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Abstrak :
Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan sequential exploratory mixed methods, diawali dengan studi kualitatif fenomenologi pada remaja Jawa (N=8). Hasilnya adalah: (1) Rukun dipahami sebagai kerja sama dan tolong menolong, yang diusahakan dengan mencegah atau menutupi konflik, dengan cara menahan diri dan menjaga perilaku sesuai dengan tata krama Jawa; (2) Pemaafan pada remaja Jawa bukan hanya decisional forgiveness untuk rekonsiliasi, tetapi juga emotional forgiveness untuk kedamaian dalam diri. Pada tahap koneksi, skala Nilai Rukun dikembangkan dan model teori pemaafan ditinjau berdasarkan hasil penelitian kualitatif. Studi kuantitatif berikutnya (N=281) menunjukkan bahwa model persamaan struktural pemaafan pada remaja Jawa mempunyai kecocokan dengan data empiris.

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The present research is a sequential exploratory mixed methods study, started with qualitative phenomenological study on Javanese adolescents (N=8). The results has shown that: (1) Harmonious living is an action to cooperate and help each other, that maintained by preventing or covering conflicts through forbearing and applying Javanese manner; (2) Forgiveness in Javanese collectivistic adolescents is not only the decisional forgiveness for reconciliation, but also emotional forgiveness to reach intrapersonal peacefulness. Harmonious Value Scale was developed and forgiveness theoretical model was reviewed according to qualitative study results in the connecting stage. The following quantitative study (N=281) has shown that the structural equation model of forgiveness fit with data.

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Telah dilakukan penelitian bioekologi lalat buah (Bactrocera carambolae) (Drew and Hancock) dan (Bactrocera papayae) (Drew and Hancock) selama satu tahun (Februari 2011 ? Januari 2012) di Taman Buah Mekarsari, Cileungsi, Bogor, Jatibarang, Indramayu dan Pancoran Mas, Depok, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Kegiatan yang dilakukan meliputi penelitian sebaran populasi lalat buah B. carambolae dan B. papayae di lapangan, uji preferensi lalat buah di laboratorium, dan parasitasi parasitoid lalat buah pada tanaman belimbing, mangga, jambu bol, jambu air dan jambu biji. Penelitian sebaran populasi lalat buah dilakukan dengan cara pemasangan perangkap botol bekas air mineral yang beratraktan metil eugenol (ME) dan digantungkan pada tanaman inang ketinggian 2 m. Populasi lalat buah yang tertangkap dalam perangkap diamati dua kali dalam seminggu. Penelitian preferensi tanaman inang terhadap lalat buah dilakukan di laboratorium pada alat ?winntunel?, lalat buah betina dimasukkan dalam dalam sangkar lalat buah di bagian tengah yang dihubungkan dengan toples wadah buah inang di sekelilingnya. Melalui udara yang dialirkan dari toples buah ke sangkar lalat buah akan menarik lalat buah untuk memilih buah inang yang paling disukai. Peubah yang diamati meliputi jumlah lalat buah yang masuk, kerusakan buah, jumlah pupa dan perbandingan kelamin, pengamatan dilakukan setiap hari. Penelitian parasitasi parasotid lalat buah dilakukan dengan cara mengumpulkan buah-buah yang terserang sebanyak 30 buah/tanaman dibawa ke laboratorium disimpan secara terpisah satu buah dalam satu wadah toples. Buah-buah dipelihara sampai muncul imago lalat buah dan parasitoid yang muncul, diamati jenis parasitoid dan tingkat parasitasinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi lalat buah B. carambolae di Mekarsari sangat tinggi diperoleh pada belimbing Malaya, jambu biji Getas merah, jambu bol Jamaica, jambu air Citra, sementara di Indramayu sangat tinggi pada mangga Harumanis, dan di Depok populasi tertinggi pada belimbing Dewi. Populasi B. papayae tertinggi di Mekarsari pada mangga Manalagi, di Indramayu pada mangga Harumanis dan di Depok pada belimbing Dewi. Baik populasi B. carambolae maupun B. papayae tampak rendah pada belimbing di Welahan. Iklim memengaruhi fluktuasi populasi B. carambolae dan B. papayae. Preferensi dan perkembangan B. carambolae tertinggi pada belimbing Malaya diikuti mangga Manalagi dan untuk B. papayae pada pepaya California yang diikuti mangga Manalagi. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa preferensi dan perkembangan B. carambolae, B. papayae sangat rendah pada varietas belimbing Welahan. Parasitoid yang menyerang B. carambolae dan B. papayae di tiga tempat penelitian didominasi oleh dua spesies, yaitu, Diachasmimorpha longicaudata, dan Fopius arisanus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Tingkat parasitasi D. longicaudata lebih tinggi (21,9 ? 41,6%) dibandingkan F. arisanus (16,1 ? 38,9%) pada semua tanaman inang yang diamati;

