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"Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat efek temperatur cairan irigasi terhadap perubahan temperatur inti badan selama prosedur Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP). Suatu uji klinis acak terkontrol dilakukan terhadap 32 penderita pembesaran prostat jinak (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia = BPH) yang menjalani prosedur TURP di RSUPNCM Jakarta, antara bulan September 2003 dan Januari 2004. Secara acak berselang-seling, penderita penelitian dimasukkan ke dalam kelompok standar (menggunakan cairan irigasi setara temperatur kamar + 23.60C) dan kelompok isotermik (menggunakan cairan irigasi yang dihangatkan sampai setara dengan temperatur badan + 37.20C). Jenis cairan irigasi yang digunakan oleh kedua kelompok adalah aquabidest. Kemudian dilakukan pencatatan terhadap usia penderita, lama reseksi, berat jaringan prostat yang direseksi, volume total cairan irigasi yang digunakan, temperatur kamar operasi serta temperatur inti badan sebelum dan sesudah prosedur TURP. Uji hipotesis untuk kedua kelompok menggunakan uji t, dengan nilai p < 0,05 dianggap bermakna. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat penurunan temperatur inti badan selama prosedur TURP, baik pada kelompok standar maupun pada kelompok isotermik (keduanya p = 0,000), tetapi tidak satupun penderita dari kedua kelompok tersebut yang masuk dalam kriteria hipotermi. Rerata penurunan temperatur inti badan pada kelompok standar (0,990C) lebih besar dibandingkan dengan kelompok isotermik (0,750C), tetapi secara statistik tidak berbeda bermakna (p > 0,05). Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan cairan irigasi selama prosedur TURP baik dengan temperatur yang setara dengan temperatur badan maupun yang setara dengan temperatur kamar, sama-sama menyebabkan penurunan temperatur inti badan pada tingkat yang kurang lebih sama. (Med J Indones 2005; 14: 152-6)

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The objective of this study was to determine the effect of irrigating fluid temperature on core body temperature changes in patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). A cross sectional study was conducted on 32 patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) who underwent TURP at our institution between September 2003 and January 2004. Patients were randomized to one of two groups. Standard group consisted of 16 patients who received room temperature irrigating fluid (± 23.6 0C) throughout TURP. Isothermic group consisted of 16 patients whose procedure was performed using warmed irrigating fluid (± 37.2 0C). The irrigating fluid used for both groups was aquabidest. The age, resection time, weight of resected prostate, amount of irrigating fluid used, temperature in the operating theatre, core body temperature at beginning and at conclusion of TURP were recorded for each patient. The t test was used for comparison between both groups and a p value of 0.05 or less was considered significant. The result of this study showed a decrease of core body temperature during TURP, using either room temperature or warmed irrigating fluid (both p = 0.000). None of the patients in either group demonstrated any criteria of hypothermia. The average decrease of core body temperature in standard group (0.99 0C) was greater than in isothermic group (0.75 0C), but it was not significantly different (p > 0.05). In conclusion, our study revealed that using either room temperature irrigating fluid or warmed irrigating fluid during TURP could decrease core body temperature at approximately similar level, with no incidence of hypothermia. (Med J Indones 2005; 14: 152-6)"

"Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat efek temperatur cairan irigasi terhadap perubahan temperatur inti badan selama prosedur Transurethral Resection of the Prostate ( TURP ).Suatu uji klinis acak terkontrol dilakukan terhadap 32 penderita pembesaran prostat jinak (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia = BPH) yang menjalani prosedur TURP di RSUPNCM Jakarta, antara bulan September 2003 dan Januari 2004. Secara acak berselang-seling, penderita penelitian dimasukkan ke dalam kelompok standar (menggunakan cairan irigasi setara temperatur kamar) dan kelompok isotermik (menggunakan cairan irigasi yang dihangatkan sampai setara dengan temperatur badan). Jenis cairan irigasi yang digunakan oleh kedua kelompok adalah aquabidest. Kemudian dilakukan pencatatan terhadap usia penderita, lama reseksi, berat jaringan prostat yang direseksi, total volume cairan irigasi yang digunakan, temperatur kamar operasi serta temperatur inti badan sebelum dan sesudah prosedur TURP. Uji hipotesis untuk kedua kelompok menggunakan uji t, dengan nilai p < 0,05 dianggap bermakna.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat penurunan temperatur inti badan selama prosedur TURP, baik pada kelompok standar maupun pada kelompok isotermik (keduanya p = 0,000 ), tetapi tidak satupun penderita dari kedua kelompok tersebut yang masuk dalam kriteria hipotermi. Rerata penurunan temperatur inti badan pada kelompok standar ( 0,99 °C ) lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan kelompok isotermik ( 0,75 °C ), tetapi secara statistik tidak berbeda bermakna (p > 0,05 ).Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan cairan irigasi selama prosedur TURP baik dengan temperatur yang setara dengan temperatur badan maupun yang setara dengan temperatur kamar, sama - sama menyebabkan penurunan temperatur inti badan pada tingkat yang kurang lebih sama.

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The objective of the study is to determine the effect of irrigating fluid temperature on core body temperature changes in patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP ).

A prospective trial was conducted on 32 patients with diagnosis Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH ) who underwent TURP at our institution between September 2003 and January 2004. Patients were randomized to one of two groups. Standard group consisted of 16 patients who received room temperature irrigating fluid (± 23.6 °C) throughout TURP. Isothermic group consisted of 16 patients whose procedure was performed using warmed irrigating fluid ( ± 37.2 °C ). The irrigating fluid used for both groups was aquabidest. The age, resection time, weight of resected prostate, amount of irrigating fluid used, temperature in the operating theatre, core body temperature at beginning and conclusion of TURP were recorded for each patient. All p value was calculated with the t test and a p value of 0.05 or less was considered significant.

