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"Energi listrik adalah hasil dari metode konversi, seperti dari konversi energi panas, konversi energi kinetik, konversi energi angin, dll, dan telah memungkinkan untuk mengkonversi energi matahari menjadi energi listrik dengan bantuan modul fotovoltaik. Tapi karena matahari tidak bersinar sepanjang waktu atau dengan intensitas yang sama, perlu kita untuk menyimpan energi listrik yang lebih untuk digunakan nanti. Untuk menyimpan energi listrik kelebihan ini, kita dapat membuat sebuah sistem yang menyimpan kelebihan energi ini dengan menyimpannya dalam Electrical Storage System (ESS). Dalam tesis ini, EES terdiri dari baterai yang dapat menyimpan kelebihan energi tetapi pada saat yang sama juga dapat menarik energi tergantung pada kebutuhan daya beban.Target dari skripsi ini adalah untuk menciptakan sebuah sistem penyimpanan energi listrik yang dapat dihubungkan dalam sebuah pembangkit listrik PV yang sudah ada. Sistem tersebut harus mencakup kontrol pengisian dan pemakaian baterai. Analisis State of Charge (SOC), tegangan operasi baterai, dan state control baterai akan ditampilkan dan dibahas.Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa baterai mampu di charge dan discharge pada radiasi tertentu dengan tegangan sistem yang diperlukan. Baterai mampu memberikan 200kW saat pemakaian.

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Electrical energy is the result of many conversion methods, such from heat energy conversion, kinetic energy conversion, wind energy conversion, etc., and it has been possible to convert solar energy directly to electrical energy with the help of photovoltaic modules. But since sun does not shine all the time or with equal intensity it is necessary to store any excess electrical energy produced during the day for later use. To store this excess electrical energy, we can create a system that saves the excess energy by storing it in an Electrical Storage System (ESS). In this thesis, the EES includes a battery that can store excess energy but at the same time be able to draw energy at any time of the day, depending on the load power requirement.

The target of this thesis is to create an electrical storage system that can be connected in an existing PV power generation. The system should include the battery's charging and discharging control. An analysis of the battery's state of charge (SOC), battery?s operating voltage, and battery state control will be discussed.

The result of the simulation shows that the battery is able to charge and discharge at a certain irradiance with the required system voltage. Battery is able to supply 200 kW when discharging."

"Kendaraan Listrik saat ini tengah digencarkan oleh pemerintah Indonesia karena kelebihannya untuk tidak menghasilkan emisi karbon dioksida. Kendaraan listrik memanfaatkan baterai sebagai sumber energi utama untuk menggerakan motor dan perangkat listrik yang digunakan. Pengisian ulang perlu dilakukan oleh baterai dikarenakan energi listrik yang terkandung akan habis diserap oleh komponen-komponen listrik yang digunakan. Perangkat pengisian baterai akan menerima energi listrik dari Jaringan Listrik Distribusi dengan sistem tegangan AC tiga fasa dan mengonversikannya menjadi sistem tegangan DC. Konversi tegangan tersebut akan dilakukan oleh perangkat yang disebut sebagai rectifier. Topologi 2 – level converter akan digunakan karena kemampuannya untuk mencapai sistem dengan unity power factor dan rendahnya tingkat harmonik arus. Metode kendali berorientasi tegangan dipilih dikarenakan tingkat dinamika yang tinggi serta performa statis yang baik melalui pengendalian arus lingkaran dalam. Pemilihan nilai parameter merupakan hal yang krusial dikarenakan dapat mempengaruhi kestabilan sistem. Pemodelan, simulasi, dan analisis sistem secara matematis perlu dilakukan sehingga sistem tetap berada di rentang kestabilan sesuai dengan batasan spesifikasi yang telah diperoleh.

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The Indonesian government is currently intensifying electric vehicles because of their advantages of not producing carbon dioxide emissions. Electric vehicles utilize batteries as the primary energy source to drive motors and electrical devices used. The battery's recharging needs to be done by the battery because the electrical energy will be entirely absorbed by the electrical components used. The battery charging device will receive electrical energy from the Distribution Electric Network with a three-phase AC voltage system and convert it into a DC voltage system. The voltage conversion will be carried out by a device called a rectifier. The 2-level converter topology will be used to achieve a system with a unity power factor and low current harmonic levels. The voltage-oriented control method was chosen due to its high dynamics level and good static performance through inner circle current control. The selection of parameter values is crucial because it can affect the stability of the system. Mathematical modeling, simulation, and analysis of the system need to be carried out to remain in the stability range according to the specification limits obtained."