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ABSTRACT
Bio-ecology research on fruit flies (Bactrocera carambolae) (Drew and Hancock), and (Bactrocera papayae) (Drew and Hancock) were conducted for one year (February 2011 - January 2012) at three different areas: The Fruit Garden Mekarsari, Cileungsi, Bogor, Jatibarang, Indramayu and Pancoran Mas , Depok, all in West Java Province. The activities included studies on dispersal of fruit flies population B. carambolae and B. papayae in the field, and preferences tests of fruit flies in laboratory, and parasitic of parasitoids of fruit flies on star fruits, mangos, guava bol, water guavas and stone guavas. The studies of dispersal of Fruit flies population distribution were conducted at the above three named areas, using used bottles of mineral water as traps containing methyl eugenol (ME) hung on the host plants at 2 m height. The Fruit flies populations trapped in the used mineral water bottles were observed twice a week. The research preference of host plants for fruit flies were conducted at the laboratory using wind tunnel equipment, and the female of fruit flies were placed in the middle of flies cages and connected to the surrounding host fruit containers. Through the air flow from containers to the cages fruit flies were attracted to choose the most preferred host fruits. The measured variables included the trapped amount of fruit flies, damage of fruits, pupa number and sex ratios, and the observations were conducted daily . The studies of parasicity of fruit flies parasitoid were conducted by collecting approximately 30 attacked fruits from each plant and kept individually in the laboratory. The fruits were retained until the imago fruit flies and parasitoids emerged, then the type of parasitoids and their level parasitoicity wer observed. The results showed that the fruit flies population B. carambolae was very high at Mekarsari derived from Malaya star fruits, guava Getas Merah, jambu bol Jamaica, water guava Citra, while the high level of population at Indramayu was observed on Harumanis mangos, and in Depok was on star fruits Dewi. The population of B. carambolae and B.papayae appeared to below on star fruits at Welahan. Climatic fluctuations affected the population of B. carambolae and B. papayae. The preference and the regeneration of B. carambolae were higher on Malaya star fruits followed by mango Manalagi (a variety of Mango) and B. papayae was from the California variety, followed by mango Manalagi. The study also showed that the preferences and regenerations of B. carambolae, B. papayae were very low on star fruit varieties Welahan. The domination of Parasitoids on B. carambolae and B. papayae attacks in the three research locations were two species namely, Diachasmimorpha longicaudata and Fopius arisanus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). The parasitoicity level of D. longicaudata was higher (21.9 to 41.6%) compared to F. arisanus (16.1 to 38.9%) on all of the observed host plants.;Bio-ecology research on fruit flies (Bactrocera carambolae) (Drew and Hancock), and (Bactrocera papayae) (Drew and Hancock) were conducted for one year (February 2011 - January 2012) at three different areas: The Fruit Garden Mekarsari, Cileungsi, Bogor, Jatibarang, Indramayu and Pancoran Mas , Depok, all in West Java Province. The activities included studies on dispersal of fruit flies population B. carambolae and B. papayae in the field, and preferences tests of fruit flies in laboratory, and parasitic of parasitoids of fruit flies on star fruits, mangos, guava bol, water guavas and stone guavas. The studies of dispersal of Fruit flies population distribution were conducted at the above three named areas, using used bottles of mineral water as traps containing methyl eugenol (ME) hung on the host plants at 2 m height. The Fruit flies populations trapped in the used mineral water bottles were observed twice a week. The research preference of host plants for fruit flies were conducted at the laboratory using wind tunnel equipment, and the female of fruit flies were placed in the middle of flies cages and connected to the surrounding host fruit containers. Through the air flow from containers to the cages fruit flies were attracted to choose the most preferred host fruits. The measured variables included the trapped amount of fruit