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"ABSTRAKBambu sebagai salah satu serat alam yang ada di Indonesia berpotensi menjadi penguat pada komposit yang ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan jenis komposit dan kuat lengkung dari komposit polipropilena/serat Bambu Tali (PP/SBT) sesuai dengan SNI 01-4449-2006 untuk papan serat dan kekeraannya. Serat Bambu Tali diberi perlakuan alkali sebelum dijadikan penguat komposit. Single Fiber Test dan analisa FTIR dilakukan pada serat Bambu Tali sebelum dan sesudah proses alkalisasi. Fabrikasi komposit menggunakan mesin ekstruder dengan variasi fraksi berat serat Bambu Tali 10wt%, 20wt%, dan 30wt%, dengan ukuran serat 0.5 mm. Uji lengkung dan kekerasan dilakukan pada komposit dan polipropilena murni, dan pengamatan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) dilakukan pada permukaan patahan uji lengkung. Hasil uji lengkung dan densitas menunjukkan bahwa komposit PP/SBT merupakan tipe Papan Serat Kerapatan Tinggi (PSKT) T1, dengan modulus lengkung dan kuat lengkung terbaik pada PP/SBT 30wt% masing-masing yaitu (79,01±4,47) GPa dan (36,97±3,03) MPa. Nilai ini meningkat 15,5% dan 25,6% dari polipropilena murni. Nilai uji kekerasan terbaik pada komposit PP/SBT 30wt% yaitu (61,86±0,67) HD yang meningkat 26% dari nilai kekerasan polipropilena murni. Hasil pengamatan SEM terlihat patahan serat terjadi pada permukaan patahan uji lengkung.

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ABSTRACT

Bamboo as one of the natural fibers in Indonesia has the potential to become an environmental friendly composite reinforcement. This study was conducted to determine the density of composite and bending properties of polypropylene/Tali Bamboo fiber (PP/TBF) composites in accordance with SNI 01-4449-2006 for fiberboard and their hardness. Tali Bamboo Fiber was treated with alkali before being fabricated. Single Fiber Test and FTIR analysis were conducted on Tali Bamboo fibers before and after the alkalization process. Composites were fabricated using an extruder machine with variations in the weight fraction of Tali Bamboo fiber i.e 10wt%, 20wt%, and 30wt%, with a fiber size of 0.5 mm. Bending and hardness tests were carried for composites and pristine polypropylene ; fracture surfaces after bending test were ensured using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The density and bending test results showed that all PP/TBF composites were categorized as Papan Serat Kerapatan Tinggi (PSKT) T1 type. PP/TBF30 composites had the highest bending modulus and strength of (79.01±4.47) GPa and (36.97±3.03) MPa respectively. These values increased 15.5% and 25.6% compared to the pristine polypropylene. The highest hardness value belong to PP/TBF30 i.e (61,86±0.67) HD, in which increased 26% from the value of pristine polypropylene hardness. SEM observations showed that fiber failure occurred on the fracture surfaces after bending test.

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"The use of composite materials with continuous fibers in the aircraft and aerospace industries requires a thorough knowledge of behaviors of these laminate composites under various loading conditions. Indeed, the aim of this work is to simulate linear and nonlinear behavior of a symmetric laminated composite under three-point bending tests. The modelization used is based on an analytical approximation that has been recently developed for isotropic materials. This approximation is still valid for the studied quasi-isotropic laminated composite because it is symmetric with a specific layer sequence. The overall response of laminate composite is determined from the behavior of each ply outside of their orthotropic axis. Two methods are used to calculate the equivalent longitudinal Young-modulus of the laminate. The result shows that when the deflection of the specimens is less than 2.5 times the thickness, the difference between the experimental and analytical curves is about 1% for the average global stresses method, and about 7.5% for the apparent bending modulus method. For large deflections, the difference relative to the first method remains less than 11% and the second method is about 20%."

