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"Di Indonesia, masalah gizi buruk masih sangat memprihatinkan dan salah satu daerah dengan status gizi buruk terbanyak adalah Nusa Tenggara Timur NTT. Salah satu desa di NTT yang juga merupakan desa miskin dan sulit air adalah Desa Pero Konda di Sumba Barat Daya. Oleh karena itu, diduga banyak kejadian kekurangan gizi pada daerah tersebut sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan status gizi dengan asupan protein pada anak usia 2-12 tahun di Desa Pero Konda. Desain penelitian ini adalah potong lintang analitik. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer. Data diambil melalui pengukuran berat badan dan tinggi badan, serta dengan bantuan instrumen kuesioner food recall 24 jam. Status gizi ditentukan berdasarkan Kurva CDC-2000 dengan indeks berat badan menurut usia BB/U, tinggi badan menurut usia TB/U, dan berat badan menurut tinggi badan BB/TB. Setelah itu, data diolah dengan SPSS versi 20 dan dianalisis dengan uji chi-square. Terdapat 99 responden pada penelitian ini. Hasilnya menunjukkan terdapat 52 orang responden perempuan 52,5 dan 47 orang responden laki-laki 47,5. Dari hasil pengukuran status gizi berdasarkan indeks BB/U, TB/U, dan BB/TB didapatkan 57 responden 57,6 berperawakan kurus, 33 responden 33,3 berperawakan pendek, dan 34 responden 34,3 memiliki status gizi kurang. Sebanyak 34 responden 34,3 memiliki asupan protein yang cukup dan 65 responden 65,7 memiliki asupan protein kurang. Berdasarkan anamnesis food recall, asupan protein terbanyak didapat dari protein hewani cumi dan ikan. Pada uji chi-square, tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kecukupan asupan protein dengan status gizi berdasarkan indeks BB/U, TB/U, dan BB/TB. Disimpulkan, status gizi pada anak di Desa Pero Konda tergolong kurang dan tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik dengan asupan protein.

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In Indonesia, undernourished is still become a concern problem and province which has the most undernourished children is Nusa Tenggara Timur NTT. One of its village where poverty and lack of water are common is Pero Konda at Sumba Barat Daya. Based on the data, a study needs to be done. This study aims to evaluate the association between protein intake with the nutritional status of children age 2-12 years old in Pero Konda. Analytic cross sectional studies using primary data was used in this study. The weight and height of the children were measured, and the 24 hour food recall was gathered through questionnaire. Nutritional statuses were assessed using curve of CDC 2000 grow chart with weighth for age index W/A, height for age index H/A, and weight for height index W/H. After that, the data processed using SPSS version 20 and analyzed with chi square test. There were 99 respondent in this study. The results showed there were 52 girl respondents 52,5 and 47 boy respondents 47,5. Based on the results of nutritional statusses rsquo measures using W/A, H/A, and W/H index, there were 57 respondent 57,6 wasting, 33 respondent 33,3 stunting, and 34 respondent 34,3 undernourished. A total of 34 respondents 34,3 had adequate protein intake and 65 respondents 65,7 have poor protein intake. Based on the anamnesis food recall, the highest protein sources were from animal protein squid and fish. In the chi square test, there are no significant differences between the protein intake and nutritional status based on W/A, H/A, and W/H index. In conclusion, the nutritional status of children in Pero Konda was considered undernourished and there was no statistically significant association with protein intake."