flies, damage of fruits, pupa number and sex ratios, and the observations were conducted daily . The studies of parasicity of fruit flies parasitoid were conducted by collecting approximately 30 attacked fruits from each plant and kept individually in the laboratory. The fruits were retained until the imago fruit flies and parasitoids emerged, then the type of parasitoids and their level parasitoicity wer observed. The results showed that the fruit flies population B. carambolae was very high at Mekarsari derived from Malaya star fruits, guava Getas Merah, jambu bol Jamaica, water guava Citra, while the high level of population at Indramayu was observed on Harumanis mangos, and in Depok was on star fruits Dewi. The population of B. carambolae and B.papayae appeared to below on star fruits at Welahan. Climatic fluctuations affected the population of B. carambolae and B. papayae. The preference and the regeneration of B. carambolae were higher on Malaya star fruits followed by mango Manalagi (a variety of Mango) and B. papayae was from the California variety, followed by mango Manalagi. The study also showed that the preferences and regenerations of B. carambolae, B. papayae were very low on star fruit varieties Welahan. The domination of Parasitoids on B. carambolae and B. papayae attacks in the three research locations were two species namely, Diachasmimorpha longicaudata and Fopius arisanus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). The parasitoicity level of D. longicaudata was higher (21.9 to 41.6%) compared to F. arisanus (16.1 to 38.9%) on all of the observed host plants., Bio-ecology research on fruit flies (Bactrocera carambolae) (Drew and Hancock), and (Bactrocera papayae) (Drew and Hancock) were conducted for one year (February 2011 - January 2012) at three different areas: The Fruit Garden Mekarsari, Cileungsi, Bogor, Jatibarang, Indramayu and Pancoran Mas , Depok, all in West Java Province. The activities included studies on dispersal of fruit flies population B. carambolae and B. papayae in the field, and preferences tests of fruit flies in laboratory, and parasitic of parasitoids of fruit flies on star fruits, mangos, guava bol, water guavas and stone guavas. The studies of dispersal of Fruit flies population distribution were conducted at the above three named areas, using used bottles of mineral water as traps containing methyl eugenol (ME) hung on the host plants at 2 m height. The Fruit flies populations trapped in the used mineral water bottles were observed twice a week. The research preference of host plants for fruit flies were conducted at the laboratory using wind tunnel equipment, and the female of fruit flies were placed in the middle of flies cages and connected to the surrounding host fruit containers. Through the air flow from containers to the cages fruit flies were attracted to choose the most preferred host fruits. The measured variables included the trapped amount of fruit flies, damage of fruits, pupa number and sex ratios, and the observations were conducted daily . The studies of parasicity of fruit flies parasitoid were conducted by collecting approximately 30 attacked fruits from each plant and kept individually in the laboratory. The fruits were retained until the imago fruit flies and parasitoids emerged, then the type of parasitoids and their level parasitoicity wer observed. The results showed that the fruit flies population B. carambolae was very high at Mekarsari derived from Malaya star fruits, guava Getas Merah, jambu bol Jamaica, water guava Citra, while the high level of population at Indramayu was observed on Harumanis mangos, and in Depok was on star fruits Dewi. The population of B. carambolae and B.papayae appeared to below on star fruits at Welahan. Climatic fluctuations affected the population of B. carambolae and B. papayae. The preference and the regeneration of B. carambolae were higher on Malaya star fruits followed by mango Manalagi (a variety of Mango) and B. papayae was from the California variety, followed by mango Manalagi. The study also showed that the preferences and regenerations of B. carambolae, B. papayae were very low on star fruit varieties Welahan. The domination of Parasitoids on B. carambolae and B. papayae attacks in the three research locations were two species namely, Diachasmimorpha longicaudata and Fopius arisanus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). The parasitoicity level of D. longicaudata was higher (21.9 to 41.6%) compared to F. arisanus (16.1 to 38.9%) on all of the observed host plants.]

