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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Nama : Ferry Ferdian NugrahaProgram studi : Farmakologi klinikJudul : Survei Penggunaan Antipsikotika Oral dan Haloperidol Dekanoat pada Pasien Skizofreniadi Instalasi Rawat Jalan Departemen Kesehatan Jiwa Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo Periode 1 Januari 2017 - 31 Mei 2018Terapi farmakologi dengan antipsikotika sampai saat ini merupakan salah satu pilihan utama dalam penatalaksanaan skizofrenia. Penelitian pada tingkat kepatuhan pasien untuk datang berobat, ketepatan dari pemilihan terapi, penentuan dosis terapi, lama terapi, efektivitas terapi, berapa banyak pasien yang mendapatkan terapi obat anti ekstrapiramidal, ketepatan dosis serta kombinasi dari penggunaan suntikan antipsikotik jangka panjang dan menilai berapa biaya yang dikeluarkan untuk terapi skizofrenia selama satu bulan serta analisa hubungan di poli jiwa rumah sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo belum pernah dilakukan. Penelitian retrospektif dengan menggunakan data rekam medis didapatkan 58 pasien yang dianalisis, di dapatkan data demografik terbanyak berjenis kelamin laki-laki 69 , usia 26 ndash;45 tahun 58,6 , belum menikah74,1 , jenjang pendidikan perguruan tinggi 1,7 , status tidak bekerja 36,2 , dan pasien dengan jaminan kesehatan nasional sebesar 75,9 , Data karakteristik klinik terbanyak pasien dengan diagnosis skizofrenia tipe paranoid sebesar 84,5 dengan lama menderita kelainan ini kurang lebih 5 tahun, tingkat kepatuhan dan remisi paling baik tampak pada pasien skizofrenia yang mendapat terapi antipsikotika oral. Data penggunaan obat di dapatkan cara pemberian monoterapi risperidon dan kombinasi haloperidol dengan klozapin, terapi obat anti ekstrapiramidal lebih dari 50 . Tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara kepatuhan dan remisi, sedangkan tampak ada hubungan bermakna antara dosis dan remisi P=0,019 . Kejadian efek samping merupakan faktor yang bermakna mempengaruhi kepatuhan pasien untuk datang berobat P=0,005 .

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ABSTRACT
AbstractName : Ferry Ferdian Nugraha Study Program : Farmakologi klinikTitle : A Survey of Oral Antipsychotic and Haloperidol Decanoate Long Acting Injection Usage in Out-Patient with Schizophrenia at Psychiatry Policlinic, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in The Period of January 1, 2017 - May 31, 2018Pharmacological therapy with antipsychotics is currently one of the main options in the management of schizophrenia. There was no study about patient compliance rates to come for treatment, accuracy of therapy selection, therapy dosage determination, length of therapy, effectiveness of therapy, how many patients received anti-extrapyramidal drug therapy, dosage accuracy and combination of long-term use of antipsychotic injections, cost therapy assessment of schizophrenia for one month and analysis of the relationship in the Psychiatric Policlinic of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.Retrospective study using medical record data obtained from 58 patients were analyzed. From demographic data, the majority of patients was men 69 , age 26-45 years 58,6 , single 74,1 , college education level 1,7 , unemployed status 36,2 , and national health insurance 75,9 . From clinical characteristic data, most patients were diagnosed with schizophrenia paranoid type 84,5 with duration of disorder was about 5 years. The level of compliance and remission is best seen in schizophrenia patients receiving oral antipsychotic therapy. From drug usage data, patients obtained monotherapy risperidon and combination therapy haloperidol and clozapine, anti-extrapyramidal drug therapy were more than 50 . There was no significant association between compliance and remission, while there was a significant association between dosage and remission P = 0.019 . The incidence of side effects was a significant factor which influenced patient compliance to come for treatment P = 0.005 .