"Kegemukan dan obesitas selama masa remaja dapat menyebabkan banyak risiko kesehatan, termasuk peningkatan risiko diabetes, hipertensi, penyakit kardiovaskular, osteoartritis, stroke, dan jenis kanker tertentu. Prevalensi kelebihan berat badan dan obesitas di kalangan remaja di DKI Jakarta pada 2018 adalah 13,5%. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor dominan terkait dengan terjadinya kelebihan berat badan dan obesitas. Sebuah studi cross sectional dilakukan pada 150 peserta dari kelas 10 dan 11. Data diperoleh dengan mengukur berat dan tinggi badan, kuesioner yang dikelola sendiri, dan wawancara penarikan makanan 24 jam. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode univariat, bivariat (uji chi square dan t independen), dan multivariat (regresi logistik biner). Prevalensi kelebihan berat badan dan obesitas di antara responden adalah 35,3%. Berdasarkan hasil dari analisis multivariat, faktor dominan yang berhubungan dengan terjadinya kelebihan berat badan dan obesitas adalah aktivitas fisik. Siswa yang memiliki tingkat aktivitas fisik rendah 6,9 lebih cenderung kelebihan berat badan dan obesitas daripada siswa yang memiliki tingkat aktivitas fisik yang tinggi. Peneliti menyarankan untuk melakukan pemantauan rutin status gizi, pendidikan kesehatan dan gizi, meningkatkan aktivitas fisik dan manajemen stres di sekolah.

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Overweight and obesity during adolescence can cause many health risks, including an increased risk of diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, osteoarthritis, stroke, and certain types of cancer. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents in DKI Jakarta in 2018 is 13.5%. The main purpose of this study is to determine the dominant factors associated with the occurrence of overweight and obesity. A cross sectional study was conducted on 150 participants from grades 10 and 11. Data were obtained by measuring weight and height, a self-administered questionnaire, and a 24-hour food withdrawal interview. Data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate (chi square and independent t test), and multivariate (binary logistic regression) methods. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among respondents was 35.3%. Based on the results of multivariate analysis, the dominant factor associated with overweight and obesity is physical activity. Students who have a low level of physical activity are 6.9 more likely to be overweight and obese than students who have a high level of physical activity. Researchers suggest doing routine monitoring of nutritional status, health education and nutrition, increasing physical activity and stress management in schools."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungandengan dengan kejadian underweight pada anak berusia 24-30 bulan berdasarkan faktorresikonya, seperti: asupan gizi, riwayat penyakit infeksi, riwayat BBLR, pola asuh, dankarakteristik keluarga di Kelurahan Jatinegara dan Pulogebang, Kecamatan Cakung, KotaJakarta Timur pada tahun 2019. Penelitian dilakukan dengan desain studi potong lintangdan menggunakan data sekunder yang diambil pada bulan Mei 2019 dengan jumlahresponden sebanyak 221 orang. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji chisquare untuk data kategorik dan uji mann whitney untuk data numerik tidak terdistribusinormal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 16,7% anak berusia 24-30 bulanmengalami underweight. Analisis bivariat dengan menunjukkan bahwa terdapathubungan yang signifikan antara kejadian underweight dengan asupan energi, asupanprotein, dan asupan vitamin A pada anak berusia 24-30 bulan di Kecamatan CakungJakarta Timur pada tahun 2019.

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This study aims to determine the description and factors associated with the incidence of underweight in children aged 24-30 months based on risk factors, such as: nutritional intake, history of infectious diseases, history of low birth weight, feeding practices, and family characteristics in Jatinegara and Pulogebang Villages, Cakung Subdistrict, East Jakarta in 2019. The research was conducted with a cross-sectional design and used secondary data taken in May 2019 with a total of 221 respondents. Data analysis was performed using the chi square test for categorical data and the Mann Whitney test for non-normally distributed numerical data. The results showed that as many as 16.7% of

children aged 24-30 months were underweight. Bivariate analysis showed that there was

a significant relationship between the incidence of underweight and energy intake, protein intake, and vitamin A intake in children aged 24-30 months in Cakung District, East Jakarta in 2019."

