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Abstrak :
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi senyawa aktif dalam inhibitan arginase dari ekstrak etil asetat Caesalpinia turtuosa Roxb. Bahan dan metode : kulit batang Caesalpinia turtuosa Roxb diekstraksi menggunakan heksana, etil asetat, dan metanol. Dari delapan subfraksi etil asetat, sebanyak empat fraksi memiliki aktivitas penghambatan terhadap arginase pada konsentrasi 100 ppm sebesar lebih dari 50%. Subfraksi 3 dan 6 adalah dua subfraksi teraktif degan % inhibisi 90,72% dan 91,41%. Sebanyak lima senyawa berhasil diisolasi yaitu β sitosterol (senyawa 1) dan 2-hidroksietil-4-hidroksi-p-metoksi sinamat (senyawa 2) dari subfraksi 1; 2,3 dihidroksi-metoksi-benzoat (senyawa 3) dari subfraksi 3; C-7-glikosida, 4',5-diihidroksiflavanon (3-7)-4'-monohidroksiflavon (senyawa 4) dan asam 2,3,4-trihidroksi sinamat ( senyawa 5) dari subfraksi 6. C-7-glikosida, 4',5-diihidroksiflavanon (3-7)-4'-monohidroksiflavon (senyawa 4) dan asam 2,3,4-trihidroksi sinamat ( senyawa 5) diketahui memiliki aktivitas penghambatan arginase sebesar 70,08% dan 74,55% pada konsentrasi uji 100 ppm dengan IC50 sebesar 6,15 μg/mL dan 5,19 μg/mL. Senyawa 4 menghambat arginase secara inhibisi campuran. Kesimpulan: senyawa aktif yang memiliki aktivitas dalam inhibitan arginase yang diisolasi dari Caesalpinia turtuosa Roxb adalah C-7-glikosida, 4',5-diihidroksiflavanon (3-7)-4'-monohidroksiflavon (senyawa 4) dan asam 2,3,4-trihidroksi sinamat (senyawa 5)

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The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify active compounds in arginase inhibition from Caesalpinia turtuosa Roxb ethyl acetate extract. Material and method: Caesalpinia turtuosa Roxb bark was extracted using hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Of the eight ethyl acetate subfractions, four fractions had arginase inhibitory activity at a concentration of 100 ppm by more than 50%. Subfractions 3 and 6 are the two most active subfractions with 90.72% and 91.41% inhibition. Five compounds were isolated namely β sitosterol (compound 1) and 2-hydroxyethyl-4-hydroxy-p-methoxy cinnamon (compound 2) from subfraction 1; 2,3 dihydroxy-methoxy-benzoate (compound 3) of subfraction 3; C-7-glycoside, 4 ', 5-diihydroxyflavanone (3-7) -4'-monohydroxyflavone (compound 4) and 2,3,4-trihydroxy cinnamic acid (compound 5) of the 6. C-7-glycoside subfraction, 4 ', 5-diihydroxyflavanone (3-7) -4'-monohydroxyflavone (compound 4) and 2,3,4-trihydroxy cinnamic acid (compound 5) are known to have arginase inhibitory activity of 70.08% and 74.55% in the concentration of the test was 100 ppm with IC50 of 6.15 μg/mL and 5.19 μg/mL. Compound 4 inhibits arginase by mixture inhibition. Conclusion: The active compounds which have activity in arginase inhibition isolated from Caesalpinia turtuosa Roxb are C-7-glycoside, 4 ', 5-diihydroxyflavanone (3-7) -4'-monohydroxyflavone and 2,3,4-trihydroxy cinnamic acid.

