Duration of action of 2% lidocaine was 95.58 minutes (± 29.82 minutes), meanwhile the duration of one per-mil tumescent solution was 168.5 minutes (± 46.4 minutes) by 2PD test and 186.83 minutes (± 44.02 minutes) by SW test. There were significant difference of the onset and duration of action of both groups. Fingertip sensibility before and after the intervention did not change significantly in both group. Conclusion: This study shows that the onset and duration of action of lidocaine in the one-per-mil solution injected in the finger using tumescent technique subsequently at 4.67 and 168.5 minutes in average. 0.2% lidocaine in one-per-mil tumescent solution produced slower onset and longer duration of action compared to 2% lidocaine.