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"Latar belakang: Endometriosis merupakan pertumbuhan jaringan mirip endometrium yang abnormal diluar uterus Studi menunjukkan peran infeksi yang memicu proses inflamasi berhubungan dengan awal mula terjadinya endometriosis. Berbagai macam mikroorganisme penyebab infeksi dari vagina dapat migrasi keatas kemudian menginfeksi dan mengkontaminasi dinding uterus. Akibatnya terjadi akumulasi endotoksin pada cairan mentruasi maupun cairan peritoneal menyebabkan inflamasi dan memicu pertumbuhan endometriosis. Tujuan: Membuktikan adanya korelasi antara mikroorganisme yang ditemukan pada hasil kultur bilasan vagina dengan mikroorganisme yang ditemukan pada cairan peritoneum hasil laparoskopi perempuan usia reproduksi yang terdiagnosis endometriosis. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian analitik poltong lintang yang bertujuan untuk melihat adanya hubungan korelasi serta mengetahui tingkat korelasi antara mikroorganisme kultur bilasan vagina dengan mikroorganisme pada cairan peritoneum pasien endometriosis. Hasil: Hasil kultur bilasan vagina dari 31 subjek penelitian yang diteliti, mikroorganisme terbanyak adalah Enterococcus faecalis (32.3%), Eschericia coli (29.1%), dengan 16.1% dengan hasil kultur negatif. Sedangkan dari hasil kultur bilasan peritoneum terdapat 3 subjek (9.6%) dengan hasil positif yaitu dengan jenis bakteri Eschericia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, dan Pseudomonas. Terdapat korelasi lemah antara hasil kultur bilasan vagina dengan kultur bilasan peritoneum (r 0.13). Terdapat korelasi sedang antara kultur positif bilasan vagina dengan nyeri pelvik kronis, korelasi lemah antara kultur positif bilasan vagina dengan nilai Ca 125, dan korelasi lemah antara kultur positif cairan peritoneum dengan tuba kiri yang non paten. Kesimpulan: Sebagian besar bakteri dari bilasan vagina dan bilasan peritoneum pada pasien endometriosis memiliki hasil bakteri dari organ pencernaan. Terdapat korelasi lemah antara hasil kultur bilasan vagina dengan kultur bilasan peritoneum pada pasien endometriosis.

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Background: Endometriosis is an abnormal endometrial like-tissue growth outside the uterus. Studies show the role of infection that triggers the inflammatory process associated with the onset of endometriosis. Various kinds of microorganisms even normal flora causing infection of the vagina can migrate upwards then infect and contaminate the uterine wall. Due to retrogade mestruation, mestrual fluid can entered the peritoneal cavity. As a result, accumulation of endotoxin in menstrual fluid and with retrograde menstruation endotoxins in peritoneal fluid causes inflammation and triggers the growth of endometriosis.

Objective: To prove correlation between microorganisms in vaginal rinse cultures with microorganisms in peritoneal fluid culture in reproductive age women with endometriosis.

Methods: This research use consecutive sampling with 31 subjects reproductive age women with endometriosis who performed surgery procedure. Vaginal bilasan and peritoneal fluid culture were performed. Research was approved by our institutional ethics commitee for health research in 2016.

Results: Results of vaginal rinse culture of 31 subjects studied. Most of vaginal bilasan culture result in gastrointestinal bacteria. Most microorganisms were Enterococcus faecalis (32.3%), Eschericia coli (29.1%), with 16.1% with negative culture results. While the result of peritoneum rinse culture there are 3 subject (9.6%) with positive result that was with Eschericia coli bacteria type, Enterococcus faecalis, and Pseudomonas. There was weak correlation between vaginal rinse culture results and peritoneal rinse culture (r 0.13). There is a correlation between the positive culture of the vaginal rinse with chronic pelvic pain, between the positive culture of the vaginal rinse and Ca 125, and between the positive culture of the peritoneal rinse with the non-patent left tube.

Conclusion: Most of vaginal and peritoneal rinse culture in endometriosis patients result in gastrointestinal bacteria. There was weak correlation between vaginal swab and peritoneal rinse culture."