"[ABSTRAKMenurut beberapa studi penelitian yang dilakukan, kejadian hiperurisemia sering terjadi pada pekerja pabrik, terkhusus pekerja pabrik yang bekerja di lingkungan kerja panas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara usia, status gizi (IMT), asupan gizi (purin dan protein), merokok, konsumsi air putih, konsumsi alkohol, konsumsi kopi, konsumsi soft drinks, dan suhu lingkungan kerja dengan kejadian hiperurisemia pada pekerja pabrik PT. X Cikarang tahun 2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional dengan metode sampel acak sederhana (simple random sampling). Sampel yang diteliti adalah pekerja pabrik PT. X Cikarang dengan total 152 sampel. Data dikumpulkan dengan cara pengumpulan data rekam medis dan pencatatan suhu lingkungan kerja pabrik, serta pengisian kuesioner mandiri dan wawancara FFQ semikuantitatif. Hasil uji chi square menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara IMT, asupan protein hewani dan konsumsi air putih dengan kejadian hiperurisemia (p-value< 0,05). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat 23% pekerja pabrik mengalami hiperurisemia.

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ABSTRACTAccording to several researches, hyperuricemia frequently occur in factory workers, especially those working in high temperature. This research has purpose to know the association between age, Body Mass Index (BMI), nutrition intake (purine and protein), smoking, water intake, alcohol intake, coffe intake, softdrinks intake and working enviroment temperature with hyperuricemia on workers at PT. X Cikarang 2015. This research is using study methode cross sectional with simple random sampling. The samples are research are the workers at PT. X Cikarang with 152 samples. The data is collected with collecting medical record data and factory working enviromental temperature, also doing self quesioner and semiquantitative FFQ interviewing. Chi square test result is showing there are significant relation between BMI, animal protein intake and water intake with hyperuricemia (p value <0,05). It can be conclude that 23% factory workers has hyperuricemia.;According to several researches, hyperuricemia frequently occur in factory workers, especially those working in high temperature. This research has purpose to know the association between age, Body Mass Index (BMI), nutrition intake (purine and protein), smoking, water intake, alcohol intake, coffe intake, softdrinks intake and working enviroment temperature with hyperuricemia on workers at PT. X Cikarang 2015. This research is using study methode cross sectional with simple random sampling. The samples are research are the workers at PT. X Cikarang with 152 samples. The data is collected with collecting medical record data and factory working enviromental temperature, also doing self quesioner and semiquantitative FFQ interviewing. Chi square test result is showing there are significant relation between BMI, animal protein intake and water intake with hyperuricemia (p value <0,05). It can be conclude that 23% factory workers has hyperuricemia., According to several researches, hyperuricemia frequently occur in factory workers, especially those working in high temperature. This research has purpose to know the association between age, Body Mass Index (BMI), nutrition intake (purine and protein), smoking, water intake, alcohol intake, coffe intake, softdrinks intake and working enviroment temperature with hyperuricemia on workers at PT. X Cikarang 2015. This research is using study methode cross sectional with simple random sampling. The samples are research are the workers at PT. X Cikarang with 152 samples. The data is collected with collecting medical record data and factory working enviromental temperature, also doing self quesioner and semiquantitative FFQ interviewing. Chi square test result is showing there are significant relation between BMI, animal protein intake and water intake with hyperuricemia (p value <0,05). It can be conclude that 23% factory workers has hyperuricemia.]"

"Kolonisasi Bifidobacterium merupakan bakteri komensal yang baik untuk perkembangan dan kolonisasi awal mikrobiota janin. Jumlah Bifidobacterium dapat dipengaruhi oleh asupan protein ibu selama hamil. Penelitian potong lintang ini dilakukan di seluruh puskesmas kecamatan di Jakarta Timur mulai bulan Februari hingga April 2015 dengan subjek ibu hamil berusia 19 - 44 tahun dan usia kehamilan 32 - 37 minggu. Data asupan protein didapatkan dengan metode 2-day repeated 24 hour food recall, selain itu dinilai juga rasio asupan nabati- hewani menggunakan metode semi quantitative - food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). Analisis feses dilakukan pada 52 subjek menggunakan metode real time-polymerase chain reaction (rPCR). Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan terdapat korelasi positif lemah tidak bermakna antara asupan protein dengan jumlah Bifidobacterium (r = 0,132, p >0,05), sehingga penelitian ini belum dapat membuktikan adanya korelasi antara asupan protein dengan jumlah Bifidobacterium pada ibu hamil trimester ketiga.

