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Abstrak :
Kebakaran hutan dan lahan menghasilkan asap yang diketahui mengandung Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH). Efek adanya kerusakan oksidatif pada DNA akibat paparan asap kebakaran hutan dan lahan terhadap risiko kanker diselidiki melalui deteksi biomarker 8-Hidroksi-2’-Deoksiguanosin (8-OHdG) dan 1-Hidroksipiren (1- OHP), metabolit utama piren, sebagai indikator paparan PAH dalam urin. Analisis biomarker paparan PAH dalam urin 24 jam dilakukan secara acak dalam suatu populasi di Kota Dumai, Provinsi Riau. Kandungan 8-OHdG dalam sampel urin dianalisis menggunakan HPLC detektor UV dengan fasa gerak buffer natrium fosfat 0,1 M pH 6,7 dan metanol (85:15, v/v). Sementara, kandungan 1-OHP dalam urin dideteksi menggunakan HPLC detektor flourosens dengan eluen metanol dan air (60:40, v/v). Analisis kedua senyawa tersebut dilakukan dengan kromatografi fasa terbalik mode isokratik. Hasil pengujian menunjukan bahwa 8-OHdG terdeteksi pada seluruh sampel dalam rentang konsentrasi 25,29 g/L hingga 2,16 mg/L urin (n = 11), lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan konsentrasi 8-OHdG dalam urin individu sehat (1,42 μg/L – 4,25 μg/L). 1-OHP dalam urin juga terdeteksi dalam empat dari lima sampel yang diuji, menandakan bahwa terdapat potensi besar kerusakan oksidatif DNA akibat paparan PAH......orest fires generate woodsmoke that contain Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH). The effect of DNA oxidative damage due to woodsmoke exposure on cancer risk can be investigated through the detection of urinary 8-Hydroxy-2’-Deoxyguanosin (8-OHdG) and 1-Hydroxypyrene, main metabolite of pyrene, as indicators of PAH exposure. Analysis biomarkers of PAH exposure in 24 hours urine was performed within a population randomized in Dumai City, Riau Province. The 8-OHdG levels in urine samples were analyzed by using HPLC with UV detector using sodium phosphate buffer 0.1 M pH 6.7 and methanol (85:15, v/v) as mobile phase. Meanwhile, 1-OHP levels in urine was detected by using a HPLC with fluorosens detector using methanol and water (60:40, v/v) eluent. Analysis of both compounds was performed by reverse phase chromatography with isoratic mode. The results showed that 8-OHdG was detected in all samples with concentration range of 25.29 μg/L to 2.16 mg/L urine (n = 11), higher than urinary 8-OHdG of health person (1,42 μg/L – 4,25 μg/L). Urinary 1- OHP was also detected in four of five samples. It indicates that there was a high potential of DNA damage caused by PAH exposure

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Several harbours in North Jakarta have been polluted by spills of oil and their derivates. We suggest that diverse species of crude oil and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria inhabit these harbours. An experiment was undertaken in 2007 to isolate crude oil and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading bacteria from oil-polluted harbours, such as Muara Baru, Sunda Kelapa and Tanjung Priok. Sea water and sediment samples were collected twice, in March and April. Crude oil and PAH-degrading bacteria were isolated from enrichment culture of samples in an enrichment medium (SWP), using ONR7a medium with the addition of 5 types of PAH gases or Arabian Light Crude Oil 210 (ALCO 210) onto medium. This study reported that fluoranthene and crude oil-degrading bacteria were the major bacteria isolated from the three polluted harbours. In total, 109 isolates have been collected which can degrade crude oil (29% of total isolates), fluoranthene (33%), fluorene (20%), pyrene (7%), dibenzothiopene (6%), and phenantrene (5 %). Cultivable bacteria have been isolated mostly from the Sunda Kelapa samples, with fewer in those from Muara Baru and Tanjung Priok, respectively. Among these isolates, 5 isolates have the capability to degrade 5 types of PAH and ALCO 210. They were Alcanivorax sp. B-1084, Pseudomonas sp. D5-38b, Alcanivorax sp. TE-9, Bacillus sp. L41, Alcanivorax dieselolei strain B-5 clone 1.

Abstrak :
Gliserol merupakan senyawa organik yang dihasilkan dari trigliserida. Konversi gliserol menjadi hidrokarbon aromatik dapat meningkatkan nilai jual gliserol. Uji reaksi gliserol menjadi hidrokarbon aromatik berkatalis zeolit sintesis dilakukan dengan variasi suhu reaksi dan jenis zeolit sintesis yang digunakan. Zeolit disintesis menggunakan 20% template MDEA, EDA, dan ALS menghasilkan luas permukaan masing-masing sebesar 163,550, 30,116, dan 16,388 m2/g dengan rasio massa katalis: umpan 1:3. Uji reaksi katalitik gliserol dengan zeolit sintesis dilakukan dengan variasi suhu reaksi 420, 440, 460, dan 480 menghasilkan persen konversi gliserol dan persen selektivitas hidrokarbon aromatik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan gliserol menjadi hidrokarbon aromatik untuk menghasilkan senyawa aditif menggunakan katalis hasil sintesis dapat dilakukan. Hasil konversi dan selektivitas paling tinggi didapat pada kondisi suhu reaksi 480 dengan menggunakan zeolit sintesis template 20% MDEA. Persen konversi mencapai 84% dan persen selektivitas hidrokarbon mencapai 12%. ......Glycerol is an organic compound which is produced from triglycerides. Conversion into aromatic hydrocarbons can increase the sale value of glycerol. Reaction test of glycerol reaction conversion into aromatic hydrocarbons catalyzed with various synthesic zeolite with the variation of temperature is conducted. Zeolite was synthesized using 20% MDEA, 20% EDA, and 20% ALS templates producing surface area 163,550, 30,116, and 16,388 m2/g respectively. Catalytic reaction test of glycerol with synthetic zeolite was carried out with variations of temperature 420, 440, 460, and 480 ℃ and with a mass ratio of catalyst: feed 1:3 resulting in the percent conversion of glycerol and percent selectivity of aromatic hydrocarbons. The results of this study indicate that the use of glycerol to obtain aromatic hydrocarbons is viable. Conversion and selectivity results obtained at the highest temperature of the reaction conditions of 480 ℃ using zeolite synthesis templates 20% MDEA. Percent conversion obtained was 84% and the percent of aromatic hydrocarbon selectivity reached 12%.