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"The prohibition of forced displacement in international armed conflicts -- The prohibition of forced movement of civilians in non-international armed conflicts -- Case study : Israeli settlements, the separation wall and displacement of civilians in the occupied Palestinian territory -- Forced displacement as an international crime -- The protection of refugees under international humanitarian law -- Internally displaced persons as civilians in time of war -- International humanitarian law and the protection of refugee and IDP camps."

"In this evaluation of the international legal standing of the right to reparation and its practical implementation at the national level, Christine Evans outlines State responsibility and examines the jurisprudence of the International Court of Justice, the Articles on State Responsibility of the International Law Commission and the convergence of norms in different branches of international law, notably human rights law, humanitarian law and international criminal law. Case studies of countries in which the United Nations has played a significant role in peace negotiations and post-conflict processes allow her to analyse to what extent transitional justice measures have promoted State responsibility for reparations, interacted with human rights mechanisms and prompted subsequent elaboration of domestic legislation and reparations policies. In conclusion, she argues for an emerging customary right for individuals to receive reparations for serious violations of human rights and a corresponding responsibility of States."

"Since it first developed, the law of war has focused on protecting human beings. It prioritises human protection by controlling the conduct of belligerents in order to minimise human injuries and casualties.However, the consequences of war are seldom limited to human casualties. War also causes major destruction to the environment. This article shows that despite prioritising human protection, internationallaw provides a significant number of rules to protect the environment during armed conflicts. Contrary to claims that existing rules are insufficient, the law of war adequately safeguards the environment during armed conflicts by prohibiting certain military activities that may cause significant damage to the environment. Furthermore, there are peacetime regulations that may continue to bind belligerents in times of war."

"The Law of Armed Conflict: International Humanitarian Law in War introduces law students and undergraduates to the law of war in an age of terrorism. What law of armed conflict/​international humanitarian law applies to particular armed conflicts? Does that law apply to terrorists as well? What is the status of participants in an armed conflict? What constitutes a war crime? What is a lawful target and how are targeting decisions made? What are rules of engagement? What weapons are lawful and unlawful, and why? This text takes the reader through these essential questions of the law of armed conflict and international humanitarian law to an awareness of finer points of battlefield law. The U.S.-weighted text incorporates lessons from many nations and includes hundreds of cases from jurisdictions worldwide"

"Penelitian ini mengangkat peran organisasi perempuan Aceh di tengah konflik Aceh yang didominasi oleh kelompok laki-laki. Peran mereka adalah pemberdayaan perempuan, advokasi dan investigasi perempuan korban konflik. Selain itu, dilakukan pemberdayaan ekonomi, advokasi kebijakan, dan penanganan perempuan di pengungsian. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori Ethics of care dengan pendekatan kualitatif yang menggunakan metode wawancara mendalam dan analisis data sekunder.Narasumber penelitian sebanyak 15 organisasi yaitu Flower Aceh, KKTGA, YPW. MiSPI, RPuK, Daulat Remaja, Matahari, Balai Syura Inong Aceh, Data Lajuna. ORPAD, Srikandi Aceh, SpuRA, Lampuan Aceh, PIIA dan Perempuan Merdeka.Temuan lapangan menunjukkan bahwa peran mereka yang lebih dominan adalah menangani dampak konflik. Implikasinya adalah tercipta koalisi perempuan yang kuat di tingkat pusat dan akar rumput; pelibatan perempuan dalam kehidupan sosial dan politik mulai menjadi wacana, munculnya data perempuan sebagai korban konflik; lahirnya revisi kebijakan yang berperspektif perempuan, dan menawarkan alternatif lain dalam penyelesaian konflik Aceh, yaitu pendekatan kepedulian yang tidak melahirkan kekerasan.

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The Role Of Acehnese Women Organizations in Armed-Conflict Resolution in AcehThis research investigates the roles of non-governmental Acehnese women's organizations in handling the impacts of armed-conflicts in Aceh. Employing qualitative approach, data are gathered through in-depth interviews and secondary sources and are analyzed against Ethics of Care. Fifteen (I5) women's organizations are selected as subjects: Flower Aceh, KKTGA, YPW, MiSPI, RPuK, Daulat Remaja, Matahari, Balai Syura inong Aceh, Dara Lajuna, ORPAD, Srikandi Aceh, Spurs, Lampuan Aceh, PHIA, and Perempuan Merdeka.

The roles taken by these women's organizations among others are empowering women especially in terms of economics, investigating and advocating women victims of conflicts, taking parts in public policy making process, and tackling women's problems in refugee's (IDPs) camps. Study concludes that they are more intensely involved in addressing the various impacts of the armed-conflicts. This leads to a stronger coalition between women's organizations both in upper and grass root levels; emerging discourse on women's participation in social and political arena; availability of data of women as victims; more women's perspective policy-makings, and most important, the possibility of using Care approach instead of repressive and violent one to resolve the existing conflicts."