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memeroleh gambaran dan pemahaman mengenai faktor-faktor berperan dalam komitmen pernikahan para Tenaga Kerja Wanita (TKW) di desa Dadap, Indramayu dan bagaimana dinamikanya, dengan menggunakan kerangka teori Bioekologi. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus, data dalam penelitian ini dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, pengamatan partisipatif dan analisis dokumen terhadap berbagai sumber, seperti TKW, perangkat desa, budayawan setempat, warga, dan staf lembaga pemerintahan terkait. Sebagai informan kunci, TKW yang terlibat dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 11 orang, terdiri dari mereka yang masih mempertahankan pernikahan dan yang telah mengakhirinya. Partisipan dipilih secara purposive dan snowball. Menggunakan teknik analisis dari Miles, Huberman, dan Saldana (2014), temuan yang didapat dalam penelitian ini adalah tampaknya context makrosistem merupakan pre-determined bagi interaksi antara berbagai context lingkungan yang mengelilingi partisipan, yakni mikrosistem, mesosistem, eksosistem, dan karakteristik personal partisipan itu sendiri, yang mana berbagai interaksi tersebut berperan dalam dinamika komitmen pernikahan partisipan. Diantara berbagai context lingkungan yang saling berinteraksi tersebut, tampaknya interaksi antara individu dengan mikrosistemnya, dalam hal ini pasangan, atau yang dinamakan proximal process, dan karakteristik personal yang dihasilkan dari proximal process tersebut menjadi penentu utama komitmen pernikahan partisipan. Faktor lingkungan berperan sebagai pemicu timbulnya konflik dalam pernikahan partisipan dan sebagai faktor yang melatari proximal process dan karakteristik personal partisipan. Sementara itu, keputusan untuk tetap berkomitmen dan bagaimana partisipan merespon situasi sulit tersebut lebih banyak ditentukan oleh proximal process dan karakteristik personal partisipan yang dihasilkan dari proximal process itu sendiri. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa teori Bioekologi dapat menjelaskan komitmen pernikahan TKW di desa Dadap, Indramayu.;

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ABSTRACT
The objective of this research is to obtain a description and understanding of certain aspects portraying a marriage commitment on Indonesian female migrant worker (TKW) in the village of Dadap, Indramayu, as how dynamic those are, by utilizing the Bioecology theory framework. Utilizing a qualitative approach and having a case study design, data contained in this research are compiled by a means of interview, participatory observation, and documentary analysis against any resources, such as TKW, official community, society, and relevant government institution staff. As the key informant, TKW involved in this research comprised of 11 persons, some who keep striving their marriage and others are already divorced. Participants are selected purposively and snowball. Utilizing an analysis technique by Miles, Huberman, and Saldana (2014), the finding on this research exposes a macrosystem context which constitutes a pre-determined of interaction among environment context surrounded to participants, i.e. microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and their personal characteristic, of which those interaction play its role on a dynamic commitment of participants marriage.Among those interacted environment context, it appears interaction between individual with her microsystem (spouse), or it is called as proximal process, and personal characteristic resulted from a proximal process plays a major determination to participant marriage commitment. Environment aspect plays its role as a trigger of conflict within a marriage of participants, and as an aspect contributing proximal process and participant personal characteristic. While the decision to maintain a commitment and how participants respond to particular difficult situation are more determined by proximal process and personal participants characteristic resulting from its proximal process;The objective of this research is to obtain a description and understanding of certain aspects portraying a marriage commitment on Indonesian female migrant worker (TKW) in the village of Dadap, Indramayu, as how dynamic those are, by utilizing the Bioecology theory framework. Utilizing a qualitative approach and having a case study design, data contained in this research are compiled by a means of interview, participatory observation, and documentary analysis against any resources, such as TKW, official community, society, and relevant government institution staff. As the key informant, TKW involved in this research comprised of 11 persons, some who keep striving their marriage and others are already divorced. Participants are selected purposively