Abstrak :
[Caesalpinia sappan L. lignum atau kayu secang adalah anggota suku Fabaceae. Kayu secang secara empiris dapat mengobati berbagai penyakit yang berkaitan dengan gangguan pembuluh darah. Penelitian sebelumnya menyatakan bahwa ekstrak kayu secang dapat menghambat aktivitas enzim arginase. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi senyawa dengan aktivitas penghambatan terhadap enzim arginase secara in vitro. Isolasi dilakukan berdasarkan bioassay-guided isolation dengan kromatografi kolom. Dari ekstrak etil asetat didapatkan subfraksi dengan potensi penghambatan terhadap enzim arginase, yaitu subfraksi J dan K yang masing-masing mempunyai nilai IC50 67,02 μg/mL dan 75,57 μg/mL. Identifikasi golongan senyawa menunjukkan subfraksi J dan K mengandung senyawa golongan flavonoid dan terpenoid. Dari ekstrak metanol didapatkan isolat dengan IC50 265,03 μg/mL. Hasil elusidasi struktur isolat dari data spektroskopi UV-Vis, IR, MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, dan 2D-NMR menunjukkan bahwa isolat tersebut adalah 2-(3,4-dihidroksifenil)-3,5,7-trihidroksikroman-4-on atau kuersetin.;Caesalpinia sappan L. lignum or kayu secang is the member of Fabaceae family. Kayu secang is empirically used as a treatment for various disease related to vascular dysfunction. Previous research reported that the extract of kayu secang was able to inhibit arginase enzyme activity. This research’s aim is to isolate and identicate compound with arginase inhibitory activity in vitro. Isolation is conducted based on bioassay-guided isolation by column chromatography. From ethyl acetate extract, potential inhibition of arginase enzyme activity was exhibited by subfraction J and K with IC50 67,02 μg/mL and 75,57 μg/mL, respectively. Identification showed that subfraction J and K contains flavonoid and terpenoid compounds. From methanol extract, there is an isolate with IC50 265,03 μg/mL. Structure elucidation by spectroscopy UV-Vis, IR, MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and 2D-NMR showed that the isolate is 2-(3,4-dihidroksifenil)-3,5,7- trihidroksikroman-4-on or quercetin;Caesalpinia sappan L. lignum or kayu secang is the member of Fabaceae family. Kayu secang is empirically used as a treatment for various disease related to vascular dysfunction. Previous research reported that the extract of kayu secang was able to inhibit arginase enzyme activity. This research’s aim is to isolate and identicate compound with arginase inhibitory activity in vitro. Isolation is conducted based on bioassay-guided isolation by column chromatography. From ethyl acetate extract, potential inhibition of arginase enzyme activity was exhibited by subfraction J and K with IC50 67,02 μg/mL and 75,57 μg/mL, respectively. Identification showed that subfraction J and K contains flavonoid and terpenoid compounds. From methanol extract, there is an isolate with IC50 265,03 μg/mL. Structure elucidation by spectroscopy UV-Vis, IR, MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and 2D-NMR showed that the isolate is 2-(3,4-dihidroksifenil)-3,5,7- trihidroksikroman-4-on or quercetin, Caesalpinia sappan L. lignum or kayu secang is the member of Fabaceae family. Kayu secang is empirically used as a treatment for various disease related to vascular dysfunction. Previous research reported that the extract of kayu secang was able to inhibit arginase enzyme activity. This research’s aim is to isolate and identicate compound with arginase inhibitory activity in vitro. Isolation is conducted based on bioassay-guided isolation by column chromatography. From ethyl acetate extract, potential inhibition of arginase enzyme activity was exhibited by subfraction J and K with IC50 67,02 μg/mL and 75,57 μg/mL, respectively. Identification showed that subfraction J and K contains flavonoid and terpenoid compounds. From methanol extract, there is an isolate with IC50 265,03 μg/mL. Structure elucidation by spectroscopy UV-Vis, IR, MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and 2D-NMR showed that the isolate is 2-(3,4-dihidroksifenil)-3,5,7- trihidroksikroman-4-on or quercetin]

