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Abstrak :
Konsumsi minyak dan gas bumi sebagai sumber energi utama semakin meningkat seiring berjalannya waktu. Hal ini berpotensi berkurangnya ketersediaan energi bagi kebutuhan masyarakat dunia. Maka dari itu, diperlukan suatu sumber energi alternatif seperti batubara dan gas methane. Telah dilakukan pengolahan data seismik untuk memetakan lapisan batubara yang mengandung gas methane pada suatu zona cekungan Sumatera Tengah, daerah Riau. Data seismik tersebut dikontrol oleh data sumur, yang terdiri dari log gamma ray, log densitas, log resistivitas dan log sonik. Hasil pengolahan data menunjukkan bahwa pada formasi Korinci/Binio terdapat batubara pada kedalaman 1560 feet. Hal ini ditentukan dari proses korelasi/well tie antara data seismik dan data sumur sehingga diperoleh nilai gamma ray sebesar 52-55 API, densitas sebesar 1.5-1.55 g/cc, resistivitas sebesar 0.68-0.76 ohmmeter, kecepatan gelombang sonik sebesar 5988.3-6330.2 feet/second, impedansi akustik sebesar 8000-9600 ((ft/s)*(g/cc)) dan frekuensi tuning sebesar 30 Hz. Hasil pengolahan data lainnya menunjukkan bahwa batubara juga terdapat pada formasi Telisa pada kedalaman 1526 feet. Dengan proses yang sama diperoleh nilai gamma ray sebesar 28 API, densitas sebesar 1.28-1.49 g/cc, resistivitas sebesar 1.33-1.44 ohmmeter, impedansi akustik sebesar 8000-10200 ((ft/s)*(g/cc)) dan frekuensi tuning sebesar 19 Hz.

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Consumption of oil and gas as a primer sources has been increased in years. It will potentially decrease the supply of world energy needed. Because of that, we need alternative sourceses like coal and methane gas to substitute the primer sources. The seismic data processing has been done for mapping the coal-bed which consist of methane gas in a basin zone of Central Sumatera, Riau. The seismic data was controlled by well-logs data such as gamma ray log, density log, resistivity log, and sonic log. The result of data processing indicates that the Korinci/Binio Formation has coal-bed at depth 1560 feet. The information of depth is based on the correlation between well-logs and seismic data (well-tie), then obtained the gamma ray was 52-55 API, the density was 1.5-1.55 g/cc, the resistivity was 0.68-0.76 ohmmeter, the velocity of sonic wave was 5988.3-6330.2 feet/second and the acoustic impedance was 8000-9600 ((ft/s)*(g/cc)) and the frequency of tuning was 30 Hz. The other of data processing result shows that the Telisa Formation has coal-bed at depth 1526 feet. Using the same well-tie process, the information of depth was obtained from the gamma ray was 28 API, the density was 1.28-1.49 g/cc, the resistivity was 1.33-1.44 ohmmeter, the acoustic impedance was 8000-10200 ((ft/s)*(g/cc)) and the frequency of tuning was 19 Hz.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini menggunakan data seismik 3 dimensi dan 5 data sumur dari lapangan w. Target penelitian yaitu batuan karbonat pada formasi Tuban di cekungan Jawa Timur Utara. Penelitian bertujuan menentukan distribusi porositas karbonat, dengan menggunakan neural network berdasarkan inversi dan atribut seismik. Inversi seismik model based dan linier programming sparse spike, menghasilkan impedansi akustik pada lapisan di bawah horizon Top Carbonate hingga horizon Base Carbonate, mengalami peningkatan signifikan pada rentang 38076 - 46857 ((ft/s)*(g/cc)). Atribut seismik sweetness, rms amplitude, dan reflection intensity, digunakan sebagai atribut eksternal, untuk tahap multiatribut linier regresi dan neural network. Multiatribut linier regresi dan neural network dilakukan untuk memprediksi porositas bedasarkan atribut-atribut internal maupun eksternal. Hasil analisis multiatribut yang diaplikasikan pada data raw seismik dan 5 volum atribut eksternal, yaitu log porositas prediksi, memiliki nilai korelasi sebesar 0.712 terhadap log porositas. Dan, nilai validasinya sebesar 0.573. Sedangkan, Probabilistic Neural Network menghasilkan porositas prediksi dengan nilai korelasi sebesar 0.661 dan nilai validasinya sebesar 0.485. Berdasarkan multiatribut linier regresi maupun probabilistic neural network, porositas rata-rata pada lapisan reservoar karbonat sebesar 10-15% di bagian utara. Sedangkan, di bagian selatan, porositas rata-rata hanya di bawah 6%.