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Bifidobacterium is a commensal bacteria that are beneficial for the development and early colonization of microbiota on fetus. The amount of Bifidobacterium can be influenced by maternal protein intake during pregnancy. A cross-sectional study had been conducted in all primary health care in East Jakarta Subdistrict, from February to April 2015. Subjects of the study were pregnant women aged 19-44 years old and gestational age 32-37 weeks. The quantity of protein intake was obtained by 2-day repeated 24 hour food recall method, moreover, the study also assessed the intake of vegetable-animal ratio by semiquantitative-food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) method. Stool analysis was conducted on 52 subjects using real-time polymerase chain reaction (rPCR). The result of the study showed a poor positive correlation between protein intake with the amount of Bifidobacterium (R = 0.132, p >0.05).This study has not showed any significant correlation between protein intake with the amount of Bifidobacterium in the third trimester of pregnancy."

"ABSTRAKPada lanjut usia terjadi penurunan massa dan kekuatan otot yang memengaruhikapasitas fungsional sehingga meningkatkan risiko sarkopenia. Salah satu faktor yang dinilai dapat memengaruhi penurunan massa dan kekuatan otot pada lansia adalah menurunnya asupan protein dan asam amino rantai cabang (AARC) sehingga akan memengaruhi status protein viseral terutama prealbumin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai hubungan antara asupan protein, AARC dan kadar prealbumin dengan kekuatan otot pada lansia. Metode penelitian ini adalah studi potong lintang pada 52 lansia dari bulan April-Mei 2016. Data asupan makanan yang meliputi asupan energi, kalori non protein, protein dan AARC didapatkan dari food record 2x24 jam. Pengambilan darah dilakukan setelah subjek berpuasa ± 8 jam dan pengukuran kekuatan otot dengan handgrip dynamometer merk Jamar. Hasil penelitian menunjukan tidak terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara kekuatan genggam tangan dengan asupan protein (r=0,21 dan p=0,11), asupan AARC (r=0,18 dan p=0,19), dan kadar prealbumin serum (r=-0,05 dan p=0,69). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa asupan protein yang rendah tetapi disertai dengan asupan energi dan AARC yang cukup akan memengaruhi kadar prealbumin serum dan kekuatan otot tetap berada pada nilai normal, walaupun tidak ditemukan hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik.

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ABSTRACTThe decrease of muscle mass and strength in elderly people will affect thefunctional capacity and increase the risk of sarcopenia. One factor that can affect the loss of mass and muscle strength in elderly is the decrease in protein and branched chain amino acids (BCAA) intakes. This will affect the visceral protein status, especially prealbumin. The purpose of this study is to assess the association between intake of protein, BCAA and serum prealbumin level with muscle strength in elderly people. The methodology of this research is a cross-sectional study with 52 elderly people from April-May 2016. Food intake include energy, non-protein calorie (NPC), protein, and BCAA which is obtained from 2x24 hours food records. Blood sampling was performed after the subjects fasted for ± 8 hours, and muscle strength was measured with a Jamar's handgrip dynamometer. The results show there are no correlation between protein intake with the hand grip strength (r = 0,21 and p = 0,11), as well as AARC intake (r = 0,18 and p = 0,19) and prealbumin serum level (r = -0,056 and p = 0,69). This study concludes that low protein intake but accompanied with sufficient energy intake and BCAA will affect serum prealbumin level and muscle strength will be remained at normal values, however a statistically significant relationship is not found."

"Latar Belakang: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang umum terjadi pada anak-anak. Saliva berkaitan penting dengan patogenesis ECC dan protein saliva kemungkinan mempunyai kaitan dengan kejadian ECC. Tujuan: Menganalisis level protein saliva yang diisolasi dari anak dengan ECC Metode: sampel saliva yang terstimulasi dan tidak terstimulasi diambil dari anak ECC. Konsentrasi protein saliva ditetapkan dengan metoda Bradford assay. Hasil: tidak terdapat perbedaan konsentrasi protein saliva tersimulasi dan tidak terstimulasi pada anak dengan ECC (two tail test, p≤0.05).

