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"Ketersediaan yang rendah dan permintaan yang tinggi akan energi minyak dan gas bumi di Indonesia menyebabkan perlu diadakannya eksplorasi terhadap potensi cadangan terbaru. Berdasarkan website ESDM, masih terdapat cukup banyak cekungan sedimen di Indonesia yang belum dieksplorasi dengan baik. Cekungan Ketungau merupakan salah satu cekungan yang belum dieksplorasi dan memiliki potensi cadangan hidrokarbon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi sub-basin menggunakan metode gaya gravitasi pada cekungan Ketungau. Sub-basin yang teridentifikasi diharapkan memiliki potensi sebagai cadangan hidrokarbon. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi area 7 sebagai sub-basin berdasarkan analisis gravitasi dan pertimbangan aspek geologi. Area 7 memiliki nilai anomali residual yang rendah; nilai FHD yang tinggi; dan ditentukan sebagai patahan berjenis patahan naik. Berdasarkan data tersebut area 7 yang memiliki luasan sebesar 401,92 km2 diyakini sebagai sub-basin yang akan berfungsi sebagai wadah dalam petroleum system. Penentuan komponen lain dalam petroleum system bisa dilakukan dengan metode geofisika lainnya. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat dijadikan acuan dalam penelitian selanjutnya.

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Lack of supply and high demand for oil and gas energy in Indonesia have led to the need for exploration of new potential reserves. Based on the ESDM site, there are still quite a lot of sedimentary basins in Indonesia that have not been explored properly. The Ketungau Basin is one of the basins that has not been explored and has potential reserves of doubt. This research aims to identify sub-basins using the gravity method in the Ketungau basin. The expected sub-basin has potential as a potential hazard. This study identified area 7 as a sub-basin based on gravity analysis and consideration of geological aspects. Area 7 has a low residual anomaly value; high FHD value; and is defined as a thrust fault. Based on these data, area 7 which has an area of ​​401.92 km² is believed to be a sub-basin that will function as a reservoir in the petroleum system. Other components in the petroleum system can be carried out by other geophysical methods. It is hoped that this research can be used as a reference in next studies."

"Analisis cekungan sedimen merupakan tahapan pertama yang berpengaruh terhadap keberhasilan suatu eksplorasi hidrokarbon. Cekungan sedimen pada penelitian adalah Cekungan Kendeng yang merupakan salah satu deposenter utama di Cekungan Jawa Timur. Potensi migas di Cekungan Kendeng juga masih menjadi pertanyaan, apakah memiliki hubungan dengan Cekungan Rembang yang telah terbukti sebagai penghasil migas di bagian utara ataukah migas berasal dari Cekungan Kendeng, hal tersebut terjadi akibat kondisi basement yang sangat dalam sehingga pola struktur yang berkembang pada basement belum dapat dipastikan karena sedimen yang tebal ditambah lagi penampang seismik yang dimiliki kurang baik. Metode Gravitasi yang dibantu data geologi serta penampang seismik yang terbatas, digunakan untuk membuat pemodelan bawah permukaan yang memuat informasi mengenai kedalaman basement, batas horizon formasi dan struktur geologi di lokasi penelitian. Berdasarkan hasil analisa data (Complete Bouguer Anomaly, Analisis Spektrum, First Horizontal Derivative, Second Vertical Derivative, dan Forward modelling), kedalaman basement pada Zona Kendeng lokasi penelitian berkisar 4 km – 5 km pada bagian tengah dan 6 km – 7,5 km pada Cekungan Kendeng bagian timur dan barat lokasi penelitian. Sedangkan kedalaman basement Zona Rembang lebih dangkal dibandingkan Zona Kendeng yaitu berkisar 2,5 km – 5 km. Berdasarkan kurva FHD-SVD serta data geologi, terdapat sesar-sesar naik arah barat-timur yang muncul di permukaan dan keberadaan sesar-sesar normal penyebab keterbentukan Cekungan Kendeng pada bagian basement dan Formasi Ngimbang. Oleh karena itu, metode gravitasi cukup efektif untuk mengidentifikasi basement serta posisi dari struktur geologi dalam pemodelan bawah permukaan

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.Sedimentary basin analysis is the first step that influences the success of hydrocarbon exploration. The sedimentary basin in this study is Kendeng Basin which is one of the main depocenters in the East Java Basin. The oil and gas potential in Kendeng Basin also still has questions, whether it originates from Rembang Basin which has been proven as an oil and gas producer in the north, or comes from Kendeng Basin, this occurs because the basement conditions are very deep so the structural pattern that develops the basement cannot be ascertained because thick sediments and The seismic cross-section does not show good horizon boundaries. The Gravity Method, assisted by geological data and limited seismic cross-sections, is used to create subsurface modeling that contains information about basement depth, horizon boundaries of a formation, and geological structure at the study site. Based on the results of data analysis (Complete Bouguer Anomaly, Spectrum Analysis, First Horizontal Derivative, Second Vertical Derivative, and Forward Modeling), the basement depth in Kendeng Zone ranges from 4 km – 5 km in the middle section and 6 km – 7.5 km in Kendeng Basin east and west of the study site, and the basement depth of the Rembang Zone is shallower than Kendeng Zone, which is around 2.5 km – 5 km. Based on the FHD-SVD curve and geological data, there are reverse fault in a west-east direction that appear on the surface, and there are normal faults that cause the formation of Kendeng Basin in the basement and Ngimbang Formations. Therefore, the gravity method is quite effective in identifying the basement and the position of geological structures in subsurface modeling."