Abstrak :
Arginase (L-arginine ureahydrolase) adalah enzim yang berperan dalam siklus urea. Arginase juga memainkan peran penting dalam produksi nitrat oksida (NO). Gangguan keseimbangan NO merupakan kontributor terjadinya gangguan fungsi endotel pembuluh darah. Senyawa fenol dan flavonoid diketahui mempunyai aktivitas penghambatan arginase. Genus Sterculia kaya dengan senyawa fenol dan flavonoid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan senyawa dari tanaman genus Sterculia yang mempunyai aktivitas penghambatan arginase. Penelitian diawali dengan skrining dari 5 tanaman genus Sterculia yaitu: S. macrophylla, S. comosa, S.parkinsonii, S.rubiginosa, S.stipulata. Bagian yang digunakan adalah daun dan kayu. Ekstrak diuji aktivitas inhibitor enzim arginase dan antioksidan dengan metode DPPH dan FRAP. Ekstrak yang aktif adalah ekstrak metanol kayu Sterculia comosa dan ekstrak metanol kayu Sterculia macrophylla. Ekstrak aktif dipisahkan dengan kromatografi kolom vakum menjadi fraksi. Tiap fraksi di uji aktivitas inhibitor enzim arginase dan antioksidan dengan metode FRAP dan DPPH. Fraksi dilanjutkan diisolasi menggunakan kromatografi kolom dan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis Preparatif sampai didapatkan isolat. Hasil isolat diidentifikasi dengan FTIR, 1H-NMR,13C-NMR, HSQC, HMQC, HMBC, LCMSMS. Sterculia comosa (kayu comosa/KC) didapatkan isolat KC4.4.6 asam (-)-2-(E)-kafeoil-D-gliserat, dan KC4.4.5.1 adalah asam trans-isoferulat, yang merupakan turunan sinamat. Sterculia macrophylla (kayu macrophylla/KM) diperoleh senyawa senyawa KM3.9.1 merupakan 3β-5α,6α-epoksi-3-hidroksi-7-megastigmen-9-on. Senyawa KM3.5.M merupakan asam pikolinat, dan Senyawa KM-1 merupakan campuran β-sitosterol dan stigmasterol. Hasil uji aktivitas inhibitor enzim arginase diperoleh nilai IC50 untuk isolat KM3.9.1: 59,31μg/ml, KM3.5.M: 73,98 μg/ml, KC4.4.6: 98,03 μg/ml, KC4.4.5.1: 292,58 μg/ml, dan KM1: 140,56 μg/ml, kontrol positif nor-NOHA: 3,97 μg/ml. Aktivitas antioksidan metode DPPH didapatkan nilai IC50 isolat KM3.9.1:92,60 μg/ml, KM3.5.M: 106,42 μg/ml, KC4.4.6: 48,77 μg/ml, KC4.4.5.1: 88,08 μg/ml dan KM1: 185,09 μg/ml, kontrol positif kuersetin: 5,63 μg/ml. Aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode FRAP KM3.9.1: 10,76 FeEAC (Mol/g), KM3.5.M: 5,79 FeEAC (Mol/g), KC4.4.6: 16,40 FeEAC (Mol/g), KC4.4.5.1: 15,79 FeEAC (Mol/g) KM-1: 11,89 FeEAC (Mol/g), kontrol positif kuersetin: 1201,61 FeEAC (Mol/g). Isolat KM3.9.1 (3β-5α,6α-epoksi-3-hidroksi-7-megastigmen-9- on) merupakan senyawa yang mempunyai aktivitas sebagai inhibitor enzim yang paling baik, sedangkan aktivitas antioksidan yang paling baik adalah isolat KC4.4.6/asam ()-2-(E)-kafeoil-D-gliserat Arginase (L-arginine urea-hydrolase) is an enzyme that plays a role in the urea cycle. Arginase also plays an essential role in the production of Nitric Oxide (NO). NO balance disorder is a contributor to the impaired endothelial function of blood vessels. Phenol and flavonoid compounds are known to have arginase inhibitory activity. The genus Sterculia contains rich of phenol compounds and flavonoids. This study aims to obtain compounds from the genus Sterculia which have arginase inhibitory activity. The study began with the screening of five plants of Sterculia genus: S. macrophylla, S. comosa, S.parkinsonii, S.rubiginosa, S.stipulata. The parts used are leaves and wood. The extract tested for the activity of arginase inhibitory activity and antioxidant by DPPH and FRAP methods. The active extracts were methanol extract of Sterculia comosa wood and methanol extract of Sterculia macrophylla wood. The active extract was separated by vacuum column chromatography into fractions. Each fraction tested for the activity of arginase inhibitory and antioxidant by the FRAP and DPPH methods. The fraction isolated using column chromatography and