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Abstrak :
Blockchain lahir dari ide untuk memecahkan masalah yang ditimbulkan oleh kebutuhan untuk tidak menggunakan pihak ketiga dalam suatu transaksi. Masalah yang terkait dengan hubungan antara blockchain dan perusahaan hukum adalah masalah penting. sistem yang dirancang dengan hati-hati dan tertutup menggunakan aplikasi opensource seperti Angular dan Firebase di mana nantinya aplikasi hanya hak istimewa operator diperbolehkan untuk membuat entri. otoritas publik dan pengacara perusahaan untuk mencurahkan sebagian waktu mereka untuk mengenal teknologi blockchain ini, setidaknya sebagai masa depan perusahaan hukum. Sebagai seorang pengacara diharuskan untuk dapat merubah sistem kovensional dengan konsep kontrak pintar dapat diadopsi kedalam sistem blockchain. Suatu tantangan dalam pengembangan sistem perusahaan hukum dimana harus memilih konsensus terbaik sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Selain daripada itu, perancangan sistem juga harus mempertimbangkan pada aspek performa dan keamanan dari sistem itu sendiri. Sehingga diperlukan suatu sistem yang dengan keamanan yang memadai(menjaga kerahasiaan), mudah dalam pengoperasian, performa aplikasi yang baik......Blockchain was born from the idea to solve the problems posed by the need not to use third parties in a transaction. Issues related to the relationship between blockchain and legal firms are important issues. a carefully designed and closed system using open source applications like Angular and Firebase where later only operator privileged applications are allowed to make entries. public authorities and corporate lawyers to devote some of their time to getting to know this blockchain technology, at least as the future of law firms. As a lawyer, you are required to be able to change the conventional system with the concept of smart contracts being adopted into the blockchain system. A challenge in the development of a legal firm system where one must choose the best consensus according to needs. Apart from that, system design must also consider the performance and security aspects of the system itself. So we need a system with adequate security (maintaining confidentiality), easy to operate, and good application performance.

Abstrak :
Flotation is an important process in mining industries. This process employs the bubble and hydrophobic properties of a particle to separate valuable mining particles from impurities. The most important phenomenon in determining flotation efficiency is the bubble-particle interaction; therefore, understanding this phenomenon is very important. The aim of this research is to study the mechanism of bubble-particle interactions with and without the addition of a collector. The experimental setup consists of a water container, bubble generator, particle feeding system, and an image capturing system. The water container is made from transparent material of a size large enough so that the wall?s effects on bubbles and particles can be neglected. Air bubbles are generated by a bubble generator which consists of a small nozzle and programmable syringe pump. A high speed video camera and halogen lamp backlighting system are used as image capturing devices. Observation of the images reveals that bubble-particle interaction follows the stages of bubble-particle collision, particle attached to the bubble, and particle detached from the bubble. The addition of a collector to the liquid affects the bubble-particle interactions.

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ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: IL-4 merupakan sitokin yang sangat penting dalam respon inflamasi, dimana polimorfisme genetik VNTR pada IL-4 intron 3 dapat memungkinkan penyakit bersifat inflamasi dan autoimun seperti cheilitis angularis. Tujuan: Untuk mempelajari distribusinya polimorfisme genetik VNTR IL-4 intron 3 pada subjek Indonesia yang mengalami cheilitis angularis dan pada kelompok kontrol yang sehat. Metode: Polimorfisme genetik VNTR IL-4 intron 3 diobservasi dengan menjalankan proses PCR diikuti oleh elektroforesis untuk analisis, tanpa penggunaannya enzim restriksi. Hasil: Frekuensi P2, alel polimorfik sangat rendah pada kedua kelompok dengan perbedaan yang sangat kecil 27 dari pasien cheilitis angularis dan 25 dari kelompok kontrol . Distribusi genotip polimorfik yaitu P1P2 dan P2P2 juga hampir sama di antara kelompok kasus 48 dan kelompok kontrol 46 . Kesimpulan: Polimorfisme genetik VNTR IL-4 intron 3 ditemukan pada pasien cheilitis angularis. Tidak terdapat perbedaan distribusi bermakna diantara pasien cheilitis angularis dan kelompok kontrol."

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" "ABSTRACT
" Backgrounds IL 4 is an important cytokine that plays a role in inflammation, where the IL 4 intron 3 VNTR polymorphism may lead to potential incidence of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases such as angular cheilitis. Objectives To study the distribution of IL 4 intron 3 VNTR polymorphism in Indonesian subjects with and without angular cheilitis. Methods IL 4 intron 3 VNTR polymorphism is observed by carrying out PCR method followed by electrophoresis for the analysis, without the usage of restriction enzyme. Results The frequency of polymorphic allele P2 was low on both the groups with a very slight difference 27 from the angular cheilitis patients and 25 from the healthy controls . The distribution of polymorphic genotypes, P1P2 and P2P2, was also almost even between the test group 48 and the control group 46 . Conclusion The polymorphism of IL 4 was found in angular cheilitis patients but in a very small quantity, and also no significant distribution difference was found between the angular cheilitis patients and the control group.

