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Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tingkat efektivitas dewan komisaris dan komite audit serta kepemilikan keluarga terhadap luasnya pengungkapan lingkungan pada perusahaan-perusahaan publik yang terdaftar di dalam Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan menggunakan regresi data panel model fixed effect dengan total sampel sebanyak 222 perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia selama periode tahun 2008 sampai dengan tahun 2012. Hasil dari penelitian ini menemukan bahwa rata-rata tingkat pengungkapan lingkungan adalah sebesar 3,38% yang menunjukkan tingkat pengungkapan lingkungan masih relatif rendah yang kemungkinan disebabkan belum ada ketentuan mengenai apa saja yang harus diungkapkan terkait pengungkapan lingkungan. Rata-rata skor efektivitas dewan komisaris dan komite audit berada pada kategori ‘fair’. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa efektivitas dewan komisaris dan efektivitias komite audit memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pengungkapan lingkungan, sedangkan kepemilikan keluarga memiliki pengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap pengungkapan lingkungan.

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ABSTRACT
The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of the level of board commissioner and audit committee effectiveness as well as family ownership of the extent of environmental disclosure in public listed companies at the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). This study use fixed effects model of panel regression for hypothesis testing, with a total sample of 222 listed companies at Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period of 2008 to 2012. The findings reveal that the average level of environmental disclosure of is at 3.38% which relatively is stil very low. This may due to there is no mandatory requirement on what to disclose in environmental disclosure. The average score of the board of commissioner and audit committee effectiveness are in the 'fair' category. In addition, this study also reveals that the board of commissioner effectiveness and audit committee effectiveness have a positive and significant impact on environmental disclosure, while family ownership have negative and significant impact on environmental disclosure.;The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of the level of board commissioner and audit committee effectiveness as well as family ownership of the extent of environmental disclosure in public listed companies at the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). This study use fixed effects model of panel regression for hypothesis testing, with a total sample of 222 listed companies at Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period of 2008 to 2012. The findings reveal that the average level of environmental disclosure of is at 3.38% which relatively is stil very low. This may due to there is no mandatory requirement on what to disclose in environmental disclosure. The average score of the board of commissioner and audit committee effectiveness are in the 'fair' category. In addition, this study also reveals that the board of commissioner effectiveness and audit committee effectiveness have a positive and significant impact on environmental disclosure, while family ownership have negative and significant impact on environmental disclosure.;The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of the level of board commissioner and audit committee effectiveness as well as family ownership of the extent of environmental disclosure in public listed companies at the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). This study use fixed effects model of panel regression for hypothesis testing, with a total sample of 222 listed companies at Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period of 2008 to 2012. The findings reveal that the average level of environmental disclosure of is at 3.38% which relatively is stil very low. This may due to there is no mandatory requirement on what to disclose in environmental disclosure. The average score of the board of commissioner and audit committee effectiveness are in the 'fair' category. In addition, this study also reveals that the board of commissioner effectiveness and audit committee effectiveness have a positive and significant impact on environmental disclosure, while family ownership have negative and significant impact on environmental disclosure., The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of the level of board commissioner and audit committee effectiveness as well as family ownership of the extent of environmental disclosure in public listed companies at the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). This study use fixed effects model of panel regression for hypothesis testing, with a total sample of 222 listed companies at Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period of 2008 to 2012. The findings reveal that the average level of environmental disclosure of is at 3.38% which relatively is stil very low. This may due to there is no mandatory requirement on what to disclose in environmental disclosure. The average score of the board of commissioner and audit committee effectiveness are in the 'fair' category. In addition, this study also reveals that the board of commissioner effectiveness and audit committee effectiveness have a positive and significant impact on environmental disclosure, while family ownership have negative and significant impact on environmental disclosure.]

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Tesis ini menganalisis efek entrenchment pemegang saham pengendali terhadap tindakan penghindaran pajak perusahaan, serta melihat peran kepemilikan keluarga, efektifitas dewan komisaris, efektifitas komite audit, dan kualitas audit eksternal terhadap hubungan antara efek entrenchment pemegang saham pengendali dengan tindakan penghindaran pajak perusahaan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode data panel model efek fixed. Hasil pengujian penelitian ini terhadap sampel perusahaan manufaktur dari tahun 2010 sampai tahun 2013 yang berjumlah 280 tahun perusahaan menunjukkan bahwa efek entrenchment pemegang saham pengendali berpengaruh negatif terhadap tindakan penghindaran pajak perusahaan. Hasil uji lainnya menemukan bahwa kepemilikan keluarga sebagai pemegang saham pengendali secara empiris tidak berpengaruh terhadap hubungan efek entrenchment pemegang saham pengendali dengan tindakan penghindaran pajak perusahaan. Efektifitas dewan komisaris terbukti memperlemah hubungan antara efek entrenchment pemegang saham pengendali dengan tindakan penghindaran pajak perusahaan. Sebagian hasil uji menemukan bahwa efektifitas komite audit juga memperlemah hubungan antara efek entrenchment pemegang saham pengendali dengan tindakan penghindaran pajak perusahaan. Namun, kualitas audit eksternal tidak terbukti memperlemah hubungan antara efek entrenchment pemegang saham pengendali dengan tindakan penghindaran pajak perusahaan.

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ABSTRACT
The objective of this research is to analyze the entrenchment effect of controlling shareholders on a tax avoidance, as well as looking at the role of family ownership, the effectiveness of board of commissioners, the effectiveness of audit committee, and external audit quality on the relationship between the entrenchment effect of controlling shareholders on tax avoidance. This research is a quantitative research using panel data and fixed effects model. Sample of this research is 280 year firm with an observation period of 2010 until 2013. The research find that the entrenchment effect of controlling shareholders has a negative effect on tax avoidance. Other test results show that when the family as the controlling shareholder, entrenchment effect of controlling shareholder do not affect on tax avoidance. Effectiveness of board of commissioners proved to weaken the relationship between entrenchment effect of controlling shareholders with tax avoidance. Little test result show that audit committee effectiveness weakens the relationship between entrenchment effect of controlling shareholders with tax avoidance. However, the role of external audit quality does not proven to weaken the relationship between the entrenchment effect of controlling shareholders with tax avoidance.