"This study has successfully disclosed the rich assemblage of palynomorph within the Miocene sediment of the Barito Basin , South Kalimantan. It is characterised by the last occurrence of floschuetzia trilobata (middle/late miocene boundary) and the first occurrence of F. meridionalis (early/middle miocene boundary)."

"Ruteng , capital of Kabupaten manggarai, is situated in the river sediment basin between Poco Ranakan in the southeast and Poco Kuwus in the southwest, at an elevation of 1000 m above mean sea level (msl)...."

"The aim of this research is to analyze the public sector policy management in the management of Citarum river by using governance paradigm. The research used qualititive approach by using triangular sources techniques consisting of: the state, civil society, and private sector. The result shows that the management of drainage basin becomes a public matter involving the three main governance actors. However, the involvement of these three actors entails three implications: (1) the addition of core competence principle to the distribution of authority among actors, apart from ultra vires and general competence principles; (2) the addition of accessibility and effectiveness criteria in the affair distribution among the actors, apart from externality, efficiency, and accountability criteria; and (3) the revision of Government Regulation Number 38 year 2007 particularly on the affair distribution that involves non-state elements (civil society and private sectors) according to governance paradigm. More over there has been a need to revise the regulations related to the management of drainage basin."

"Mineral lempung merupakan filosilikat aluminium hidrat yang berdasarkan struktur kristalnya dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok utama, yaitu kaolinit, smektit, illit, dan klorit. Masing-masing kelompok mineral ini memiliki properti fisika & kimia tertentu yang berpotensi mempengaruhi kegiatan eksplorasi & eksploitasi minyak & gas bumi, seperti potensi penyempitan lubang bor, pelebaran lubang bor, dan lainnya. Untuk menghindari potensi-potensi tersebut, penelitian ini dilakukan pada Lapangan X di Cekungan Kutai dengan memetakan distribusi dari mineral lempung. Metode yang digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut adalah analisis petrofisika dan pemodelan 2D. Dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa mineral lempung yang ditemukan pada daerah penelitian adalah kaolinit, illit, klorit, & smektit. Dengan mineral kaolinit dan illit ditemukan mendominasi. Kaolinit mendominasi pada kedalaman relatif dangkal (741.5-4032 feet kedalaman vertikal sesungguhnya), sementara illit mendominasi pada kedalaman relatif lebih dalam (4032-6626.3 feet kedalaman vertikal sesungguhnya). Selain itu, ditemukan juga terjadi pengurangan volume kaolinit dan penambahan volume illit seiring bertambahnya kedalaman. Diinterpretasi bahwa keberadaan mineral lempung ini dipengaruhi oleh ketersediaan mineral induk, temperatur, air pori, & lingkungan pengendapan. Dan, distribusinya dipengaruhi oleh batas sekuen & sesar-sesar.

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Clay minerals are hydrous alumina phyllosilicates which based on their crystal structure divided into 4 major groups, that is kaolinite, smectite, illite, and chlorite. Each of these mineral groups has certain physical & chemical properties that have the potential to affect oil & gas exploration & exploitation activities, such as the potential of hole closure, hole enlargement, etc. To avoid this potentials, this research was conducted at Field X in the Kutai Basin by mapping the distribution of clay minerals. The methods used to achieve these goals are petrophysical analysis and 2D modeling. From this research it is known that the clay minerals found in the study area are kaolinite, illite, chlorite, and smectite. With the minerals kaolinite and illite found to dominate. Kaolinite dominates at relatively shallow depths (741.5-4032 feet true vertical depth), while illite dominates at relatively deeper depths (4032-6626.3 feet true vertical depth). In addition, it was also found that there was a decrease in the volume of kaolinite and an increase in the volume of illite with increasing depth. It is interpreted that the presence of this clay mineral is influenced by the availability of parent minerals, temperature, pore water, and the depositional environment. And, the distribution of these minerals is influenced by sequence boundary and faults."