and snowball. Utilizing an analysis technique by Miles, Huberman, and Saldana (2014), the finding on this research exposes a macrosystem context which constitutes a pre-determined of interaction among environment context surrounded to participants, i.e. microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and their personal characteristic, of which those interaction play its role on a dynamic commitment of participants marriage.Among those interacted environment context, it appears interaction between individual with her microsystem (spouse), or it is called as proximal process, and personal characteristic resulted from a proximal process plays a major determination to participant marriage commitment. Environment aspect plays its role as a trigger of conflict within a marriage of participants, and as an aspect contributing proximal process and participant personal characteristic. While the decision to maintain a commitment and how participants respond to particular difficult situation are more determined by proximal process and personal participants characteristic resulting from its proximal process, The objective of this research is to obtain a description and understanding of certain aspects portraying a marriage commitment on Indonesian female migrant worker (TKW) in the village of Dadap, Indramayu, as how dynamic those are, by utilizing the Bioecology theory framework. Utilizing a qualitative approach and having a case study design, data contained in this research are compiled by a means of interview, participatory observation, and documentary analysis against any resources, such as TKW, official community, society, and relevant government institution staff. As the key informant, TKW involved in this research comprised of 11 persons, some who keep striving their marriage and others are already divorced. Participants are selected purposively and snowball. Utilizing an analysis technique by Miles, Huberman, and Saldana (2014), the finding on this research exposes a macrosystem context which constitutes a pre-determined of interaction among environment context surrounded to participants, i.e. microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and their personal characteristic, of which those interaction play its role on a dynamic commitment of participants marriage.Among those interacted environment context, it appears interaction between individual with her microsystem (spouse), or it is called as proximal process, and personal characteristic resulted from a proximal process plays a major determination to participant marriage commitment. Environment aspect plays its role as a trigger of conflict within a marriage of participants, and as an aspect contributing proximal process and participant personal characteristic. While the decision to maintain a commitment and how participants respond to particular difficult situation are more determined by proximal process and personal participants characteristic resulting from its proximal process]

Abstrak :
Kawasan lahan gambut di Kabupaten Bengkalis memiliki tingkat bahaya kebakaran cukup tinggi terlihat dari adanya kebakaran lahan gambut setiap musim kemarau. Tujuan dari Riset ini adalah menganalisis kejadian berulangnya kasus kebakaran lahan, menganalisis upaya penanggulangan kebakaran lahan, menganalisis ketahanan lingkungan, dan mengembangkan model solusi kebakaran lahan. Hasil Riset terdapat hubungan yang sangat kuat antara faktor ekonomi, dan kebakaran lahan, indeks risiko kebakaran lahan sedang dan tinggi yang mendominasi, dan keberhasilan model solusi kebakaran lahan di Kabupaten Bengkalis berbasis pendekatan kebijakan pemerintah Kabupaten Bengkalis yang berwawasan ekologi dengan menggunakan aspek sosial dan ekonomi yang berkelanjutan, aspek pencegahan, perlindungan, dan pengamanan, dan aspek pengelolaan lahan bebas asap dan pendanaan yang berkelanjutan. Model ini merupakan pilihan untuk menghentikan dan mencegah terjadinya kebakaran lahan di Kabupaten Bengkalis. ......The peatland area in Bengkalis Regency has a relatively high fire hazard level, as can be seen from peatland fires every dry season. This research aims to analyze the recurrence of land fires and prevention efforts, environmental resilience, and developing a land fire solution model. The results of the study showed there is a robust relationship between economic factors and land fires, moderate and high land fire risk indexes dominate, and the success of the land fire solution model in Bengkalis Regency based on the Bengkalis Regency government policy approach with an ecological perspective by using sustainable social and economic aspects, aspects of prevention, protection, and security, and aspects of smoke-free land management and sustainable funding. This model is an option to stop and prevent land fires in Bengkalis Regency.