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Background: Early Childhood Caries ( ECC ) is one of the common health problems in children. Saliva has connection with the occurence of ECC and salivary proteins is probably related to the occurrence. Objective: to Analyze the level of proteins isolated from stimulated and unstimulated saliva taken from children with ECC. Methods: stimulated an unstimulated saliva samples were taken from children, age 3-5 years old, with ECC. Salivary protein levels were determained using Bradford Assay. Results: there is no consentration difference between protein consentration in stimulated and unstimulated saliva in children with ECC ( two- tail test, p≤0.05)"

"Sakit kritis merupakan suatu kondisi terjadinya gangguan fungsi multiorgan yang menyebabkan homeostasis tubuh tidak dapat dipertahankan tanpa adanya intervensi medis di unit perawatan intensif. Proses hiperkatabolik akibat stres metabolik pada pasien sakit kritis terutama di fase akut sangat tinggi sehingga menyebabkan degradasi protein. Tingkat degradasi ini dapat dilihat salah satunya dengan pemeriksaan kehilangan nitrogen melalui urin 24 jam. Asupan energi dan protein berperan penting dalam memelihara proses metabolisme yang terjadi. Asupan yang tidak adekuat diiringi kehilangan protein yang tinggi akan menghasilkan nilai imbang nitrogen yang negatif. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat korelasi asupan protein selama fase akut terhadap perubahan imbang nitrogen yang dinilai pada hari ke-3 dan ke-7 perawatan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang yang dilakukan di Intensive Care Unit Rumah Sakit Universitas Indonesia (ICU RSUI) dengan pengambilan sampel secara consecutive sampling. Kriteria penerimaan adalah berusia 18-60 tahun, mendapatkan asupan protein pertama dalam 48 jam, dan bersedia mengikuti penelitian. Kriteria penolakan adalah produksi urin <0.5 ml/kgBB/jam, gangguan fungsi ginjal dan hati kronis, IMT <18.5 atau ≥30 kg/m², skor APACHE II>30, hamil, dan mendapat norepinefrin >0.3 mcg. Kriteria pengeluaran adalah mendapatkan rerata asupan protein hari ke-3 hingga ke-7 <0.5gr/kgBB/hari, dan meninggal sebelum hari ke-7. Pemeriksaan kadar nitrogen urea urin 24 jam dan perhitungan imbang nitrogen dinilai pada hari ke-3 dan ke-7 perawatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata asupan protein dan energi pada 21 subyek adalah 0.8 gr/kgBB/hari dan 78% dari EE pada hari ke-3, lalu rerata asupan pada hari ke-7 adalah 1.1 gr/kgBB/hari dan 110% dari EE. Rerata kadar NUU dan imbang nitrogen hari ke-3 adalah 8.1 gr dan -5.3 gr. Rerata kadar NUU dan imbang nitrogen hari ke-7 adalah 7.2 gr dan -1.5 gr. Rerata perubahan imbang nitrogen bernilai positif yaitu 3.8 gr. Terdapat korelasi positif antara asupan energi maupun protein terhadap imbang nitrogen hari ke-3 (r=0.5, p=0.01; r=0.6, p=0.003). Walaupun terdapat perbaikan imbang nitrogen yang signifikan pada subyek penelitian namun tidak didapatkan korelasi bermakna antara asupan protein terhadap perubahan imbang nitrogen (p=0.1). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah asupan energi dan protein berkorelasi positif dengan imbang nitrogen pada early acute phase. Asupan protein pada late acute phase tidak berhubungan dengan perubahan imbang nitrogen pada penelitian ini