Preparative Thin Layer Chromatography until isolates obtained. The isolates identified with FTIR, 1H-NMR,13C-NMR, HSQC, HMQC, HMBC, LCMSMS. Sterculia comosa (comosa woods/KC) obtained isolates KC4.4.6/(-)-2-(E)-caffeoyl-D-glyceric acid., KC4.4.5.1 trans-isoferrulic acid, which are cinnamic. Sterculia macrophylla (comosa woods/KC) obtained compound: KM3.9.1 is a compound of 3β-5α,6α-epoxy-3-hydroxy-7- megastigmen-9-one. KM3.5.M is picolinic acid, and KM1 is β-sitosterol and stigmasterol. The results of arginase enzyme inhibitor activity obtained IC50 values for isolates KM3.9.1: 59.31 μg/ml, KM3.5.M: 73.98 μg/ml, KC4.4.6: 98.03 μg/ml, KC4.4.5.1: 292.58 μg/ml, and KM1: 140.56 μl/ml, positive control of nor-NOHA: 3.97 μg/ml. Antioxidant activity DPPH method obtained IC50 isolates KM3.9.1: 92.60 μg/ml, KM3.5.M: 106.42 μg/ml, KC4.4.6: 48.77 μg/ml, KC4.4.5.1: 88,08 μg/ml and KM1: 185.09 μg/ml. Quercetine as positive control: 5.63 μg/ml. Antioxidant activity with FRAP method KM3.9.1: 10.76 FeEAC (Mol/g), KM3.5.M: 5.79 FeEAC (Mol/g), KC4.4.6 of 16.40 FeEAC (Mol/g), KC4.4.5.1: 15.79 FeEAC (Mol/g) KM1: 11.89 FeEAC (Mol/g), quercetine: 1201.61 FeEAC (Mol/g). KM3.91 (3β-5α,6α-epoxy-3-hydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one) isolates was compound that have the best activity as enzyme inhibitor, while the best antioxidant activity was KC4.4.6/()-2-(E)-caffeoyl-D-glyceric acid.

Abstrak :
Flavonoid, senyawa polifenol yang banyak terdapat di alam yang diketahui memiliki aktivitas farmakologi sebagai antifungi, diuretik, antihistamin, antihipertensi, insektisida, bakterisida, antivirus, antioksidan, dan menghambat kerja enzim. Kulit batang Caesalpinia ferrea C. Mart dilaporkan memiliki kandungan flavonoid. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis aktivitas penghambatan enzim arginase dan penetapan kadar flavonoid total pada ekstrak kulit batang Caesalpinia ferrea C. Mart dengan metode kalorimetri AlCl3. Simplisia kulit batang Caesalpinia ferrea C. Mart diekstraksi bertingkat dengan metode refluks menggunakan tiga pelarut yang berbeda kepolaran yaitu n-heksana, etil asetat, dan metanol. Tiap ekstrak diuji aktivitas penghambatannya terhadap enzim arginase dan dilakukan penetapan kadar flavonoid pada ekstrak yang memiliki nilai inhibisi tertinggi. Ekstrak metanol menunjukkan penghambatan terhadap aktivitas enzim arginase 12,81 pada kadar 100 g/mL dan kandungan flavonoid 2 mgQE/g ekstrak. Hasil penapisan fitokimia pada ekstrak etil asetat kulit batang Caesalpinia ferrea mengandung flavonoid, tanin, saponin, steroid, dan terpenoid. Sedangkan ekstrak metanol kulit batang Caesalpinia ferrea mengandung flavonoid, tanin, saponin, dan steroid.

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Flavonoids, polyphenolic compounds that are ubiquitous in nature, has known pharmacology active as antifungal, diuretic, antihistamin, antihypertension, insecticide, bactericide, antiviral, antioxidant, and enzim inhibitor. Previous research showed that Caesalpinia ferrea C. Mart stem bark contain flavonoid compound. The research aimed to analyze arginase inhibitory activity and determination of total flavonoid content from Caesalpinia ferrea C. Mart stem bark by AlCl3 colorimetric method. Dried Caesalpinia ferrea C. Mart stem barks were successively extracted by reflux method using three solvent with gradient polarity n hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Each extract was tested for determining arginase inhibitory activity and total flavonoid content was conducted on extract with highest arginase inhibition. Methanolic extract showed arginase inhibitory activity of 12.81 at 100 g mL and flanonoid content 2 mgQE g respectively. Phytochemical screening shows that Caesalpinia ferrea stem bark ethyl acetate extract contains flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, and terpenoids, meanwhile Caesalpinia ferrea stem bark methanolic extract contains flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids.