"Kebutuhan akan kriteria konflik bersenjata non-internasional di bawah hukum humaniter internasional menjadi semakin penting dalam lingkup konflik bersenjata karena meningkatnya prevelansi konflik bersenjata non-internasional. Berbeda dengan konflik bersenjata internasional, yang memiliki kewajiban perlindungan humaniter yang lebih komprehensif di bawah hukum humaniter internasional, konflik bersenjata non-internasional memiliki perlindungan humaniter yang jauh lebih sedikit, yang ditemukan di Pasal 3 Konvensi Genewa Tahun 1949 dan Protokol Tambahan II. Melihat meningkatnya jumlah konflik bersenjata non-internasional, penentuan sifat sebuah konflik bersenjata menjadi sangat penting untuk menerapkan perlindungan kemanusiaan yang sesuai. Oleh karena itu, skripsi ini akan membahas kriteria yang digunakan untuk menentukan keberadaan konflik bersenjata non-internasional berdasarkan Pasal 3 Konvensi Genewa Tahun 1949, Protokol Tambahan II, dan yurisprudensi pengadilan-pengadilan pidana internasional, termasuk ICTY, ICTR, SCSL, dan ICC. Dengan mengevaluasi instrument-instrumen tersebut dan penerapannya dalam yurisprudensi, skripsi ini bertujuan untuk memperjelas kriteria yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi keberadaan konflik bersenjata non-internasional guna menentukan perlindungan kemanusiaan yang berlaku.

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The need for a clearly defined threshold of non-international armed conflict under international humanitarian law has become has become increasingly important in the landscape of armed conflicts due to the increasing prevalence of non-international armed conflicts. Unlike international armed conflicts that enjoys a more comprehensive humanitarian obligations under international humanitarian law, non-international armed conflict enjoys far less humanitarian protections that are mainly found in Common Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and its Additional Protocol II. Given the increasing numbers of non-international armed conflicts, determining the nature of an armed conflict is essential to apply the appropriate humanitarian protections. Therefore, this thesis shall assess the threshold used for determining the existence of a non-international armed conflict under Common Article 3, Additional Protocol II, and the case laws of international criminal tribunals, including the ICTY, ICTR, SCSL, and the ICC. By assessing such instruments and their application in case laws, this thesis aims to clarify the threshold used to identify the existence of a non-international armed conflict in order to determine the applicable humanitarian protections. "

"Ketentuan-ketentuan mengenai perlindungan benda budaya pada masa konflik bersenjata dapat ditemukan dalam Convention IV respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land, Convention IV relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War dan kedua protokol tambahannya, serta Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict dan kedua protokolnya. Ketiga perangkat instrumen hukum humaniter internasional di atas memuat kewajiban negara untuk menghormati benda budaya pada masa konflik bersenjata. Beberapa prinsip dasar di dalamnya diakui sebagai hukum kebiasaan internasional. Penerapan dari ketentuanketentuan hukum internasional terkait benda budaya dapat dilihat dengan menelaah praktik International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. Dua kasusnya, yakni Prosecutor v. Miodrag Jokic dan Prosecutor v. Pavle Strugar, menunjukkan pelaksanaan proses peradilan terhadap pelaku dalam penghancuran Kota Tua Dubrovnik.

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The rules on the protection of cultural property during armed conflicts can be found in Convention IV respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land, Convention IV relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War and its two additional protocols, as well as Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict and its two protocols. These three sets of international treaties govern a state?s obligations concerning respect towards cultural property in times of armed conflict. Several provisions contained therein are acknowledged as customary international law. The implementation of the rules in international humanitarian law concerning cultural property can be seen by inspecting the practice of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. Its two cases, namely Prosecutor v. Miodrag Jokic and Prosecutor v. Pavle Strugar, illustrates the judicial process involved in convicting perpetrators responsible for the destruction of the Old City of Dubrovnik."

"The book examines commonalities and differences in the operation of various structures of power (gender, class, race/ethnicity, generation) and their interactions within the institutional domains of intra-national and especially inter-national migration that produce context-specific forms of social injustice. Additional contributions have been included so as to cover issues of legal liminality and how the social construction of not only femininity but also masculinity affects all migrants and all women. The resulting set of 19 detailed, interconnected case studies makes a valuable contribution to reorienting our perceptions and values in the discussions and decision-making concerning migration, and to raising awareness of key issues in migrants’ rights."