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"At present time, the augmentation of "regionalism" has become a striking feature of international economic relations. The motives toward regionalism itself are complex: a belief that economic integration through regionalism is conducive to growth, disillusionment with the framework for global integration, or simply a defensive reaction to the formation or reinforcement of other trading blocs. Regionalism does not merely embrace economic perspective since it also emphasizes on the cultural, social, and political aspects of human existence. This writing calls for an analysis of the paths which Indonesia chooses in pursuing its policies and objectives in the greatly dynamic regionalism and international economic framework. This writing restricts its scope on three domains of observation: ASEAN, APEC, and G20 and beyond."

"Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh infrastruktur terhadap arus perdagangan ekspor dan impor sesama anggota ekonomi APEC. Dengan menggunakan model gravitasi dengan regresi OLS dan Tobit dan model seleksi sampel Heckman, didapatkan hasil bahwa pada anggota ekonomi APEC infrastruktur berpengaruh positif terhadap arus perdagangan antar anggotaanggotanya nya, baik ekspor maupun impor. Lebih lanjut, terdapat seleksi sampel pada penggunaan regresi OLS. Namun demikian, investasi infrastruktur pada anggota APEC tetap dapat meningkatkan arus perdagangan antar anggota APEC.

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This study is aimed at analyzing effects of infrastructure on bilateral trade flow of APEC economies members. With model of gravity equation in OLS, Tobit Regression and Heckman Selection Model, Infrastructure have positive effects on trade flow (export and import) between APEC economies. Furthermore, there are sample selection bias in estimating with OLS Model. However, infrastructure investment on APEC economy still can increase trade flow between its members."

"Ekonomi APEC belum menerapkan penurunan tarif secara progresif dalam pola perdagangannya. Hal ini dapat menghambat potensi perdagangan yang ada diantara ekonomi APEC. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melihat dampak penurunan tarif terhadap ekspor Indonesia ke ekonomi APEC menggunakan 2 metode yang berbeda. Metode Pertama menggunakan model gravitasi untuk melihat dampak penurunan tarif secara aggregat. Metode kedua menggunakan model SMART untuk melihat dampak penurunan tarif secara sektoral. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah tarif secara signifikan menghambat ekspor Indonesia secara aggregat dan sektoral, sehingga mengurangi potensi perdagangan yang terjadi antara Indonesia dengan ekonomi APEC.

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APEC economies have not had implemented progressive tariff reductions in trade patterns. This can hamper the existing trade potential among APEC economies. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of tariff reductions on Indonesian exports to the APEC economies using 2 different methods. The first method uses a gravity model to see the impact of tariff reductions in the aggregate level. The second method uses the SMART model to see the impact of sectoral tariff reduction in textile, electronic, and automotif sector. The results of this study showed tariff significantly inhibited Indonesian exports both on sectoral and aggregate level, thus reducing the potential for trade between Indonesia and APEC economies."