Abstrak :
Penghambatan aktivitas enzim arginase memiliki peranan penting dalam mencegah beberapa penyakit yang berhubungan dengan pembuluh darah. Senyawa flavonoid pada genus Caesalpinia diketahui berpotensi dalam menghambat aktivitas enzim arginase. Caesalpinia tortuosa Roxb. merupakan salah satu tanaman genus Caesalpinia yang belum diketahui potensi penghambatannya terhadap enzim arginase. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji potensi penghambatan aktivitas enzim arginase secara in vitro terhadap ekstrak n-heksana, etil asetat, dan metanol kulit batang Caesalpinia tortuosa Roxb menggunakan microplate reader, penetapan kadar flavonoid total melalui metode kolorimetri AlCl3 serta penapisan fitokimia pada ekstrak teraktif. Hasil uji potensi penghambatan aktivitas arginase kulit batang Caesalpinia tortuosa Roxb. menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etil asetat dan metanol dapat aktif menghambat aktivitas enzim arginase dengan nilai IC50 berturut-turut 33,81 g/mL dan 11,58 g/mL. Ekstrak teraktif etil asetat dan metanol menunjukkan kadar flavonoid total masing-masing sebesar 7,41 mgQE/gram dan 5,052 mgQE/gram. Skrining fitokimia ekstrak etil asetat dan metanol menunjukkan positif terhadap flavonoid, tanin, dan saponin. Berdasarkan pengujian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etil asetat dan metanol kulit batang Caesalpinia tortuosa Roxb. memiliki potensi penghambatan aktivitas enzim arginase. Ekstrak etil asetat memiliki kadar flavonoid total terbesar. Kedua ekstrak teraktif etil asetat dan metanol mengandung senyawa flavonoid, tanin, dan saponin. ......Inhibition of arginase enzyme activity has an important role in preventing some diseases associated with blood vessels. Flavonoid compounds in Caesalpinia family known to potentially inhibit arginase enzyme activity. Caesalpinia tortuosa Roxb. is one of caesalpinia plants that havent been known the potential inhibition to arginase enzyme activity. This study aimed to examine the potential inhibition of arginase enzyme activity by in vitro method of n hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol Caesalpinia tortuosa Roxb bark extracts by microplate reader, determination of total flavonoid content through AlCl3 colorimetric method and phytochemical screening on the most active extracts. The test result from potential inhibition of arginase enzyme on Caesalpinia tortuosa Roxb. stem bark showed that ethyl acetate and methanol extracts could actively inhibit the activity of arginase enzyme with IC50 value respectively 33.81 g mL and 11.58 g mL. The most active extracts of ethyl acetate and methanol showed total flavonoid levels 7.41 mgQE gram and 5.052 mgQE gram, respectively. Phytochemical screening from ethyl acetate and methanol extracts showed positive for flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. Based on the test, it can be concluded that ethyl acetate and methanol extracts from Caesalpinia tortuosa Roxb. has potential inhibition of arginase enzyme activity. Ethyl acetate extract has the greatest total flavonoid content. The two most active extracts of ethyl acetate and methanol contain flavonoid compounds, tannins, and saponins.