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This study uses three-dimensional seismic data and 5 well data from w field. The research target is carbonate rocks of the Tuban formation in North East Java basin. The study aims to determine the distribution of porosity carbonate, by using neural network algorithm, based on acoustic impedance inversion and seismic attributes. Models based inversion and linear programming sparse spike inversion result in acoustic impedance, in the layers below the horizon Top Carbonate to horizon Base Carbonate, experienced a significant increase impedance in the range 38076-46857 ((ft/s)*(g/cc)). Some seismic attribute; sweetness, rms amplitude, and reflection intensity, are used as external attributes for multi attribute linear regression and neural network. Multi attribute linear regression and neural network is done to predict porosity based on attributes of both internal and external. The results of the analysis that is applied to the data multi attribute raw seismic and 5 volumes of external attributes, is called log porosity prediction, have a correlation value of 0.712 to log porosity original. And the value of its validation is 0.573. Meanwhile, Probabilistic Neural Network is producing log porosity prediction with correlation value of 0.661 and the value of its validation by 0485. Multi attribute based linear regression and probabilistic neural network, average porosity of the reservoir layer of carbonate of 10-15% in the north. Meanwhile, in the southern part, average porosity of just under 6%.

Abstrak :
Cekungan Teluk Meksiko (GOM) merupakan salah satu mega area penghasil hidrokarbon di dunia yang telah dieksplorasi dan diproduksi selama lebih dari 100 tahun. Salah satu tahapan penting setelah eksplorasi lapangan adalah melakukan evaluasi atau penilaian untuk pengembangan lapangan sebagai takaran seberapa besar akumulasi hidrokarbon yang dapat diambil. Pada penelitian kali ini akan dibangun model geologi berdasarkan data seismik dan data sumur yang dapat menggambarkan distribusi dan geometri model fasies untuk setiap lingkungan pengendapan dalam suatu kerangka struktur 3D serta properti petrofisika pada distribusi reservoar dalam setiap model lapisan. Pemodelan reservoar tersebut didasarkan oleh hasil interpretasi dan analisa dari integrasi visualisasi beberapa attribut seismik yang berkorelasi terhadap penentuan struktur patahan maupun penentuan lithologi fasies serta distribusi parameter petrofisik yang memungkinkan. Hasil perhitungan volumetrik dari evaluasi lapangan ini dapat dijadikan referensi untuk menghasilkan rekomendasi maupun optimalisasi nilai keekonomian dari cadangan gas lapangan Gulf of Mexico. ...... Gulf of Mexico Basin (GOM) is one of the mega-producing areas of hydrocarbon in the world that have been explored and produced for over 100 years. One of important step after exploration of the field is to conduct an evaluation or appraisal for field development as a measure of how large an accumulation of hydrocarbons that can be taken. This study is to construct the geological model based on seismic data and well data that can describe the distribution and geometry of facies models for each deposition environment in a 3D structural framework and also the reservoir petrophysical properties distribution for each layer model. Reservoir modeling is based on the results of interpretation and analysis from the integration of visualization of some seismic attributes which are correlated to the structural identification, distribution of lithofacies, and distribution of possible petrophysical properties. Results of volumetric calculations from this field evaluation can be used as a reference in providing recommendations and optimizing economic value of gas reserves (GIIP) in the Gulf of Mexico field.