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Critical illness is a condition where multiorgan dysfunction occurs which causes body homeostasis that cannot be maintained without medical intervention in the intensive care unit. The hypercatabolic process due to metabolic stress in critically ill patients, especially in the acute phase, is very high, causing protein degradation. This level of degradation can be evaluated by examining nitrogen loss through 24-hour urine. Energy and protein intake plays an important role in maintaining the metabolic processes. Inadequate intake accompanied by high protein losses will result in negative nitrogen balance values. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation of protein intake during the acute phase with nitrogen balance changes on days 3 and 7 of treatment. The method of this study was cross-sectional with consecutive sampling, conducted in the Intensive Care Unit of the University of Indonesia Hospital (ICU RSUI). Inclusion criteria were 18-60 years old, getting their first protein intake within 48 hours, and willing to take part in the research. Exclusion criteria were urine output <0.5 ml/kgBW/hour, chronic kidney and liver function disorders, BMI <18.5 or ≥30 kg/m2, APACHE II score>30, pregnancy, and receiving norepinephrine >0.3 mcg. Drop out criteria were patients having an average protein intake on days 3 to 7 <0.5 gr/kgBW/day, or dying before the 7^th day. Examination of 24-hour urine urea nitrogen (UUN) levels and calculation of nitrogen balance were assessed on days 3 and 7 of treatment. The results of the study showed that the mean of protein and energy intake in the 21 subjects was 0.8 gr/kgBW/day and 78% of EE on day 3, then the mean intake on day 7 was 1.1 gr/kgBW/day and 110% of EE. The mean ​​of UUN levels and nitrogen balance on day 3 were 8.1 gr and -5.3 gr. The mean of UUN levels and nitrogen balance on day 7 were 7.2 gr and -1.5 gr. Mean of nitrogen balance changes was positive, namely 3.8 gr. There was a positive correlation between energy and protein intake with nitrogen balance on day 3 (r=0.5, p=0.01; r=0.6, p=0.003). Although there was a significant improvement in nitrogen balance in the research subjects, there was no significant correlation between protein intake with nitrogen balance changes (p=0.1). The conclusion of this study is that energy and protein intake were positively correlated with nitrogen balance in the early acute phase. Protein intake in the late acute phase was not associated with nitrogen balance changes in this study."

"Latar Belakang: Sakit kritis sering dihubungkan dengan malnutrisi yang disebabkan oleh perubahan metabolisme dan asupan yang menurun. Keadaan hipermetabolik yang tidak disertai dengan dukungan asupan energi dan protein yang adekuat, akan menyebabkan peningkatan konsumsi substrat protein dan energi secara cepat, disfungsi sistem imunitas, serta penurunan fungsi organ. Penilaian status gizi pada pasien sakit kritis sangat penting untuk menatalaksana dan mengevaluasi terapi gizi yang diberikan. Berbagai penelitian telah melaporkan mamfaat pemberian asupan energi dan protein yang cukup terhadap perubahan berat badan, namun pengukuran berat badan seringkali sulit dilakukan pada pasien ICU karena berbagai hal seperti penurunan kesadaran dan imobilisasi. Salah satu pengukuran antropometri yang cukup mudah dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi status gizi yaitu lingkar lengan atas (LLA) yang mencerminkan massa otot sebagai cadangan protein tubuh. Lingkar lengan atas (LLA) direkomendasikan sebagai parameter nutrisi karena sederhana dan indikator yang dapat digunakan untuk menilai malnutrisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat hubungan antara asupan energi dan protein terhadap perubahan LLA pada pasien sakit kritis yang dirawat di ICU. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi prospektif observasional pada pasien sakit kritis di RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo dan RS Universitas Indonesia. karakteristik subjek penelitian meliputi usia, jenis kelamin, tinggi badan, berat badan, indeks massa tubuh (IMT), skor NRS 2002, status gizi berdasarkan kriteria ESPEN, penyakit penyerta, skor SOFA, diagnosis saat dirawat, dan kadar CRP. Dilakukan analisis korelasi antara asupan energa dan protein dengan perubahan lingkar lengan atas (LLA). Hasil: Terdapat 55 subjek dengan rerata subjek berusia 50,58±14.21 tahun. Subjekdidominasi oleh laki-laki 42(76%) subjek. Sebagian besar subjek dengan status gizimalnutrisi 33(60%). Rerata berat badan, tinggi badan dan IMT secara berturut-turutadalah sebesar 56,6±15,8 kg, 165 (150-175) cm, dan 21.1±5,6 kg/m2. Berdasarkanskor SOFA, subjek penelitian terbanyak memiliki skor SOFA 0-6 40(72,7%) (risikorendah). Rerata asupan energi dan protein subjek sebesar 16,51±6,4 kkal/kgBB/haridan 0.7(0-1.8) g/kgBB/hari. Sebagian besar subjek memiliki asupan energi tidakcukup 46(84%) dan asupan protein tidak cukup 36(66%). Rerata LLA subjek saatadmisi adalah 26,6±3,86 cm dan rerata LLA setelah 7 hari perawatan sebesar25,6±3,61 cm. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna perubahan LLA setelah 7 hariperawatan di ICU (p<0.001), namun tidak terdapat korelasi antara asupan energidan asupan protein terhadap perubahan ukuran LLA. Selain asupan, tingkatinflamasi dapat menjadi faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi tingginya katabolisme namun tidak dilakukan analisis hubungan antara tingkat inflamasi terhadap LLA pada subjek penelitian ini. Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan antara asupan energi dan protein selama 7 hari pertama perawatan dengan perubahan ukuran LLA selama 7 hari perawatan.

