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"n the first book of its kind, journalist Donna Jackson Nakazawa examines nearly 100 debilitating autoimmune diseases—such as multiple sclerosis, lupus, Crohn’s disease, type 1 diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis—that cause the body to destroy itself, mistakenly attacking healthy cells as the immune system fights off bacteria, viruses, and other invaders. As Nakazawa share the vivid, heartbreaking stories, including her own, of people living with these mysterious, chronic, and often hard-to-diagnose illnesses, she explores the alarming and unexpected connection between this deadly crisis and the countless environmental triggers we’re exposed to every day: heavy metals, toxins, pesticides, viruses, chemicals in the foods we eat, and more.With the help of leading experts, Nakazawa explores revolutionary preventions, treatments, and cures emerging around the world and offers practical advice for protecting your immune system and reducing your risk of autoimmune disease in the future."

"The immune response of dengue fever/dengue hemorrhagic fever is a series of immunopathogenesis processes starting from viral infection to the target on monocytes and macrophages. It may consequently cause a cascade of viremia in the circulation that stimulates the afferent, efferent, and effector mechanism by the interaction of the humoral and complement system. The cascade results in inflammatory substance that will affect capillary permeability and activate coagulation factors leading to further effects on endothelial level. The mechanism involving pathogenesis of DHF/DSS is still vague. So far, a theory of heterologous infection has been developed, which explains that on second infection, there is subneutralization that induce viral replication. The autoimmune mechanism development leads to the better understanding of DHF. It also explains the autoimmune response of the viral infection, which consists of molecular mimicry, bystander activation and viral persistence. The development of the autoimmune pathomechanism is related to the role of autoantibody and endothelial dysfunction that may have role in worsening DHF.

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Respons imun pada demam dengue/demam berdarah dengue merupakan suatu rangkaian imunopatogenesis yang dimulai sejak target infeksi virus terhadap monosit dan makrofag. Selanjutnya akan menimbulkan suatu kaskade dari viremia di sirkulasi yang menstimulasi mekanisme aferen, mekanisme eferen dan mekanisme efektor melalui interaksi dengan berbagai sistem humoral dan komplemen. Substansi inflamasi yang dihasilkan akan mempengaruhi permeabilitas kapiler dan mengaktivasi faktor koagulasi serta berpengaruh terhadap kerja tingkat endotel. Mekanisme yang melibatkan patogenesis DBD/DSS masih belum jelas. Selama ini berkembang teori infeksi heterologus infection, dimana pada infeksi kedua kalinya terjadi sub netralisasi yang memicu replikasi virus. Mekanisme autoimun merupakan suatu proses autoimun yang dapat memperkaya kazanah pemahaman DBD. Mekanisme autoimun tersebut, menjelaskan respons autoimun oleh infeksi virus yang terdiri dari molecular mimicry, bystander activation dan viral persistence. Patomekanisme auto imun ini berkembang terkait peranan autoantibodi dan tingkat endotel proses disfungsi yang dimungkinkan berperan terhadap memberatnya DBD"

"Saat ini ilmu pengetahuan telah maju dengan pesatnya, berbagai macam penemuan pada bidang ilmu biologi dan aplikasi kedokteran saling melengkapi satu sama lain. Namun demikian data yang dikemukakan oleh para ilmuan sering kontrakdiksi satu sama lain sehingga memerlukan pengetahuan yang lebih luas untuk memahami keutuhan ilmu itu sendiri. Buku ini dapat dijadikan pegangan awal mahasiswa biologi dan kedokteran untuk memahami fenomena-fenomena yang menyangkut aspek biologi dan medik utamanya yang terkait dengan masalah autoimun dan bioregulator. Buku ini juga sangat penting untuk dibaca semua kalangan yang ingin mengetahui perkembangan ilmu imunologi terkini. Terlepas dari pertentangan-pertentangan para ilmuan dalam ranah teoritik, buku ini dapat menjadi referensi yang bermanfaat dan menunjukkan betapa pentingnya ilmu ilmunologi sebagai penunjang dalam penegakan diagnosis pada ilmu kedokteran dan sebagai salah satu cabang ilmu penting pada bidang basic science. Mengingat ilmu imunologi sangat terkait dengan cabang ilmu lain termasuk fisiologi dan mikrobiologi, maka pemahaman cabang-cabang ilmu itu sangat dibutuhkan untuk memudahkan pemahaman ilmu imunologi dan komprehensif."