Abstrak :
Konsumsi dan kebutuhan minyak dan gas bumi di Indonesia semakin tahun semakin meningkat sayangnya produksi minyak dan gas di Indonesia belum bisa mengimbangi permintaan yang terus naik, sehingga diperlukan metode eksplorasi dan interpretasi yang lebih efektif sehingga produksi bisa ditingkatkan, salah satu nya dengan menggunakan Colored Inversion. Tujuan dari penelitian yang dilakukan pada kasus offshore sebuah lapangan di Kalimantan , Indonesia adalah mengkarakterisasi reservoir daerah tersebut berdasarkan metode Colored Inversion dan metode yang lebih konvensional yaitu Atribut Seismik. Metode Colored Inversion adalah salah satu metode inversi impendansi Akustik seismik 3D yang semua datanya berasal dari data seismik, sehingga mempersingkat waktu pemodelan. Dalam penelitian ini terdapat dua proses analisis reservoir, yang pertama berdasarkan atribut Envelope, Frekuensi, dan Fasa, kedua analisa berdasarkan hasil dari Colored Inversion. Kedua analisa ini kemudian di korelasikan sebagai pembuktian keakuratan identifikasi reservoir hidrokarbon dari proses Colored Inversion. Berdasarkan Hasil penelitian, Metode Colored Inversion sudah bisa memetakan parameter target yang diduga batuan reservoir serta memiliki korelasi yang cukup baik dengan analisi atribut seismik untuk mengkarakterisasikan reservoir hidrokarbon. ......The consumption and demand for oil and gas in Indonesia is increasing year by year. Unfortunately, oil and gas production in Indonesia has not been able to keep up with the ever-increasing demand, so more effective exploration and interpretation methods are needed so that production can be increased, one of which is by using Colored Inversion. The purpose of the research conducted on the offshore case of a field in Kalimantan, Indonesia is to characterize the reservoir area based on the Colored Inversion method and the more conventional method, namely Seismic Attributes. The Colored Inversion Method is one of the 3D seismic acoustic impedance inversion methods in which all the data comes from seismic data, thus shortening the modeling time. In this study, there are two reservoir analysis processes, the first is based on the Envelope, Frequency, and Phase attributes, the second analysis is based on the results of the Colored inversion. These two analyzes are then correlated to prove the accuracy of the identification of the hydrocarbon reservoir from the Colored inversion process. Based on the results of the study, the Colored Inversion Method was able to map the target parameters suspected to be reservoir rocks and had a fairly good correlation with seismic attribute analysis to characterize hydrocarbon reservoirs.

Abstrak :
Karakterisasi reservoar di lapangan Blackfoot telah dilakukan dengan integrasi analisa atribut seismik dan inversi seismik. Analisa atribut seismik dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasikan batas lapisan, yang diindikasi dengan adanya perbedaan antara dua lapisan. Di samping itu, inversi seismik digunakan untuk memperlihatkan impedansi akustik, yang sangat penting untuk mengetahui properti dari lapisan. Kedua atribut ini (amplitude seismik dan impedansi akustik) diharapkan berguna untuk menginvestigasi reservoar secara lengkap. Studi ini menggunakan data seismic 3D dan 5 data sumur. Data seismik 3D dan data sumur dan diikat dengan teliti agar mendapatkan kesesuaian yang baik satu sama lain. Analisa difokuskan pada dua horison, yang dipercaya sebagai target reservoar. Hasil peta horison dianalisis untuk mendapatkan peta distribusi reservoar. Hasil dari semua atribut menunjukan konfirmasi yang baik satu sama lain. ......Reservoir characterization in Blackfoot field has been carried out by integrating seismic attribute analysis and seismic inversion. Seismic attribute analysis is performed to identify layer interface, which is indicated with the contrast between two layers. In other hand, the seismic inversion is applied to provide the acoustic impedance, which is important in understanding the property of layer body. These two attributes (seismic amplitude and acoustic impedance) are expected to be useful in investigating the reservoir completely. This study is based on 3D seismic data and 5 well log data. The 3D seismic and well log data is tied in carefully in order to get good match each other. The analysis is focused on two horizons, which is believed as target reservoir. The generated horizon map is analyzed to map the reservoir distribution. The results show that all attributes provide good confirmation each other.

Abstrak :
Analisa seismik atribut telah digunakan untuk data seismik 3D pada cekungan Sumatera Selatan. Analisa ini bertujuan untuk memetakan distribusi dari reservoar karbonat, yang bersasosiasi dengan lingkungan pengendapan. Atribut seismik yang digunakan pada interpretasi reservoar karbonat adalah amplitudo rms, amplitudo maksimum, amplitudo minimum, dan amplitudo palung rata-rata. Lebih lanjut, Seismik amplitudo ini digunakan untuk mendapatkan peta porositas, dengan melakukan cross plot antara log porositas dan log amplitudo. Analisa ditunjukkan dari semua peta atribut ini. Dengan konteks lingkungan pengendapan, kita dapat mengidentifikasi batas yang jelas antara reef dengan lagoon, khususnya pada formasi Baturaja. Ini berarti bahwa persebaran facies sangat jelas di perlihatkan pada semua peta atribut. Seismic attribute analysis has been applied to 3D seismic data of South Sumatera Basin. This analysis is intended to map carbonate reservoir distribution, which is associated with depositional environment. The seismic attributes, which is used in interpreting the carbonate reservoir, are rms amplitude, maximum amplitude, minimum amplitude, and average trough amplitude. In addition, this seismic amplitude is used to derive the porosity map, by applying the cross plot between porosity log and amplitude. The analysis is performed by generating map of all of these attributes. In the context of depositional environment, we can identify sharp boundary between the reef and lagoon, particularly in Baturaja formation. This mean that the facies distribution is clearly seen in all attributes map.