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ABSTRAK
Latar belakang: Keilitis angular dan glositis atrofi merupakan manifestasi di rongga mulut akibat kekurangan nutrisi mikro seperti zat besi, vitamin B2, vitamin B12, niasin, dan folat. Salah satu kelompok yang paling rentan mengalami kekurangan nutrisi mikro adalah kelompok anak-anak dalam masa pertumbuhan. Tujuan: Melihat status gizi, keadaan keilitis angular dan glositis atrofi pada murid sekolah dasar di Desa Setu, Kecamatan Jasinga, Kabupaten Bogor tahun 2018. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif menggunakan desain studi observasional cross-sectional dengan mengambil data langsung pada partisipan murid Sekolah Dasar di Desa Setu tahun 2018. Perhitungan status gizi menggunakan pengukuran antropometri dan penilaian keadaan keilitis angular dan glositis atrofi dengan pemeriksaan klinis. Hasil: Total partisipan yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi sebanyak 200 partisipan. Nilai status gizi sebanyak 155 (77,5%) partisipan adalah normal, 15 (7,5%) partisipan adalah kurus, 6 (3%) partisipan adalah sangat kurus, 14 (7%) partisipan adalah gemuk, dan 10 (5%) partisipan adalah obesitas. Partisipan dengan kelainan pada sudut mulut berupa keilitis angular berjumlah 6 (3%) partisipan. Partisipan dengan kelainan di dorsum lidah berupa glositis atrofi berjumlah 1 (0,5%) partisipan. Kesimpulan: Status gizi pada murid sekolah dasar di Desa Setu mayoritas memiliki status gizi normal dengan jumlah partisipan yang mengalami keilitis angular berjumlah 6 (3%) partisipan dan glositis atrofi berjumlah 1 (0,5%) partisipan.

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ABSTRACT
Background: Angular cheilitis and atrophic glossitis are manifestations in oral region due to lack of micronutrients such as iron, vitamin B2, vitamin B12, niacin, and folate. The group of children in their growth period is one of some groups that are the most vulnerable to micronutrient deficiencies. Objective: To observe nutritional status, angular cheilitis and atrophic glossitis on elementary school students in Setu Village, Jasinga District, Bogor Regency in 2018. Method: This research used descriptive study with cross-sectional observational design through taking direct data on the participants of children in 2018. The calculation of nutritional status uses anthropometric measurements and the assessment of angular cheilitis and atrophic glossitis by clinical examination. Result: The number of participants corresponding to the inclusion criteria was 200 participants. The nutritional status of 155 (77.5%) participants was normal, 15 (7.5%) participants was thin, 6 (3%) participants was very thin, 14 (7%) participants was fat, and 10 (5%) participants was obese. Participants with abnormalities on the corners of  the mouth in the form of angular cheilitis amounted to 6 (3%) participants. Participants with abnormalities on the dorsum of tongue in the form of atrophic glossitis amounted to 1 (0.5%) participant. Conclusions: The nutritional status of the elementary school students in Setu village, the majority had normal nutritional status with the number of participants with angular cheilitis 6 (3%) participants and glossitis atrophic 1 (0.5%) participant.

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Fiber Optic Gyroscope adalah sensor optik yang dapat menentukan posisi sudut gerak sebuah benda. FOG bekerja bedasarkan efek Sagnac, yang menyatakan bahwa pergeseran fase antara dua gelombang berlawanan merambat dalam interferometri cincin berputar, sebanding dengan putaran kecepatan sudut. Salah satu indikator performansi sistem pengukuran yang baik adalah memiliki noise yang kecil. Angle Random Walk adalah kontribusi noise terbesar pada nilai error. Dalam penelitian ini telah dilakukan estimasi noise dari ARW. Performansi OFOG berdasarkan ARW telah dijelaskan pada simulasi ARW berdasarkan emisi foton dan jumlah data cuplik per waktu. Pengaruh ARW terhadap performasi dijelaskan pada grafik PDF. Teknik mereduksi eror dari nilai ARW juga telah dipaparkan untuk meningkatkan performansi OFOG. Telah dibangun protipe OFOG, eksperimen non noise dan analisis koreksi data output melaui simulasi, dimana data output hasil eksperimen hampir sama dengan simulasi koreksi di L = 1,5 km. Nilai ideal rentang pengukuran prototipe OFOG pada 0-5,5 ?/detik, dan nilai ARW di 4,56 x 10-2 ?/ radic;detik.