"[Studi-studi model eksplorasi secara umum menjelaskan prilaku eksplorasi dengan analisis variabel geologi dan ekonomi pada tingkat makro seperti wilayah, provinsi dan negara. Pada kenyataannya, cadangan migas dan kedalaman sumur masing-masing menentukan tingkat volume temuan dan biaya pengeboran yang dijelaskan secara spesifik pada tingkat basin geologis. Penelitian ini fokus pada tingkat pengeboran eksplorasi (wells drilled) dengan analisis analisis variabel geologi dan ekonomi menggunakan 32 basin geologis di Indonesia dalam periode 2004-2014. Hasil estimasi model empiris menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pengeboran eksplorasi ditentukan oleh tingkat keberhasilan penemuan migas (lag of success rate), volume temuan migas (lag of discovery size of oil and gas) dan lokasi basin (region). Sedangkan variabel ekonomi yang menentukan tingkat pengeboran eksplorasi terdiri dari harga minyak dunia (lag of oil price). Selain itu, deplesi minyak berdampak signifikan menjelaskan tingkat pengeboran eksplorasi dengan karakteristik basin Indonesia yang didominasi oleh mature oil fields.

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Earlier studies of exploration models are generally characterized by equations describing the behavior of exploration at the macro-level analysis such as region, province or state-level. In reality, there is specific impact of geological basin characteristics to wells drilled’s decision. This study focuses on the geological and economic factors that particularly determine the wells drilled decision using an empirical model to analyze at the micro-level using disaggregated panel data of 32 geological basins in Indonesia over the period 2004-2013. The empirical results show that the number of wells drilled are determined significantly by lag of success rate, lag of discovery size of oil and gas and region of geological basin. Then, it shows that a lag of global oil price determined significantly the number of wells drilled, instead of a local oil price. Finally, oil depletion effect also determined significantly the number of wells drilled as the geological characteristic of geological basin dominated by mature oil fields., Earlier studies of exploration models are generally characterized by

equations describing the behavior of exploration at the macro-level analysis such

as region, province or state-level. In reality, there is specific impact of geological

basin characteristics to wells drilled’s decision. This study focuses on the

geological and economic factors that particularly determine the wells drilled

decision using an empirical model to analyze at the micro-level using

disaggregated panel data of 32 geological basins in Indonesia over the period

2004-2013. The empirical results show that the number of wells drilled are

determined significantly by lag of success rate, lag of discovery size of oil and gas

and region of geological basin. Then, it shows that a lag of global oil price

determined significantly the number of wells drilled, instead of a local oil price.

Finally, oil depletion effect also determined significantly the number of wells

drilled as the geological characteristic of geological basin dominated by mature

oil fields]"

"Lapangan “E” yang terletak di Cekungan Jawa timur yang merupakan salah satu Cekungan busur belakang (back-arc basin) dan berada pada tenggara dari lempeng Eurasia yang terbentuk karena proses pengangkatan, ketidakselarasan, penurunan muka air laut dan pergerakan lempeng tektonik. Cekungan ini dibatasi oleh busur Karimunjawa disebelah barat, memanjang kearah timur sampai ke laut dalam pada cekungan Lombok, dan mendangkal ke arah utara menuju Paternoster High. Penelitian ini terfokus pada formasi Ngimbang pada cekungan Jawa Timur, yang terdiri dari batuan sedimen klastik berbutir halus (batu lempung dengan alternatif batu lanau) dan batu karbonat berkembang secara lokal dan menggunakan 3 data sumur non produksi. Untuk mengkarakterisasi reservoar pada lapisan karbonat dan memprediksi nilai sifat fisik batuan seperti porositas, permeabilitas, kandungan lempung, dan saturasi air digunakan analisis petrofisika dan evaluasi formasi. Dengan metode pengukuran porositas menggunakan indikator neutron-densitas, menggunakan single-clay indicator dengan log gamma ray untuk mengetahui nilai kandungan lempung, menggunakan pendekatan nilai permeabilitas menggunakan model permeabilitas timur, metode pengukuran saturasi air menggunakan model persamaan Archie, dan menentukan zona reservoar hidrokarbon dari zona net produktif. Hasil penelitian pada reservoar hidrokarbon di sumur ini memiliki rata-rata nilai kandungan lempung 9%, porositas 17%, dan saturasi air 16%.

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Field "E" located in East Java Basin, which is one behind of the back arc basin and are in the southeast of the Eurasian plate formed due to the appointment process, misalignment, a decrease in sea level and the movement of tectonic plates. This basin is limited by the Publications arc to the west, extending eastward to the sea in the Lombok basin and shallow north toward Paternoster High. This study focused on the Ngimbang formation in East Java basin, which is composed of fine-grained clastic sedimentary rocks (stones silt loam with alternative rock) and carbonate rocks evolved locally and uses 3 non-production wells. To characterize the reservoir in carbonate coating and predicted values of rock physical properties such as porosity, permeability, clay content and water saturation used petrophysical analysis and formation evaluation. With a measurement method using indicator neutron porosity-density, single-use indicator clay with gamma ray logs to determine the value of the content of clay, using eastern permeability to predict a model of permeability and water saturation measurement method using Archie equation model and determine zones of reservoir hydrocarbons from the zone of net productive. Results of research on hydrocarbon reservoirs in these wells has an average value of clay content of 9%, 17% porosity and water saturation of 16%."