Abstrak :
Kondisi disfungsi endotel disebabkan oleh menurunnya ketersediaan L-Arginin akibat meningkatnya aktivitas arginase dan stres oksidatif. Berdasarkan penggunaan tradisionalnya untuk memperlancar aliran darah, serta kandungan senyawa yang potensial sebagai penghambat arginase dan antioksidan, maka dilakukan pengujian aktivitas penghambatan arginase dan aktivitas antioksidan senggani Melastoma malabathricum L. Simplisia batang, buah, bunga, daun diekstraksi secara maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 70. Ekstrak teraktif penghambat arginase ditentukan nilai IC50, distandardisasi dan difraksinasi dengan n-heksan, etil asetat dan metanol. Ekstrak etanol 70 daun memiliki aktivitas penghambatan arginase tertinggi dibandingkan bagian tanaman senggani lainnya dengan nilai IC50 62,89 g/mL, serta mengandung senyawa identitas kuersetin 0,27. Fraksi etil asetat menghambat arginase dengan nilai IC50 21,24 g/mL, dan memiliki nilai IC50 4,95 ?g/mL untuk aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode FRAP dan 12,44 ?g/mL dengan metode DPPH. Kadar flavonoid total, fenol total dan kuersetin dalam fraksi etil asetat berturut-turut adalah 16,7; 37,91; dan 3,7 . Fraksi teraktif dalam menghambat arginase dan sebagai antioksidan dari ekstrak etanol 70 daun senggani adalah fraksi etil asetat. ......Endothelial dysfunction is primarily due to reduction in Nitric Oxide NO bioavailabilty caused by upregulation of arginase and oxidative stress. Based on traditional used for blood flowing, and potential compounds as arginase inhibitor and antioxidant, research on arginase inhibitory and antioxidant activity of Senggani Melastoma malabathricum L . has conducted. Stem, fruit, flower and leaf were extracted with 70 ethanol by maceration. The most active extract was determined for IC50 value, standardized, and fractionated with n hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. The most active extract on arginase inhibition compared to other parts of the plant was leaf extract with IC50 62,89 g mL, and 0,27 quercetin as marker compound. Ethyl acetate fraction inhibited arginase with IC50 value 21,24 g mL IC50 value 4,9 g mL for antioxidant activity by FRAP method and 12,44 g mL for antioxidant activity by DPPH method. Total flavonoid content, total phenolic content and quercetin content in ethyl acetate fraction was 16.7, 37.91, and 3.7 . The most active fraction on arginase inhibition and antioxidant activity from 70 ethanolic leaf extract of senggani was ethyl acetate fraction.

Abstrak :
Disfungsi endotel ditandai dengan penurunan ketersediaan nitrit oksida dalam tubuh sehingga dapat terjadi gangguan vasodilatasi. Aktivitas antioksidan dan penghambatan arginase diharapkan dapat memperbaiki kondisi tersebut. Daun Syzigium cumini (jamblang) diketahui mengandung senyawa-senyawa kimia yang aktif sebagai penghambat arginase dan antioksidan, namun belum ada penelitian yang mengevaluasi aktivitas penghambatan arginasenya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui fraksi aktif dari ekstrak etanol daun jamblang yang memiliki aktivitas penghambatan arginase dan aktivitas antioksidan. Daun jamblang dari tiga lokasi tumbuh diekstraksi menggunakan etanol 70%. Ekstrak teraktif yang menghambat arginase difraksinasi dengan n-heksana, etil asetat, metanol kemudian diuji penghambatan arginase dan uji antioksidan pada fraksi yang aktif menghambat arginase. Pada konsentrasi 50 µg/mL, penghambatan arginase oleh ekstrak daun jamblang sumber Tangerang, Sukoharjo, dan Bogor adalah 84,38; 83,05; 88,87% dan setelah dilakukan penghilangan tanin pada ekstrak didapatkan penghambatan arginase sebesar 48,32; 41,54; 76,03% yang aktivitasnya berkorelasi positif dengan kadar asam galat pada ekstrak. Fraksi etil asetat dari ekstrak etanol daun jamblang sumber Bogor menghambat arginase dengan IC₅₀ 46,96 µg/mL. Sedangkan fraksi metanol menghambat arginase dengan IC₅₀ 15,35 µg/mL dan setelah dilakukan penghilangan tanin menjadi 53,03 µg/mL. Fraksi etil asetat menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan 4,46 mmol FeEAC/g dengan metode FRAP dan IC₅₀ 102,52 µg/mL dengan metode peredaman anion superoksida. Fraksi metanol menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan 4,91 mmol FeEAC/g dengan metode FRAP dan IC₅₀ 86,67 µg/mL dengan metode peredaman anion superoksida. Fraksi etil asetat dan metanol dari ekstrak etanol 70% daun jamblang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dan penghambatan arginase secara in vitro. ......Endothelial dysfunction is characterized by low availability of nitric oxide, thus vasodilation impaired. Antioxidant and arginase inhibition activities are expected to improve endothelial dysfunction. Syzigium cumini leaves were known to contain phytochemicals that had arginase inhibitory and antioxidant activities, but no studies have evaluated its arginase inhibitory activity. The aim of this study was to to determine the active fraction from the ethanolic extract of S.cumini leaves that have arginase inhibitory and antioxidant activities. S.cumini leaves from three growing locations were extracted using 70% ethanol. The most active extract that inhibited arginase was fractionated using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol. Active fractions which inhibited arginase were tested for antioxidant activity. The leaves of S.cumini collected from Tangerang, Sukoharjo, and Bogor possessed arginase inhibition value 84.38; 83.05; 88.87% at a concentration of 50 µg/mL. After tannin removal on the crude extract, arginase inhibition activity decreased into 48.32; 41.54; 76.03%, respectively and showed correlation with gallic acid content of the extract. Ethyl acetate fraction inhibited arginase with IC₅₀ value 46.96 µg/mL, antioxidant activity with FRAP value 4.46 mmol FeEAC/g and IC₅₀ value 102.52 μg/mL for superoxide anion scavening. Methanol fraction inhibited arginase with IC₅₀ value 15.35 µg/mL and decreased into value 53.03 µg/mL after tannin removal from fraction, antioxidant activity with FRAP value 4.91 mmol FeEAC/g and IC₅₀ value 86.67 μg/mL for superoxide anion scavening. Both ethyl acetate and methanolic fraction were active fraction from S.cumini leaves hydroethanolic extract which possessed antioxidant and arginase inhibition activities in vitro.