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Background: Critical illness is often associated with malnutrition due to metabolic changes and decreased intake. A hypermetabolic state without adequate energy and protein support leads to increased protein and energy substrate consumption, immune system dysfunction, and organ impairment. Assessing nutritional status in critically ill patients is crucial for managing and evaluating nutritional therapy. Several studies have reported benefits of adequate energy and protein intake on weight changes, but weighing patients in the ICU is challenging due to factors like decreased consciousness and immobility. One anthropometric measurement that's relatively easy to conduct for evaluating nutritional status is the mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), reflecting muscle mass as a body protein reserve. MUAC is recommended as a nutritional parameter for its simplicity and usefulness in assessing malnutrition. This study aims to examine the relationship between energy and protein intake and changes in MUAC in critically ill patients treated in the ICU. Methods: This study is a prospective observational study of critically ill patients at RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo and RS Universitas Indonesia. Subject characteristics included age, gender, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), NRS 2002 score, nutritional status based on ESPEN criteria, comorbidities, SOFA score, admission diagnosis, and CRP levels. Correlation analysis was performed between energy and protein intake and changes in mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). Results: There were 55 subjects with a mean age of 50.58±14.21 years. The majority were male, comprising 42 patients (76%). Most subjects were malnourished, totaling 33 (60%). Mean weight, height, and BMI were 56.6±15.8 kg, 165 (150-175) cm, and 21.1±5.6 kg/m2, respectively. Based on SOFA score, most subjects had a SOFA score of 0-6 (40 patients, 72.7%), indicating low risk. Mean energy intake was 16.51±6.4 kcal/kg/day, and mean protein intake was 0.7 (0-1.8) g/kg/day. A majority had inadequate energy intake (46 patients, 84%) and protein intake (36 patients, 66%). Mean MUAC at admission was 26.6±3.86 cm, and mean MUAC after 7 days of treatment was 25.6±3.61 cm. There was a significant decrease in MUAC after 7 days in the ICU (p<0.001), but no correlation was found between energy or protein intake and changes in MUAC. In addition to intake, inflammation levels could influence high catabolism, but no analysis was performed on the relationship between inflammation levels and MUAC in this study. Conclusion: There was no relationship between energy and protein intake during the first 7 days of treatment and changes in MUAC during 7 days of treatment."