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Aplikasi atribut seismik 3D dan sifat fisik batuan telah dapat memodelkan reservoar A Formasi Ledok Lapangan X Blok Cepu. Beberapa atribut seismik yang sesuai untuk mengidentifikasi penyebaran reservoar dilapangan ini adalah root mean square (rms), sweetness, dan impedansi akustik relatif. Dimana ketiga atribut seismik tersebut memperlihatkan suatu anomali amplitudo berupa bright spot yang diidentifikasi sebagai reservoar A dan memperlihatkan pola penyebaran berarah selatan-utara. Fasies reservoar A yang merupakan batugamping pasiran adalah reservoar yang sangat baik dalam menyimpan hidrokarbon gas dengan porositas 19% dan saturasi air sebesar 40%. Adanya faktor ketidakpastian dalam penentuan batas penyebaran reservoar A dari atribut seismik, model reservoar A di bagi menjadi tiga bagian yaitu perkiraan optimis (P90), perkiraan sedang (P50) dan perkiraan pesimis (P10). Keberadaan hidrokarbon gas di Lapangan X dikontrol oleh suatu perangkap stratigrafi bukan perangkap struktur hal ini terlihat dari tidak adanya tutupan (klosur). Berdasarkan sebaran reservoar melalui integrasi atribut seismik, properti batuan dan model reservoar diusulkan 4 (empat) sumur pemboran untuk mengembangkan lapangan gas X.

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ABTRACT
Application of 3D seismic attributes and physical properties of reservoir rocks have been to model the formation Ledok A Field X Cepu Block. The seismic attributes, which can be used to identify distribution of the reservoir in this field were the root mean square (rms), sweetness, and relative acoustic impedance. The attributes of the seismic amplitude anomaly shows a bright spot in the form identified as reservoars A and show the pattern of northsouth trending deployment. A reservoir facies which is a sandy limestone reservoir was very good at keeping a hydrocarbon gas with 19% porosity and water saturation of 40%. The existence of uncertainty in the determination of reservoir distribution limit of seismic attributes. A reservoir model was divided into three parts, optimistic estimate (P90), moderate estimate (P50) and pesimistic estimate (P10). The existence of hydrocarbon gases in field X in was control by a stratigraphic traps compared to traps structure as seen from the absence of cover (closur). Based on integration of seismic attributes, rock properties and reservoar model proposed four (4) wells drilling to develop the gas field X.;Application of 3D seismic attributes and physical properties of reservoir rocks have been to model the formation Ledok A Field X Cepu Block. The seismic attributes, which can be used to identify distribution of the reservoir in this field were the root mean square (rms), sweetness, and relative acoustic impedance. The attributes of the seismic amplitude anomaly shows a bright spot in the form identified as reservoars A and show the pattern of northsouth trending deployment. A reservoir facies which is a sandy limestone reservoir was very good at keeping a hydrocarbon gas with 19% porosity and water saturation of 40%. The existence of uncertainty in the determination of reservoir distribution limit of seismic attributes. A reservoir model was divided into three parts, optimistic estimate (P90), moderate estimate (P50) and pesimistic estimate (P10). The existence of hydrocarbon gases in field X in was control by a stratigraphic traps compared to traps structure as seen from the absence of cover (closur). Based on integration of seismic attributes, rock properties and reservoar model proposed four (4) wells drilling to develop the gas field X.;Application of 3D seismic attributes and physical properties of reservoir rocks have been to model the formation Ledok A Field X Cepu Block. The seismic attributes, which can be used to identify distribution of the reservoir in this field were the root mean square (rms), sweetness, and relative acoustic impedance. The attributes of the seismic amplitude anomaly shows a bright spot in the form identified as reservoars A and show the pattern of northsouth trending deployment. A reservoir facies which is a sandy limestone reservoir was very good at keeping a hydrocarbon gas with 19% porosity and water saturation of 40%. The existence of uncertainty in the determination of reservoir distribution limit of seismic attributes. A reservoir model was divided into three parts, optimistic estimate (P90), moderate estimate (P50) and pesimistic estimate (P10). The existence of hydrocarbon gases in field X in was control by a stratigraphic traps compared to traps structure as seen from the absence of cover (closur). Based on integration of seismic attributes, rock properties and reservoar model proposed four (4) wells drilling to develop the gas field X., Application of 3D seismic attributes and physical properties of reservoir rocks have been to model the formation Ledok A Field X Cepu Block. The seismic attributes, which can be used to identify distribution of the reservoir in this field were the root mean square (rms), sweetness, and relative acoustic impedance. The attributes of the seismic amplitude anomaly shows a bright spot in the form identified as reservoars A and show the pattern of northsouth trending deployment. A reservoir facies which is a sandy limestone reservoir was very good at keeping a hydrocarbon gas with 19% porosity and water saturation of 40%. The existence of uncertainty in the determination of reservoir distribution limit of seismic attributes. A reservoir model was divided into three parts, optimistic estimate (P90), moderate estimate (P50) and pesimistic estimate (P10). The existence of hydrocarbon gases in field X in was control by a stratigraphic traps compared to traps structure as seen from the absence of cover (closur). Based on integration of seismic attributes, rock properties and reservoar model proposed four (4) wells drilling to develop the gas field X.]