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Fiber Optic Gyroscope is an optical sensor that can determine the position of the angle of motion of an object. FOG works based on the Sagnac effect, which states that the phase shift between two opposite waves propagates in the interferometry of the rotating ring, and proportional to the angular velocity. Goodness performance indicator of measurement system, is having a small noise. Angle Random Walk is the biggest noise contribution to the error value. In this research, noise estimation from ARW has been done. OFOG performance based on ARW has been described in the ARW simulation based on photon emission and the amount of data sampling per time. The effect of ARW on performance is explained on the PDF graph. Error reduction techniques from ARW values have also been presented to improve OFOG performance. Has developed OFOG prototype, non noise experiments and output data correction analysis through simulation, where the experimental output data is almost the same as the correction simulation at L 1.5 km. The ideal value of the OFOG prototype measurement range at 0 5.5 sec, and the ARW value at 4.56 x 10 2 radic sec.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan prototype awal Sistem Mobilisasi Tempat tidur rumah sakit semiotomatis dengan menggunakan omniwheel. Pada pengembangan awal ini, kami mengembangkan metode dengan pengendalian menggunakan keyboard, dan masih membutuhkan input dari manusia. Dengan sistem ini, tempat tidur rumah sakit dapat membantu proses pemindahan pasien yang terbaring di tempat tidur rumah sakit dari suatu tempat ketempat lain dengan jumlah tenaga manusia lebih sedikit dibanding kebutuhan normal yang membutuhkan 2-3 orang minimal untuk brankar, atau 4 orang untuk tempat tidur besar, melainkan dengan hanya membutuhkan 1 orang untuk mengendalikan tempat tidur menggunakan controller. Prototype awal ini dibangun dengan menggunakan brankar yang dimodifikasi dimana keempat rodanya masing-masing diganti dengan roda Omniwheel. Motor DC propulsi dilengkapi dengan sensor incremental rotary encoder sehingga pengendalian kecepatan putar roda dapat diatur. Performa alat ini diuji berupa pengujian respon kecepatan sudut ranjang rumah sakit dengan variasi beban dan tanpa beban. ......In this study, we developed an initial prototype of a semi-automatic hospital bed mobilization system by Omniwheel. In this initial development, we developed a control method using the Keyboard, and still requires input from humans. With this system, hospital beds can help the process of transferring patients who are lying in a hospital bed from one place to another with less amount of human labor than the normal need to move patients, namely 2-3 people for minimum gurney, and 4 people for beds big, with only need 1 person to control the bed using a controller. This initial prototype was built using a modified gurney in which all four wheels were each replaced with a Omniwheel drive module wheel which had 2 DC motors, namely for propulsion and steering. The DC propulsion motor is equipped with an incremental rotary encoder sensor so that control of the wheel rotational speed can be adjusted. The performance of the tool was tested by characterizing the results of the artificial module and the results of the PID tuning settings on the steering and propulsion, also the performance of this tool was tested in the form of testing the angular velocity response of a hospital bed with variations in load and without loadthe no-load method, and load.

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Pelensaan gravitasi (GL), sebuah aspek integral dari relativitas umum, sangat memengaruhi pemahaman kita model lubang hitam (BH). Singularitas terpusat akibat keruntuhan gravitasi merupakan hal yang fundamental karakteristik BH Meskipun demikian, eksploitasi elektrodinamika non-linier (NLED) mengungkapkan hal tersebut konsep tegas tentang non-singularitas. Kami terutama memfokuskan analisis kami pada penghitungan sudut defleksi dalam perkiraan medan lemah dan kuat, dengan sengaja mengecualikan konfigurasi ruangwaktu asli. Biasanya, kami menghubungkan geometri efektif foton ke NLED. Sebaliknya, foton bergerak melalui jalur efektif null geodesik yang sejajar dengan geometri metrik biasa. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa pada medan lemah, terdapat suku tambahan pada sudut defleksi dibandingkan dengan metrik Reissner-Nordstrom (RN). Jika dibandingkan dengan BH biasa, gambar tersier bergeser ke lokasi yang berbeda. Dalam medan kuat, sudut defleksi bertambah terhadap muatan listrik. Studi ini memberikan gambaran singkat mengenai temuan-temuan ini, mengkontekstualisasikannya dalam wacana rumit seputar singularitas dan GL BH.

