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"Summary:Assuming that some beginning students of biomechanics possess weak backgrounds in mathematics, this title includes numerous sample problems and applications, along with practical advice on approaching quantitative problems"

"Now in its Fourth Edition, Basic Biomechanics of the Musculoskeletal System uses a direct and comprehensive approach to present students with a working knowledge of biomechanical principles of use in the evaluation and treatment of musculoskeletal dysfunction. The text opens with a chapter that introduces the basic terminology and concepts of biomechanics; the remainder of the book then focuses on the biomechanics of tissues and structures, the biomechanics of joints, and applied biomechanics."

"Latar Belakang: Prevalensi UE-WRMSDs pada populasi pekerja masih tinggi dan kondisi ini menyebabkan kerugian bagi pekerja atau perusahaan serta menurunkan produktivitas kerja. Aspek terpenting pengendalian UE-WRMSDs adalah deteksi dini risiko pajanan di tempat kerja dengan menggunakan metode OCRA sebagai salah satu instrumen penapisan risiko. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat hubungan antara faktor individu pekerja, faktor lingkungan kerja, faktor biomekanika kerja berbasis OCRA dengan kejadian UE-WRMSDs pada kelompok pekerja pengrajin logam informal. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan disain potong lintang dan dilaksanakan pada Maret - Juni 2014 terhadap pengrajin logam informal Citeureup-Kabupaten Bogor. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner yang meliputi karakteristik sosiodemografi, analisis rekaman proses kerja dengan metode OCRA, pengukuran bising ambien dengan Sound Level Meter, pengukuran vibrasi segmental dengan Accelerometer serta stresor kerja dengan Survey Diagnosis Stres. Hasil: Prevalensi UE-WRMSDs pada pengrajin logam informal sebesar 59.1%. Faktor pajanan di tempat kerja yang berisiko terhadap kejadian UE-WRMSDs adalah pajanan vibrasi segmental instrumen kerja (OR 5.79, 95% CI 1.14-29.49). Tidak didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara kejadian UE-WRMSDs dengan usia, IMT, kebiasaan aktivitas fisik, kebisingan ambien, kebiasaan merokok, skor indeks OCRA dan stresor kerja. Simpulan dan Saran: Penanggulangan UE-WRMSDs ditentukan melalui deteksi dini, tatalaksana yang tepat dan kesadaran pekerja untuk segera berobat saat mengalami keluhan. Diperlukan suatu analisis menyeluruh selama waktu kerja menggunakan instrumen OCRA terhadap jenis pekerjaan yang bervariasi untuk hasil yang lebih akurat.

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Background: UE-WRMSDs prevalence of working population is quite high and this condition causes harm to workers or the company as well as decreasing productivity. The most important aspect of UE-WRMSDs management is early detection of risk exposure in the workplace by using OCRA as risk screening instrument. This study examines the relationship between worker’s individual factors, working environment factors and biomechanical factors with UE-WRMSDs incidence of the metalworkers informal groups.

Method: This study used a cross-sectional design involving metalworkers informal groups in Citeureup-Bogor from March - June 2014. Data is collected using questionnaire included sociodemographic characteristics, analysis of recorded-working process with OCRA method. Measurements of ambient noise, segmental vibration and work stressors were using Sound Level Meter, accelerometer and Stress Diagnosis Survey questionnaire respectively.

Result: UE-WRMSDs prevalence on metal workers informal groups is 59.1%. The risk of workplace exposure for UE-WRMSDs is segmental vibration exposure of working instrument (OR 5.79, 95% CI 1.14-29.49). There were no statistically significant results between the incidence of the UE-WRMSDs with age, BMI, physical activity habits, ambient noise, smoking habits, OCRA index score and work stressors.

Conlusion and Recommendation: Management of UE-WRMSDs is determined through early detection and worker’s awareness to seek proper medical treatment immediately when experiencing complaints. Complete analysis of working process for various type of work using OCRA instrument are required for obtaining more accurate results."

"To obtain a final occlusion, torque is needed to place the teeth in a precise labiolingual or buccolingual position. Biomechanically principles and arch manipulation is compulsory to produce torque movement. This paper discusses the technique to produce torque and its biomechanical principles. There are two kinds of torque, root torque and crown torque which can be done on anterior as well as posterior teeth by holding the crown in its position while applying a moment of a force on the rest, root torque can be obtained. In root torque, the center of rotation is at the incisal edge or at the bracket with a 12:1 moment to force ratio. Torque can be produced by using retrangular wire or using torquing auxiliaries. Torque movement is frequently needed in orthodontic treatment which needs a through understanding a biomechanical principles."

"ABSTRAKSaat ini industri konstruksi dan bangunan memegang peranan penting. Namun, praktik-praktik pembangunan diakui sebagai salah satu kontributor utama permasalahan lingkungan terutama dalam pengeluaran energi listrik. Fakultas Teknik UI merupakan salah satu pemakaian listrik terbesar di kampus UI. Maka dengan hal tersebut, dibutuhkan suatu energi alternatif untuk mengurangi biaya operational FT UI. Salah satunya adalah dengan pemanfaatan ground reaction force pada aktivitas berjalan sebagai alternatif di FT UI. Berdasarkan dari hasil penelitian sebelumnya, nilai Ground Reaction Force (GRF) dan Energi Potensial saat manusia melakukan aktivitas berjalan perubahan ketinggian lantai sedalam 5 cm menghasilkan nilai yang terbesar. Maka dengan hal tersebut, perlu adanya analisis biomekanik pada aktivitas berjalan normal sebagai atribut perancangan energy floor (perubahan ketinggian pada lantai) dengan inverse dynamics model untuk mengetahui tingkat kenyamanan pada aktivitas berjalan terhadap faktor ketinggian lantai dinamis tersebut dengan melakukan perhitungan joint moment pada knee dan ankle. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan hasil bahwa rata-rata nilai joint moment pria Indonesia pada saat berjalan pada lantai dinamis 5 cm mempunyai nilai lebih kecil daripada lantai statis. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan tingkat kenyamanan pada sendi pada segmen leg dan foot masih berada kondisi nyaman ketika berjalan di lantai dinamis 5 cm.

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ABSTRACTCurrently, the building and construction industry play an important role. However, development practices recognized as one of the main contributors to environmental problems especially in the production of electrical energy. Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia (FT UI) is one of the largest on-campus electrical consumption of the UI. Because of that, needs an alternative energy to reduce the operational costs of the FT UI. One of them is with utilization of Ground Reaction Force (GRF) on the activity of walking as an alternative at FT UI. Based on the results of previous study, the value of GRF and the potential energy of human gait (walking) on the floor height change as deep as 5 cm yield the greatest value. Therefore, the need for analysis of biomechanics in human gait as design attributes of energy floor (elevation changes on the floor) with inverse dynamics model to find out the level of comfort on the human gait to the floor height of the dynamic factor by doing the calculation of knee and ankle joint moments. Based on the results that the average value of joint moment male Indonesian that walked on the dynamics floor has a value of 5 cm smaller that static floor. In summary, the comfort level can be summed up in the joint segment of the leg and foot were still comfortable conditions when walking on the dynamics floor of 5 cm."