Abstrak :
Lintasan seismic BGR06-212 berarah Tenggara-Baratlaut berada di cekungan busurmuka Simeulue. Target penelitian adalah gas hidrat yang ditandai dengan adanya BSR (Bottom Simulating Reflector). Indikasi adanya BSR di penampang seismik ditunjukkan dengan amplitudo kuat, refleksi terbalik terhadap reflektifitas seafloor, bentuknya menyerupai seafloor dan memotong struktur. BSR diyakini sebagai batas bawah dari lapisan gas hidrat dan batas atas dari lapisan gas bebas. Analisis AVO dilakukan pada lapisan BSR. Analisis gradient tampak adanya anomali gas bebas dibawah BSR. Proses stack dalam domain angle juga dilakukan dalam near angle (0-150), medium angle (160-300) dan far angle (310- 450). Di angle stack terlihat adanya penebalan di far angle, hal ini menunjukkan adanya gas bebas di bawah BSR. Pemodelan sintetik angle gather digunakan untuk melihat model geologi yang berasosiasi dengan BSR. Proses atribut instantaneous phase digunakan untuk melihat kemenerusan BSR. Hasil atribut ini menunjukkan kemenerusan BSR dan ditemukan paleo BSR. Atribut instantaneous amplitude dapat membedakan antara lapisan diatas BSR dan dibawah BSR. Dari analisis yang dilakukan didapatkan 3 zona yaitu zona 1 terlihat BSR yang menerus, didapatkan gas hidrat dengan saturasi sedang dan terdapat gas bebas dibawahnya. Zona 2 terlihat BSR tidak menerus didapatkan gas hidrat saturasi kecil, tidak ditemukan gas bebas. Zona 3 terlihat BSR tidak menerus, didapatkan gas hidrat dengan saturasi paling besar dan terdapat gas bebas dibawahnya. ...... Tracks seismic BGR06-212 Southeast-Northwest is located in Simeulue fore arc basin. The research target is gas hydrate which characterized by the BSR (Bottom Simulating Reflector). Indication of BSR in seismic are strong amplitude, inverse reflection on the seafloor reflectivity, shape mimics seafloor and cut structures. BSR are believed as base of gas hydrate layer and top of free gas layer. AVO analysis has been done at BSR layer. Gradient analysis looks for anomalies in free gas below the BSR. Process stack in the angle domain is also done in near angle (0-150), medium angle (160-300) and far angle (310-450). The angle stack looks for a thickening in the far angle, it indicates the existence of free gas below the BSR. Synthetic modeling angle gather is used to view the geological model associated with BSR. The process of instantaneous phase attribute is used to see continuity of BSR. This attribute results demonstrate continuity of BSR and found paleo BSR. Attributes instantaneous amplitude can distinguish between the layers above and below the BSR. From the analysis we found three zones: zone 1 is continuously visible BSR, gas hydrate obtained with middle saturation and there is free gas below it. Zone 2 looks BSR not continuous, gas hydrate obtained with little saturation, can not be found free gas. Zone 3 looks BSR not continuous, gas hydrate obtained with the greatest saturation and there is free gas below it.