 

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Gravitational lensing, an integral aspect of general relativity, profoundly impacts our understanding of black hole (B.H.) models. A centered singularity resulting from gravitational collapse is a fundamental characteristic of a B.H. Nonetheless, the exploitation of non-linear electrodynamics (NLED) divulges the emphatic concept of non-singularity. We primarily focus our analysis on calculating the deflection angle in the weak and strong field approximations, deliberately excluding the original spacetime configuration. Typically, we link the photon’s effective geometry to NLED. Instead, a photon travels through an effective null geodesic that aligns with the geometry of a regular metric. The results show that in weak fields, there is an extra term in the deflection angle compared to the Reissner-Nordstrom (R.N.) metric. When compared to a regular B.H., the tertiary image shifts to a distinct location. In a strong field, the deflection angle increases with respect to the electric charge. This study provides a concise overview of these findings, contextualizing them within the intricate discourse surrounding B.H.’s singularity and GL

Abstrak :
This book addresses a range of basic and essential topics, selected from the author's teaching and research activities, offering a comprehensive guide in three parts: Statics, Kinematics and Kinetics. Chapter 1 briefly discusses the history of classical and modern mechanics, while Chapter 2, presents preliminary knowledge, preparing readers for the subsequent chapters. Chapters 3 to 7 introduce statics, force analysis, simplification of force groups, equilibrium of the general coplanar force group, and the center of the parallel force group. The Kinematics section (Chapters 8 to 10), covers the motion of a particle, basic motion and planar motion of a rigid body. Lastly, the Kinetics section (Chapters 11 to 14) explores Newton’s law of motion, theorem of momentum, theorem of angular momentum, and theorem of kinetic energy. With numerous examples from engineering, illustrations, and step-by-step tutorials, the book is suitable for both classroom use and self-study. After completing the course, students will be able to simplify complex engineering structures and perform force and motion analyses on particles and structures, preparing them for further study and research. The book can be used as a textbook for undergraduate courses on fundamental aspects of theoretical mechanics, such as aerospace, mechanical engineering, petroleum engineering, automotive and civil engineering, as well as material science and engineering.

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Magnesium merupakan pilihan material yang dapat digunakan sebagai material implan tulang dengan karakteristik yang mirip dengan tulang, merupakan elektrolit normal dalam tubuh, memiliki harga yang ekonomis, dan bersifat dapat terdegradasi. Namun magnesium memiliki keterbatasan yaitu memiliki tingkat korosi yang tinggi. Untuk meningkatkan resistensi korosi dan memperbaiki sifat mekanis dikembangkan berbagai metode, salah satunya adalah proses Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP). Persyaratan utama sebagai material implan tulang adalah bersifat biokompatibel. Tujuan: Mengevaluasi karakteristik biokompatibilitas magnesium yang telah melalui proses ECAP secara in vitro. Metode: Karakteristik biokompatibilitas magnesium ECAP dievaluasi melalui uji toksisitas terhadap sel osteoblas menggunakan MTT Assay, analisis logam berat yang terkandung di dalamnya dengan perhitungan paparan akumulatif logam berat berdasarkan provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI), serta uji sterilitas setelah melalui proses sterilisasi menggunakan autoclave. Hasil: Tingkat proliferasi sel osteoblas dengan pemberian ekstrak magnesium ECAP lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Logam berat yang dihitung paparan akumulatifnya adalah aluminium, arsen, timbal, kadmium, dan merkuri. Paparan akumulatif logam berat 100% pada penggunaan magnesium ECAP 11,8297 g. Pada uji steriitas tidak ditemukan adanya pertumbuhan bakteri pada tiap tahapan pengujian. Kesimpulan: Magnesium ECAP bersifat tidak toksik, dan dapat merangsang pertumbuhan sel osteoblas dengan batas penggunaan maksimum 11,8297 g, serta steril. ......Magnesium is the choice of material for bone implant with characteristic similiar to the bone, one of the normal elctrolytes in the body, have economical price, and degradable. However magnesium has limitation which is high corosity rate. To improve corosion resistance and mechanical properties, many methods proposed, one of them is the Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP). The important requirement for bone implant material is biocompatible. Purpose: To evaluate the biocompatibility of magnesium through Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) process in vitro. Method: Biocompatibility characteristics of magnesium ECAP was evaluated by toxicity test using MTT assay, analysis of heavy metals in magnesium ECAP by accumulative heavy metal exposure based on provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI), also sterility test after sterilized using autoclave. Results: Cell proliferation rate in magnesium extract treatment group was higher than the control group. The heavy metals count for accumulative exposure were aluminium, arsenic, lead, cadmium, and mercury. Hundred percent of accumulative exposure was on the use of 11.8297 g magnesium ECAP. In sterility test there was no evidence of bacterial growth in every part of the test. Conclusion: Magnesium ECAP is not toxic and able to induce proliferation of osteoblast with maximum dose is 11.8297 g, and also proved sterile after sterilization using autoclave.