Abstrak :
Penghambatan aktivitas arginase mampu mengatasi disfungsi endotelial pembuluh darah. Disfungsi endotelial dapat menyebabkan berbagai penyakit kardiovaskuler. Salah satu tanaman dari marga Caesalpinia telah terbukti dapat menghambat aktivitas arginase, namun belum ada penelitian terhadap Caesalpinia pulcherrima L. Sw. Pada penelitian ini, kulit batang Caesalpinia pulcherrima L. Sw. diekstraksi secara bertingkat dengan cara refluks menggunakan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat, dan metanol. Uji penghambatan aktivitas arginase dilakukan secara in vitro terhadap ekstrak kental dengan konsentrasi enzim 1 U/mL dan konsentrasi substrat 570 mM. Pengukuran produk dilakukan dengan microplate reader pada panjang gelombang 430 nm. Ekstrak metanol merupakan ekstrak teraktif pada uji tersebut. Nilai IC50 ekstrak metanol adalah 21,969 g/mL. Nilai tersebut lebih tinggi dari standar nor-NOHA asetat yang memiliki IC50 sebesar 3,994 g/mL. Penetapan kadar flavonoida total dilakukan pada ekstrak metanol dengan metode kolorimetri AlCl3. Ekstrak metanol memiliki kadar flavonoida total sebesar 3,943 mgQE/gram ekstrak. Hasil penapisan fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol mengandung golongan senyawa flavonoid, tanin, saponin, dan triterpenoid.

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Inhibition of arginase activity can ameliorate endothelial disfunction in vasculary system. Endothelial disfunction can cause some cardiovascular diseases. One of species from genus Caesalpinia have been proven can inhibit arginase activity, but there are no research on Caesalpinia pulcherrima L. Sw. yet. In this research, Caesalpinia pulcherrima L. Sw. stem bark was extracted by multistage reflux using solvents n hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Arginase activity inhibition test has been done in vitro using 1 U mL enzyme concentration and 570 mM substrate concentration. Product was measured by microplate reader at wavelength 430 nm. Methanolic extract is the most active extract for the test. IC50 of methanolic extract is 21.969 g mL that is higher from standard nor NOHA acetate which has IC50 value 3.994 g mL. The result of total flavonoida content determination by colorimetric AlCl3 of methanolic extract is 3.943 mgQE gram extract. Phytochemical screening shows that methanolic extract of Caesalpinia pulcherrima L. Sw. stem bark contains flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and triterpenoids.

Abstrak :
Caesalpinia coriaria Jacq. Willd. tanaman Dewi merupakan salah satu dari 500 lebih jenis suku Caesalpiniaceae. Penelitian kandungan fitokimia dan efek farmakologis terhadap jenis ini masih terbatas meskipun tanaman ini telah dimanfaatkan secara tradisional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi dari ekstrak kulit batang C. coriaria dalam menghambat aktivitas arginase. Simplisia kulit batang tanaman dewi diekstraksi bertingkat menggunakan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat, dan metanol secara refluks. Masing-masing ekstrak diuji penghambatannya terhadap aktivitas arginase dan dilakukan penetapan kadar flavonoid total serta penapisan fitokimia dari ekstrak yang memiliki aktivitas penghambatan. Hasil uji penghambatan aktivitas arginase menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etil asetat dan metanol dengan konsentrasi 100 g/mL memberikan rata-rata nilai penghambatan sebesar 14,43 dan 33,59 berturut-turut. Kandungan total flavonoid dalam ekstrak etil asetat dan metanol berturut-turut adalah 6,30 dan 7,75 mgQE/gram sampel. Pada penapisan fitokimia yang dilakukan, diketahui bahwa ekstrak etil asetat mengandung golongan senyawa flavonoid, tanin, saponin, dan steroid. Sementara, ekstrak metanol mengandung golongan senyawa flavonoid, tanin, dan saponin. Dari penelitian ini, disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak kulit batang C. coriaria memiliki potensi aktivitas penghambatan aktivitas arginase yang rendah.