"Penggunaan serat alam dapat menjadi alternatif penguat pada material komposit. Serat bambu merupakan salah satu serat alam yang dapat dijadikan penguat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kekuatan tarik dan lengkung dari komposit Polyester/ Serat Bambu Haur Hejo yang memenuhi syarat SNI 01-4449-2006 untuk papan serat. Proses alkalisasi menggunakan larutan NaOH dilakukan pada bambu Haur Hejo. Fabrikasi komposit dilakukan dengan metode laminasi basah dengan variasi fraksi berat bambu Haur Hejo sbesar 10 wt%, 20 wt%, dan 30 wt%. Uji tarik, uji lengkung, dan densitas dilakukan pada papan komposit, serta dilakukan pengamatan pada permukaan papan komposit sebelum dan sesudah pengujian. Komposit Polyester/Serat Bambu Haur Hejo 20 wt% memiliki nilai modulus tarik tertinggi yaitu (377,9 ± 38,7) MPa, nilai ini 66,05% lebih tinggi dari nilai modulus tarik Polyester. Nilai modulus lengkung tertinggi terdapat pada komposit Polyester/Serat Bambu Haur Hejo 30 wt% sebesar (3128,9 ± 341,5) MPa. Semua Komposit yang dihasilkan termasuk dalam kategori Papan Serat Kerapatan Tinggi mengacu pada standar SNI 01-4449-2006 dengan densitas komposit > 0,84 g/cm3. Hasil pengamatan morfologi komposit memperlihatkan adanya void, yang mungkin menyebabkan penurunan modulus dan kuat tarik untuk komposit dengan fraksi berat lebih dari 10 wt%.

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The use of natural fibers can be an alternative reinforcement in composite materials. Bamboo fiber is one of the natural fibers that can be used as reinforcement. This study aims to determine the tensile and flexural strength of Haur Hejo bamboo fiber/polyester that meets the requirements of SNI 01-4449-2006 for fiberboard. The alkalization process using NaOH solution was carried out on Haur Hejo bamboo. Composite fabrication was carried out by wet lamination method with a variation of Haur Hejo bamboo weight fraction of 10 wt%, 20 wt%, and 30 wt%. Tensile test, bending test, and density were carried out on composite, and observations were made on the composite surface before and after testing.

Haur Hejo Bamboo Fiber / Polyester Composite 20 wt% has the highest modulus of tensile value (377.9 ± 38.7) MPa, this value is 66.05% higher than Polyester tensile modulus. The highest flexural modulus is found in Haur Hejo Bamboo Fiber/Polyester Composite 30% wt% composite at (3128.9 ± 341.5) MPa. All Composites produced are included in the category of High Density Fiber Board referring to SNI 01-4449-2006 standard with composite density> 0.84 g/cm3. Composite morphology observations show voids, which might cause a decrease in modulus and tensile strength for composites with a weight fraction of more than 10 wt%."

"Material nilon memiliki banyak kegunaan dan aplikasi yang luas di berbagai bidang. nilon terkenal dengan higroskopisitasnya yakni menyerap kelembaban dari lingkungan sekitar dan juga rentan terhadap degradasi dengan adanya uap air pada temperatur tinggi. Penggunaan nilon dalam jangka waktu yang cukup panjang, perlu pertimbangan yang lebih lanjut mengenai kekuatan serta umur pakainya. Pelapis silika merupakan produk lapisan nano yang terdiri atas oksida dan silikon. Dengan dimensi yang kurang dari 100 nm dan disebut sebagai nanopartikel ini menawarkan berbagai keuntungan dalam memproteksi material seperti hidrofobisitas, stabilitas pH, dan konsistensi dimensi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh pelapis silika pada nilon hasil cetak tiga dimensi (3D) terhadap daya serap air dan uap air pada temperatur tinggi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan beberapa tahapan proses, dimulai dari pencetakan sampel dengan pencetakan 3D, pengaplikasian lapisan SiO2, perlakuan penuaan hidrotermal, analisa daya serap air dan desorpsi massa, uji tekuk, dan pengamatan melalui mikroskop elektron. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh pelapis silika yang diaplikasikan pada sampel nilon hasil cetak tiga dimensi (3D) terhadap penuaan hidrotermal, baik sebagai penghalang penyerapan kelembapan, kekuatan mekanis tambahan, dan juga pelindung terhadap pembebanan.

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Nylon material has many uses and wide applications in various fields. Nylon is famous for its hygroscopicity, namely absorbing moisture from the surrounding environment and is also susceptible to degradation in the presence of water vapor at high temperatures. When using nylon for a long period of time, further consideration is needed regarding its strength and lifespan. Silica coating is a nano-coating product consisting of oxide and silicon. With dimensions of less than 100 nm and referred to as nanoparticles, they offer various advantages in protecting materials such as hydrophobicity, pH stability and dimensional consistency. The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of silica coating on three-dimensional (3D) printed nylon on the absorption capacity of water and water vapor at high temperatures. This research was carried out in several process stages, starting from printing the sample using 3D printing, applying a silica coating, hydrothermal aging treatment, analyzing water absorption and mass desorption, bending tests, and observing via an electron microscope. The research results show that there is an effect of silica coating applied to three-dimensional (3D) printed nylon samples on hydrothermal aging, both as a barrier to moisture absorption, additional mechanical strength, and also protection against loading."