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"Latar Belakang: Ekspresi emosi penting untuk perkiraan kekambuhan ODS dalam rentang 9-12 bulan. ODS yang berasal dari keluarga dengan ekspresi emosi tinggi 60% mengalami kekambuhan. Pramurawat menanggung beban dalam merawat ODS serta stigma dari lingkungan. Pengetahuan yang tak cukup dapat meningkatkan stigma dan ekspresi emosi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan antar ekspresi emosi, beban, stigma, pengetahuan terhadap kekambuhan ODS. Metode: Penelitian studi potong lintang ini menilik 80 pramurawat ODS yang dirawat di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo dan RSKD Duren Sawit yang diambil secara consecutive. Setelah informed consent, dilakukan pengisian kuesioner sosio-demografi, alat ukur ekspresi emosi (Family Questionaire), beban perawatan (Burden Assessment Schedule), stigma (Stigma Items), pengetahuan tentang skizofrenia (Knowledge about Schizophrenia Interview). Hasil: Analisis bivariat menemukan hubungan bermakna ekspresi emosi, beban, stigma yang dialami pramurawat dengan kekambuhan ODS (p<0,001). Setelah dilakukan analisis multivariat ditemukan hubungan bermakna ekspresi emosi dengan kekambuhan ODS (p<0,006). Hubungan bermakna juga terlihat dari hubungan antara stigma dengan kekambuhan (p<0,004). Untuk beban dan pengetahuan tidak ditemukan hubungan bermakna dengan kekambuhan ODS. Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara ekspresi emosi, stigma yang dialami pramurawat dengan kekambuhan ODS.

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Background: Expressed emotion is known as predictor of relapse of person with schizophrenia in 9-12 months. Person with schizophrenia who comes from family with high expressed emotion has 60% relapse. Caregiver experiences burden of care and stigma from environment. Inadequate knowledge could increase stigma and expressed emotion. This research is aim to analyze association between expressed emotion, burden of care, stigma, knowledge of caregiver with relapse of person with schizophrenia.

Method: this research based on cross sectional design to analyze 80 caregivers of person with schizophrenia who had admited in RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo and RSKD Duren Sawit which has been taken consecutively. After informed consent, they answered question for socio-demography questionaire, Family Questionaire for expressed emotion, Burden Assessment Schedule for burden of care, Stigma Items, Knowledge about Schizophrenia Interview.

Result: Bivariate analysis has discovered the association between expressed emotion, burden of care, stigma which has been experienced by caregiver with relapse of person with schizophrenia (p<0,001). After multivariate anaylsis, it has been clear that expressed emotion has association with relapse (p<0,006). The association has been discovered for stigma with relapse (p<0,004). Burden of care and knowledge about schizophrenia has not associated with relapse.

Conclusion: There is association between expressed emotions, stigma which has been experienced by caregiver with relapse of person with schizophrenia. "

"Latar belakang: family caregiver (FC) anak dengan kanker mengalami berbagai tekanan psikologis. Tujuan: penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara beban perawatan dan kesiapan merawat terhadap kecemasan dan depresi family caregiver anak dengan kanker. Metode: kami merekrut subjek penelitian dari ruang rawat inap dan rawat jalan di PKN RSK Dharmais, Jakarta dari bulan Maret hingga April 2023. Depresi, kecemasan dan faktor yang mempengaruhi tekanan psikologis FC anak dengan kanker diidentifikasi dengan instrumen Patient Health Questionnaire, (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Zarit Burden Interview, (ZBI) dan Preparedness for Caregiving Scale (PCS). Hasil: 127 FC menyelesaikan pengisian kuesioner penelitian, dimana mayoritas mengalami beban perawatan kategori ringan, tidak siap memberikan perawatan, tingkat depresi dan kecemasan kategori ringan. Tingkat depresi FC cenderung dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh beban perawatan (0,001); kesiapan merawat (0,036). Sedangkan kecemasan dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh usia FC (18-45 tahun) (p=0,004), kategori kanker (p=0,018) dan beban perawatan (0,000). Kesimpulan: semakin berat beban perawatan dan ketidak siap FC dalam memberikan perawatan maka tingkat depresi dan kecemasan FC akan meningkat. Saran: diperlukannya merancang dan menargetkan intervensi psikososial untuk mengurangi beban perawatan, meningkatkan kesiapan merawat, menurunkan tingkat depresi dan kecemasan FC, sehingga dapat meningkatkan QOL pada populasi ini.