"Latar belakang: Pemberian nutrisi pada bayi prematur merupakan tantangan untuk mendorong pertumbuhan dan perkembangan yang optimal serta mencegah terjadinya Extra uterine Growth Retardation karena fungsi anatomis dan fisiologis yang belum sempurna. Pemberian fortifikasi pada ASI prematur merupakan salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan kalori tanpa harus menambah jumlah volume. Konsekuensinya ASI harus dipompa, ditampung, ditransport ke rumah sakit, disimpan, difortifikasi dengan Human Milk Fortifier, dan selanjutnya diberikan kepada bayi. Risiko kontaminasi dapat terjadi di setiap proses yang dilakukan. Pencampuran yang dilakukan di setiap jadwal minum sering menyebabkan ASI bersisa dan terbuang, karena kebutuhan dan kemampuan jumlah minum bayi yang masih sedikit, juga lebih berisiko terjadi kontaminasi karena kontak berulang dengan ASI. Pencampuran ASI dan HMF yang dibuat sekaligus dalam jumlah untuk kebutuhan 24 jam dan disimpan didalam lemari pendingin bersuhu 40C belum pernah dilakukan di unit neonatologi RSCM. Tujuan: Untuk melihat perbedaan angka kontaminasi kuman pada ASI perah, segera setelah dicampur dengan Human Milk Fortifier pada suhu 370C, dibandingkan dengan pencampuran pada suhu 40C dan kemudian disimpan selama 24 jam pada suhu 40C. Metode: Randomized Control Study dilakukan selama Januari-April 2021 di unit Neonatologi RSCM Jakarta pada 52 subjek, yaitu ibu yang memiliki bayi dengan usia gestasi kurang dari 34 minggu dan atau berat lahir kurang dari 2000 gram. Pemeriksaan sampel berasal dari ASI perah yang dicampur HMF dan dilakukan pemeriksaan kultur untuk mengetahui pola kuman dan jumlah kolonisasi untuk mengetahui ASI yang terkontaminasi. Sampel terdiri dari 3 bagian, kelompok kontrol (26 sampel), pencampuran ASI dan HMF dengan suhu 370C, kelompok perlakuan pre (26 sampel) yaitu pencampuran ASI dan HMF dengan suhu 40C serta kelompok perlakuan post (berasal dari sampel kelompok pre yang dibagi menjadi 2 bagian) yang disimpan selama 24 jam pada suhu 40C. Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan angka kontaminasi yang bermakna pada kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok perlakuan post (p=0,565), juga pada kelompok perlakuan pre dan post (0,107%). Jumlah kontaminasi pada kelompok kontrol sebanyak lima belas sampel (57,69%), kelompok perlakuan pre sebanyak 17 sampel (65,38%) dan perlakuan post sebanyak 18 sampel (69,23%). Simpulan: Tidak ada peningkatan risiko kontaminasi pada pencampuran ASI dengan HMF pada suhu 40C dibandingkan suhu 370C dan pada penyimpanan ASI perah yang dicampur dengan Human Milk Fortifier selama 24 jam pada suhu 40C.

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Background: Providing nutrition to premature babies is a challenge to encourage optimal growth and development and prevent Extra uterine Growth Retardation due to imperfect anatomical and physiological functions. Fortification of preterm human milk is one way to increase calories without increasing the volume. As a consequence, human milk must be pumped, collected, transported to the hospital, stored, fortified with Human Milk Fortifier, and then given to babies. The risk of contamination can occur in every process that is carried out. Mixing the human milk at each drinking schedule often results in leftover milk and wasted, due to the need and ability is still small in quantity to drink, is also more at risk of contamination due to repeated contact with human milk. Mixing human milk and HMF which is made together in quantities for 24 hours needs and stored in a refrigerator at 40C has never been done in the RSCM neonatology unit.

Objective: To determine the bacterial contamination of fortification human milk immediately after being mixed at temperature of 370C compared with mixing at 40C and then stored for 24 hours at 40C.

Methods: The randomized control study was conducted during January-April 2021 in the Neonatology unit of Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta on 52 subjects, who have babies with less than 34 weeks of gestational and or birth weight less than 2000 grams. Fortification of human milk was examined by doing culture to determine the bacterial contamination pattern and the number of colonization. The sample was divided into 3 parts, the control group (26 samples), fortification of human milk at 370C of temperature, the pre-treatment group (26 samples), fortification of human milk at 40C of temperature, and the post-treatment group (derived from the pre-group sample which was divided into 2 parts) stored for 24 hours at 40C.

Results: There was no significant difference in the number of contamination between the control and the post treatment group (p = 0.565), also in the pre and post treatment group (0.107%). The amount of contamination in the control group was fifteen samples (57.69%), the pre treatment group was 17 samples (65.38%) and the post treatment group was 18 samples (69.23%).

Conclusions: There was no increased risk of contamination in mixing human milk with HMF at 40C compared to 370C and in storing fortification of human milk for 24 hours at 40C."

"ABSTRAKStreet food is recognized as very important in the urban food supply. However due to the unsanitary conditions associated with most street food vending sites, the consumption of street foods is viewed as a potential health hazard. A cross sectional study was carried out from January to April, 1996 in order to assess the variability in the microbiological quality of different types of street foods in four urbanization areas (Atmajaya, Jl. Kendal, Thamrin and Pasar Jatinegara) of Jakarta. The possible influence of location and other related factors on the microbiological quality of street foods were also investigated. A total of 101 food samples, comprising of 11 food items (meals, meat, vegetable, staple and side dish) a beverage and ice were taken from the four locations and analyzed for Aerobic Plate Count (APC), Total Coliforms and E.coli using the pour plate and the most probable number techniques respectively. By using Aerobic Plate Counts as an Indicator, it was found that 6% of the overall food items had counts 105. In contrast E.coli was found in a larger number of the food items (25%). The highest bacterial counts were found in Nasi Rames (Rice, Fried Beef, Vegetables and Chili sauce (self made), 50% of the samples contained APC > 105 and 62.5% had E.coli present in them. Ayam and lkan goreng (Fried Chicken and Fried Fish) were comparatively safer food items. None of the samples contained E.coli and APC ranged from 103 to 104. Comparison between food types (high protein, low protein and meal} in the degree of bacterial contamination, showed significant differences between the meal and the high protein groups in the levels of Total Coliforms and E.coli Contamination (p<0.05). The meal group had higher bacterial counts. Further, foods that were composed of a larger number of ingredients had significantly higher counts of Coliforms than those with a single major ingredient. Statistical significant differences were found between the four urbanization areas in terms of APC counts (p<0.01) and Total Coliforms (p<0.05). These differences were attributable to the availability of basic facilities and sanitary conditions. The results indicate that handling practices, environmental sanitation and potable water supply are important factors influencing the microbiological quality of street foods."