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Antipsikotika dan Antikolinergik merupakan obat yang dapat menvebablan efek samping disfungsi ereksi. Selama ini, keluhan tentang disfungsi ereksi jarang dikeluhkan oleh pasien skizofrenia yang mendapatkan terapi. Di Amerika Serikat, didapatkan prevalensi 20-30% pada pasien skizofrenia yang diterapi. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efek samping disfungsi ereksi pada pasien skizofrenia yang mendapatkan terapi di RS Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo, RS dr Soeharto Heerdjan, RS dr Marzoeki Mahdi. Tujuan : Untuk mendapatkan prevalensi disfungsi ereksi pada pasien skizofrenia yang diterapi dengan antipsikotika dan antikolinergik, dan mendapatkan hubungan antara jenis, dosis antipsikotika, dan lamanya terapi dengan timbulnya disfungsi ereksi. Metodologi : Merupakan studi potong lintang yang melibatkan 48 responden yang menggunakan antipsikotika tipikal, dan 48 responden yang menggunakan antipsikotika atipikal. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu IIEF-5 (International Index of Erectile Function)-5 untuk mengetahui adanya disfungsi ereksi. Diagnosis skizofrenia berdasarkan pada diagnosis skizofrenia yang ditegakkan psikiater lain di rumah sakit setempat. - Hasil: Prevalensi disfungsi ereksi pada pasien skizofrenia yang mendapat terapi antipsikotika dan antikolinergik adalah 26%. Variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap timbulnya disfungsi ereksi adalah terapi tipikal yaitu sebanyak 3,5 kali lebiih banyak dari terapi atipikal. Dosis, lama terapi, pendidikan, usia, bekerja/tidak bekerja tidak bermakna secara statistik Simpulan: Didapat kesan bahwa antipsikotika mempunyai efek samping yang sama pada ras yang berbeda Keluhan disfungsi ereksi perlu ditanyakan dahulu oleh psikiater karena pasien jarang mengeluh tentang hat ini karena rasa malu. Rata kunci: pria penderita skizofrenia, disfungsi ereksi, antipsikotika, antikolinergik.

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Back ground : Erectile Dysfunction is a common side effect from antipsychotic and ant cholinergic. However, complain about erectile dysfunction is rare (underreporting) from the schizophrenics on therapy here. The prevalence of erectile dysfunction is about 20%-30% from the schizophrenics on therapy in the United States.4 The aim in doing this research is to know whether the schizophrenics on therapy in Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, dr Soeharto Heerdjan Hospital, dr Marzoeki Mahdi Hospital have the adverse effect of erectile dysfunction. Purpose: To study the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) in Schizophrenics on therapy, and the correlation between type, dose, and length of therapy with erectile dysfunction. Methodology : A cross sectional study of 48 respondents on typical therapy and 48 respondents on atypical theory , aged above 20 was conducted using the abridged , five item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). Presence of erectile dysfunction was defined as IIEF-5 score of less than or the same with 21. A Logistic regression model was used to identify significant independent risk factors for ED. The diagnosis of schizophrenia was established based on previous diagnosis from another psychiatrist at the respective hospital. Results: 26% male schizophrenics on antipsychotic and ant cholinergic therapy in Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, dr Soeharto Heerjan Hospital, dr Marzoeki Mahdi Hospital suffered from erectile dysfunction. The only significant variable for erectile dysfunction is type of therapy (first generation antipsychotic). The first generation antipsychotic cause erectile dysfunction 3,5 times more than the second generation antipsychotic. Dose, length of therapy, education level, age, and labour 1 unemployment is not significant statistically. Conclusion: There is an impression that antipsychotic has the same adverse effect toward different race. Psychiatrists need to be aware of a possible reluctance from the patients to discuss erectile dysfunction because it precipitates feeling of embarrassment and humility. Psychiatrists are encouraged to initiate discussions accordingly. Keywords: male schizophrenics, erectile dysfunction, antipsychotic, ant cholinergic.

Abstrak :
This volume will try to put current therapy, achievements, shortcomings, remaining medical needs and emerging new targets into the context of increasing knowledge regarding the genetic and neurodevelopmental contributions to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Some of the chapters will also deal with respective experimental and clinical methodology, biomarkers, and translational aspects of drug development. Non-schizophrenia indications will be covered to some extent, but not exhaustively.

Abstrak :
This volume tries to put current therapy - achievements, shortcomings, remaining medical needs - and emerging new targets into the context of increasing knowledge regarding the genetic and neurodevelopmental contributions to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Some of the chapters also deal with respective experimental and clinical methodology, biomarkers, and translational aspects of drug development. The volume concentrates on reviewing the ongoing research attempting to identify novel treatments for the cognitive deficits and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, which are not treated adequately by current antipsychotic medications.