"An active Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) tag is a low-power device, which is often used as a tracking device, where operation of this tag will be in remote areas from an electrical power source. Therefore, this device requires an independent power source. To meet these needs, solar power may be used, which can be accessed anywhere there is sunlight. Supercapacitors (SC) are used as an energy source to support a solar power system. The advantage of supercapacitors, as an energy storage device, is their long life cycle that means more charging and discharging processes compared to a conventional battery. The design and fabrication of a solar power system for an active RFID tag with supercapacitors as the energy storage will be covered in this paper."

"An active Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) tag is a low-power device, which is often used as a tracking device, where operation of this tag will be in remote areas from an electrical power source. Therefore, this device requires an independent power source. To meet these needs, solar power may be used, which can be accessed anywhere there is sunlight. Supercapacitors (SC) are used as an energy source to support a solar power system. The advantage of supercapacitors, as an energy storage device, is their long life cycle that means more charging and discharging processes compared to a conventional battery. The design and fabrication of a solar power system for an active RFID tag with supercapacitors as the energy storage will be covered in this paper."

"Penelitian ini berfokus pada analisis sistem pengisian baterai mobil listrik pada Stasiun Pengisian Kendaraan Listrik Umum (SPKLU) dan pengukuran kecepatan waktu pengisian berdasarkan jenis baterai yang digunakan pada mobil konsumen SPKLU. Pertumbuhan penggunaan kendaraan konvensional yang tinggi telah meningkatkan kebutuhan energi dan menimbulkan isu lingkungan, seperti emisi gas rumah kaca, yang mendorong peralihan ke kendaraan listrik. Infrastruktur SPKLU yang memadai sangat penting untuk mendukung adopsi mobil listrik dengan meningkatkan kecepatan dan efisiensi pengisian baterai. Infrastruktur SPKLU yang memadai dan efisien sangat penting dalam mendukung adopsi mobil listrik. Penelitian ini menyelidiki aspek teknis jaringan SPKLU yang mencakup instalasi, mesin pengisian, dan spesifikasi teknis yang mempengaruhi kecepatan dan efisiensi pengisian. Faktor-faktor seperti jenis baterai, kapasitas daya, sistem manajemen termal, dan kondisi lingkungan turut diperhatikan. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga membahas tantangan operasional dan teknis seperti fluktuasi tegangan dan dampaknya terhadap kinerja sistem. Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan wawasan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi, keandalan, dan kecepatan pengisian baterai di SPKLU. Upaya ini dapat dilakukan melalui optimalisasi penggunaan teknologi fast charging dan ultra-fast charging pada mesin pengisian, penerapan manajemen termal untuk menghindari panas berlebih selama pengisian, serta pengaturan kapasitas daya yang sesuai dengan jenis baterai kendaraan. Selain itu, analisis teknis terhadap fluktuasi tegangan dilakukan untuk meningkatkan stabilitas sistem dan mencegah kerusakan perangkat pengisian. Penelitian ini juga mendukung upaya pemerintah dalam mempercepat transisi ke mobilitas listrik di Indonesia dengan memberikan rekomendasi terkait perencanaan dan pengelolaan infrastruktur SPKLU yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan konsumen. Hal ini sejalan dengan kebijakan pemerintah yang diamanatkan dalam Peraturan Presiden No. 55 Tahun 2019 dan Peraturan Menteri ESDM No. 1/2023, yang mendukung percepatan ekosistem kendaraan listrik.

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This research focuses on the analysis of the electric vehicle battery charging system at Public Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (SPKLU) and the measurement of charging time speed based on the type of battery used in consumer vehicles at SPKLU. The high growth of conventional vehicle usage has increased energy demand and raised environmental issues, such as greenhouse gas emissions, which has driven the shift towards electric vehicles. Adequate SPKLU infrastructure is crucial to support the adoption of electric vehicles by improving the speed and efficiency of battery charging. A well-equipped and efficient SPKLU infrastructure plays a vital role in supporting the adoption of electric vehicles. This study investigates the technical aspects of the SPKLU network, including installations, charging machines, and technical specifications that affect charging speed and efficiency. Factors such as battery type, power capacity, thermal management systems, and environmental conditions are also taken into account. Furthermore, this research discusses operational and technical challenges such as voltage fluctuations and their impact on system performance. The results of this research are expected to provide insights into improving the efficiency, reliability, and speed of battery charging at SPKLU (Electric Vehicle Charging Stations). These efforts can be achieved through the optimization of fast charging and ultra-fast charging technologies in charging machines, the implementation of thermal management to prevent overheating during the charging process, and the adjustment of power capacity according to the type of vehicle battery. Additionally, technical analysis of voltage fluctuations is conducted to improve system stability and prevent damage to charging equipment. This research also supports the government’s efforts in accelerating the transition to electric mobility in Indonesia by offering recommendations related to the planning and management of SPKLU infrastructure that aligns with consumer needs. This is in line with government policies mandated in Presidential Regulation No. 55 of 2019 and Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No. 1/2023, which support the acceleration of the electric vehicle ecosystem. "