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Background: the family caregiver (FC) of children with cancer experiences various psychological pressures. Purpose: This study aims to identify the relationship between care burden and readiness to care for the anxiety and depression of family caregivers of children with cancer. Methods: we recruited research subjects from inpatient and outpatient wards at PKN RSK Dharmais, Jakarta from March to April 2023. Depression, anxiety and factors that affect the psychological pressure of FC children with cancer were identified by means of the Patient Health Questionnaire, (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Zarit Burden Interview, (ZBI) and Preparedness for Caregiving Scale, (PCS). Results: 127 FC completed the research questionnaire, the majority experienced the burden of mild category care, not ready to provide care, mild category levels of depression and anxiety. FC depression level tends to be significantly influenced by the burden of care (0.001); readiness to care (0.036). Meanwhile, anxiety was significantly influenced by FC age (18-45 years) (p=0.004), cancer category (p=0.018) and care burden (0.000). Conclusion: the heavier the burden of care and the unprepared FC in providing care, the higher the level of depression and anxiety. Suggestion: It is necessary to design and target psychosocial interventions to reduce the burden of care, increase readiness to care, reduce of depression and anxiety of FC, so as to increase QOL in this population."

"Pemasungan kerap dijadikan keluarga sebagai upaya terakhir untuk mengendalikan kondisi pasien dengan gangguan jiwa berat. Akan tetapi, alih-alih mengurangi beban, praktik pemasungan justru menjadi stressor baru bagi keluarga. Stressor ini muncul dalam bentuk beban perawatan yang meningkat karena pasien harus dirawat di rumah dan membutuhkan perhatian serta pengawasan secara terus-menerus. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah ingin mengetahui beban perawatan, serta dinamika koping caregiver dan noncaregier yang melakukan perawatan pada pasien gangguan jiwa berat selama masa pemasungan di wilayah urban dan rural yang berada di Kabupaten Manggarai. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam semi-terstruktur pada informan utama, informan kunci, dan informan tambahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa beban yang dirasakan oleh caregiver dan noncaregiver sangat bervariasi, baik dari aspek objektif dan subjektif. Variasi ini turut memengaruhi strategi koping yang digunakan, dimana setiap individu menyesuaikan cara mengatasi beban berdasarkan jenis beban yang dialami. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan kerja sama antara Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Manggarai bersama Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Manggarai dalam merancang program yang bertujuan untuk mengurangi beban perawatan serta mendukung penguatan strategi koping yang lebih adaptif, baik caregiver maupun noncaregiver.

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Restraint is often used by families as a last resort to manage the condition of relatives with severe mental illness. However, instead of decreasing the burden, this practice often becomes a new stressor for the family. This stressor emerges in the form of an increased caregiving burden, as the patient must be cared for at home and requires constant attention and supervision. The aim of this study is to explore the caregiving burden and the coping dynamics of both caregivers and noncaregivers who are involved in the care of patients with severe mental illness during the period of restraint in both urban and rural areas of Manggarai Regency. This research employed a qualitative method, with data collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews with primary informants, key informants, and additional informants. The findings reveals that the burden experienced by caregivers and noncaregiers varies significantly, both in objective and subjective dimension. These variation also influence the coping strategies employed, as each individuals adapts their coping mechanisms according to the type and intensity of the burden they face. Therefore, collaboration between the Manggarai Regency Government and the Manggarai Regency Health Office is essential in designing programs aimed at reducing the caregiving burden and strengthening more adaptive coping strategies for both caregivers and noncaregivers."