"Penulisan laporan tugas khusus praktik kerja profesi Apoteker (PKPA) di RSUP Persahabatan bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan melakukan pemantauan terapi obat pada salah satu pasien autoimun di RSUP Persahabatan periode Juni 2023. Penulisan laporan ini menggunakan data terapi obat salah satu pasien yang terdiagnosa Evans Syndrome ditandai dengan gejala yang muncul seperti penurunan trombosit dibawah batas normal dan hasil tes coombs (antiglobulin test). Hasil yang didapatkan yaitu selama perawatan, jumlah trombosit pasien menurun drastis pada hari ke-1 sebesar 2000. Oleh karena itu, pasien mendapatkan transfusi darah sehingga pada hari ke-3 hasil trombosit pasien meningkat menjadi 13.000 dari batas normal yaitu 150.000 – 400.000. Terapi obat pasien terdapat DRP (drug related problem) yaitu ada indikasi tanpa obat. Dari terapi pasien, diketahui belum ada penambahan terapi menggunakan kortikosteroid. Oleh karena itu, diberikan saran kepada DPJP untuk penambahan terapi kortikosteroid untuk terapi evans syndrome.

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A special assignment report pharmacist professional work practice is writing at the RSUP Persahabatan with the purpose to find out and monitoring drug therapy for one of the autoimmune patients at RSUP Persahabatan on Juni 2023 period. This report used the drug therapy data of Evans Syndrome patients characterized by symptoms that appear with a decrease of platelets below the normal data and the results of the coombs test (antiglobulin test). The resutls was obtained that during the treatment, the patients’s platelet count decreased on the 1st day by 2000 from 150.000 – 400.000. Therefore, the patient was received a blood transfusion so on the 3rd the patient’s platelet was increased to 13.000 from 150.000 – 400.000. the patient’s drug therapy has a DRP which is a indications without drugs. From the patient’s therapy, it’s known that there hasn’t additional therapy using corticosteroids which the therapy of Evans Syndrome is using a corticosteroid. Therefore, the pharmacist advice to DPJP for the addition of corticosteroid therapy for Evans Syndrome."

"Background: autoimmune patients can be more susceptible to infection. Proper knowledge, perception, and practices towards COVID-19 are essential for these patients during pandemic. This study aimed to know their knowledge, perception, and practices regarding COVID-19. Methods: cross sectional study using online survey was conducted from April to May 2020. Patients with autoimmune disease were asked about demographic characteristics, diagnosis, history of treatment, knowledge, perception, and practice regarding COVID-19. Results: there were 685 respondents. Most of them were female and had systemic lupus erythematosus with median age of 37 years old. Almost all respondents had good knowledge regarding transmission of COVID-19 and did proper prevention practices. Adequacy of information and steroid or mycophenolate mofetil/mycophenolic acid (MMF/MPA) use were related to perception of the effect of pandemic to their own health. Visiting private clinic and receiving hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine sulfate or sulfasalazine were related to perception that autoimmune conditions would make them more prone to COVID-19. Work from home was related to perception that when contracting COVID-19, the symptoms would be more severe. Living in Sumatra region and getting hydroxychloroquine/ chloroquine sulfate or MMF/MPA were related to perception that autoimmune medications could reduce risk of getting COVID-19. Adequate information, university education, private clinic visit, and hydroxychloroquine/ chloroquine sulfate use were related to perception that COVID-19 pandemic would cause difficulties in getting medications. Conclusion: almost all respondents had good knowledge and practices regarding COVID-19. Adequacy of information, autoimmune treatment, work from home, educational background, area of living, and health care facilities contributed to perception regarding COVID-19 pandemic."