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Caesalpinia coriara Jacq. Willd. Dewi tree is one of over 500 species of Caesalpiniaceae family with a very minimum research about its phytochemical content and pharmacological effect although it has been already used traditionally. This research aims to gain information about the potency of bark extract of Caesalpinia coriaria Jacq. Willd in inhibiting arginase activity. Bark of Dewi tree was extracted under reflux condition with n hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Each extract was tested its activity in inhibiting arginase activity. Total flavonoid and phytochemical content were determined from the most active extract. Arginase activity inhibition test showed that ethyl acetate and methanol extracts had an average inhibition value of 14.43 and 33.59 , respectively on concentration of 100 g mL. The total flavonoid content of ethyl acetate and methanol extract was 6.30 and 7.75 mgQE gram sample, respectively. In phytochemical screening test, the results showed that ethyl acetate extract contains flavonoid, tannin, saponin, and steroid. Meanwhile, methanol extract contains flavonoid, tannin, and saponin. The conclusion of this research is C. coriaria bark extracts had low potency of activity as arginase inhibitor.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Achyranthes aspera atau dalam Bahasa Indonesia biasa disebut Sangketan merupakan tumbuhan liar yang sering digunakan sebagai obat tradisional. Akar Achyranthes aspera ini dapat berkhasiat sebagai penyembuh luka dengan melibatkan peran arginase, arginin, dan metabolitnya yaitu nitrit oksida yang memengaruhi secara langsung proses penyembuhan luka tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi dari ekstrak akar Achyranthes aspera dalam menghambat aktivitas arginase. Simplisia diekstraksi secara bertingkat dengan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat, dan metanol dengan metode ultrasound-assisted extraction. Ekstrak yang dihasilkan dari masing-masing pelarut kemudian diuji penghambatannya terhadap aktivitas arginase menggunakan metode kolorimetri dengan microplate, lalu dilakukan penetapan kadar fenol total dan kadar flavonoid total. Uji penghambatan aktivitas arginase oleh ekstrak n-heksana, etil asetat, dan metanol pada konsentrasi 100 g/ml secara berurutan adalah 9,56; 17,58; dan 29,77; kandungan fenol total secara berurutan adalah 3,91; 4,83; dan 11,18 mgGAE/gram sampel serta kandungan flavonoid total secara berurutan adalah 0,29; 0,80; dan 0,88 mgQE/gram sampel. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak akar Achyranthes aspera memiliki potensi penghambatan aktivitas arginase yang rendah.

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ABSTRACT
Achyranthes aspera, or commonly called as Sangketan in Indonesian is a wild plant that is used as a traditional medicine. The roots of Achyranthes aspera can be used as a wound healer by involving the role of arginine and its metabolites, nitric oxide, that directly affect the wound healing process itself. The aim of this study was to determine the potential of Achyranthes aspera roots extract in inhibiting arginase activity. The simplicia is extracted using ultrasound assisted extraction method with n hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol solvent. Each extract from different solvents were tested for the inhibition of arginase activity using colorimetric method with microplate, determination of total phenolic concentration, and total flavonoid concentration. The results of inhibition test of arginase activity by n hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extract in sequence are 9.56, 17.58 and 29.77 at concentration of 100 g/ml the total phenol concentration in sequence are 3.91 4.83 dan 11.18 mgGAE gram of sample and the total flavonoid concentration in sequence are 0.29 0.80 and 0.88 mgQE gram of sample. From this research it can be concluded that Achyranthes aspera roots extract had low potency of arginase inhibitory activity.