"Kuantitas dan kualitas asupan protein belum sepenuhnya diketahui perannya terhadap kualitas hidup. Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) juga belum diketahui dapat mencerminkan kualitas hidup dan apakah bisa ditingkatkan dengan asupan protein. Penelitian dengan desain potong lintang ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara asupan protein dengan PNI dan kualitas hidup serta korelasi PNI dengan kualitas hidup pada pasien kanker kepala leher dengan radioterapi di Departemen Radioterapi Rumah Sakit dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta. Sebanyak 61 subjek didapatkan dari consecutive sampling. Rerata usia subjek adalah 46,3 ± 12,4 dan 65,6% subjek berada pada kanker stadium IV dan mendapatkan terapi kemoradiasi. Sebanyak 32,8% subjek yang memiliki status gizi kurang. Median asupan protein adalah 1,42 (0,26-4,11) g/kg/hari. Nilai PNI pada subjek penelitian memiliki median 45,9 (29,4-54,2). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya korelasi bermakna antara kuantitas asupan protein berdasarkan Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) semikuantitatif dan beberapa aspek gejala pada kualitas hidup yaitu pada aspek pain (head and neck) (r=-0,32; p=0,01), swallowing (r=-0,37;p=0,004), social eating (r=-0,29; p=0,02), dry mouth (r=-0,41; p=0,001), sticky saliva (r=-0,32; p=0,01), fatigue (r=-0,28; p=0,03), nausea and vomiting (r=-0,26; p=0,04) dan appetite loss (r=-0,3; p=0,01). Kualitas asupan protein tidak berkorelasi bermakna dengan kualitas hidup. PNI berkorelasi bermakna terhadap 1 aspek fungsional yaitu physical function (r=0,378; p=0,003) dan 2 aspek gejala yaitu opening mouth (r=-0,325; p=0,01) dan dyspnea (r=-0,257; p=0,045). Meskipun tidak signifikan secara statistik, namun PNI memiliki arah korelasi yang positif terhadap aspek fungsional lainnya dan memiliki arah korelasi negatif terhadap aspek gejala lainnya yang berarti semakin tinggi PNI maka aspek fungsional semakin baik dan gejala semakin ringan. Studi ini tidak menemukan adanya korelasi bermakna antara asupan protein, baik kualitas maupun kuantitasnya, terhadap PNI. Hasil ini diduga berkaitan dengan penemuan bahwa sebagian besar penderita masih memiliki pola asupan yang mampu mencukupi kebutuhan kalori dan protein harian. Diperlukan studi prospektif yang menelusuri aspek prognostik kanker kepala leher dari segi kualitas hidup untuk mengetahui apakah PNI dapat memprediksi aspek kualitas hidup dengan lebih rinci.

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Quality and quantity of protein intake has not been well understood that it can affect quality of life. Moreover, Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) also has not been well studied upon its usage to reflect quality of life of head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. This cross sectional study was aimed to determine the correlation between protein intake and PNI and also the correlation between PNI and quality of life in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy at Radiotherapy Department, dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta. Total of 61 subjects were recruited with consecutive sampling method with mean age of 46,3 ± 12,4 years old and 65,6% subjects were on stage IV cancer and were getting a combination of chemo and radiotherapy. Only 32,8% subjects were on low nutritional status. Median of total protein intake was 1,42 (0,26-4,11) g/kg/day. Median of PNI was 45,9 (29,4-54,2) among subjects. The result of the study showed a significant correlations between quanitity of protein intake based on semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) with several aspects of quality of life, that were pain (head and neck) (r=-0,32; p=0,01), swallowing (r=-0,37; p=0,004), social eating (r=-0,29; p=0,02), dry mouth (r=-0,41; p=0,001), sticky saliva (r=-0,32; p=0,01), fatigue (r=-0,28; p=0,03), nausea and vomiting (r=-0,26; p=0,04) dan appetite loss (r=-0,3; p=0,01). This aspects were all symptomatics. PNI was significantly correlated with 1 functional aspect, which was Physical function (r=0.378; p=0,003) and 2 symptomp aspects, which were opening mouth (r=-0,325; p=0,01) dan dyspnea (r=-0,257; p=0,045). Although not statistically significant, but there were positive direction of correlation with other functional aspects and negative direction of correlation with other symptomps aspects. This implicates that the higher the PNI, the lower the symptoms and the better the functional status of head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. This study did not show a significant correlation between quality and quantity of protein intake with PNI. An adequate intake of calorie and protein in most subjects were found in this study which might explain the result. More studies, preferably prospective one, may be needed to show the usage of PNI to reflect quality of life, especially involving quality of life progresivity."