The result of this study showed that there was a decrease of core body temperature during TURP, using either room temperature irrigating fluid or warmed irrigating fluid ( both p = 0.000 ). None of the patients in either group demonstrated any criteria of hypothermia. The average decrease of core body temperature in standard group ( 0.99 °C ) was greater than in isothermic group ( 0.75 °C ), but it was not significantly different (p > 0.05 ).

In conclusion, our study revealed that using either room temperature irrigating fluid or warmed irrigating fluid during TURP could decrease core body temperature at approximately similar level."

"Karya Ilmiah Akhir ini merupakan gambaran pelaksanaan kegiatan praktik keperawatan ners spesialis anak selama satu tahun yang dimulai dari tanggal 3 Oktober 2011 sampai dengan 20 April 2012 yang menerapkan peran dan fungsi dari ners spesialis keperawatan anak. Karya Ilmiah Akhir ini memfokuskan pada aplikasi Teori Konservasi Levine dalam asuhan keperawatan klien anak yang mengalami peningkatan suhu tubuh di ruang perawatan penyakit infeksi. Pengkajian yang dilakukan meliputi konservasi energi, konservasi integritas struktur, konservasi integritas personal dan konservasi integritas sosial. Tropikognosis dan justifikasi yang dirumuskan meliputi dari keempat konservasi tersebut. Hipotesa, planning dan implementasi disesuaikan dengan konservasi energi, konservasi integritas struktur, konservasi integritas personal dan konservasi integritas sosial. Dari hasil evaluasi didapatkan bahwa kelima kasus klien terpilih yang mengalami peningkatan suhu tubuh setelah diberikan asuhan keperawatan, didapatkan hasil 5 klien semuanya terbebas dari demam dan semuanya pulang dengan kondisi bebas demam. Selanjutnya dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan pada klien anak, residen merekomendasikan untuk menerapkan prinsip caring, atraumatic care, family centered care dan upaya pencegahan infeksi nosokomial dengan cara bekerja sesuai dengan standar operasional prosedur dan standar asuhan keperawatan serta memperhatikan prinsip sterilitas dan teknik aseptik yang dapat dilakukan dengan tindakan cuci tangan dengan handrub. Sebagai inovator residen melakukan modifikasi ruang tindakan menjadi ruangan yang bernuansa anak untuk meminimalkan atraumatic care dan residen juga melakukan discharge planning dimulai dari pasien baru sampai pasien pulang dan membuat media penkes sebagai media untuk melakukan pendidikan kesehatan pada orang tua dan keluarga pasien.

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This final scientific paper is a clinical nursing practice report of pediatrics nurse specialist practice that is conducted for one year from 3rd October 2011 until 20th April 2012 by applying the role and function of pediatrics nurse specialist. The paper is focusing on the application of Levine’s conservation theory into nursing care of children suffering from hyperthermia in infection ward. The assessment that is performed including conservation of energy, the structure of conservation integrity, personal integrity conservation, and social integrity conservation. Tropicognoses and justification, which are formulated including the fourth areas of conservation. Hipotesa, plan, and implementation are customized with conservation of energy, the structure of conservation integrity, personal integrity conservation, and social integrity conservation. Based on the conducted evaluation, it was resulted that from five chosen clients who suffering from hypothermia, after receiving nursing care they were recover from hyperthermia and discharged home with normal body temperature. Moreover, in providing nursing care to children, resident recommends to apply the principal of caring, atraumatic care, family centered care and effort preventing nosocomial infection by working based on standard operating procedure and nursing care standard, and also applying sterile principal and aseptic technique by washing hand with handrub. As an innovator, resident modified the intervention room as a child room with some decorations in order to minimize atraumatic care. The resident was also made a discharge planning with starting from obtaining new patient until discharging home, and provided health education for parents and family of clients."

"ABSTRAKPendahuluan: Pasien pascaoperasi berisiko mengalami perubahan suhu tubuh. Upaya tubuh untuk mengembalikan suhu tubuh ke dalam rentang normal akan meningkatkan kebutuhan tubuh akan oksigen. Pada pasien kritis, kadar laktat >2 mmol/L merupakan prediktor morbiditas dan mortalitas. Kadar laktat dapat meningkat ketika terdapat gangguan perfusi jaringan. Hipoperfusi jaringan dapat terjadi karena hipotermia. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membuktikan hipotesisnya yaitu adanya hubungan antara suhu tubuh dengan kadar laktat pada pasien dewasa pascaoperasi. Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat analitik observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Data diperoleh dari 194 rekam medis pasien pascaoperasi di ICU Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta. Data yang dianalisa adalah suhu tubuh dan kadar laktat saat pasien masuk ICU. Uji yang dilakukan adalah uji korelasi Spearman menggunakan perangkat lunak SPSS versi 20. Hasil: Dari 194 pasien dewasa pascaoperasi di ICU Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo, didapatkan rerata suhu tubuh 36.3°C dan rerata kadar laktat adalah 1,7 mmol/L. Korelasi antara suhu tubuh dan kadar laktat dianalisis dengan uji korelasi Spearman dan menghasilkan korelasi positif lemah yang bermakna secara statistik dengan nilai r=0,2 (p=0,005). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan berupa korelasi positif antara suhu tubuh dengan kadar laktat pasien dewasa pascaoperasi di ICU.

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ABSTRACT

Introduction: Postoperative patients are at risk of experiencing changes in body temperature. The bodys effort to restore body temperature to its normal range will increase the bodys need for oxygen. In critical patients, lactate levels >2 mmol/L is a predictor of morbidity and mortality. Lactate levels might increase when there is tissue perfusion impairment. Tissue hypoperfusion can occur due to hypothermia. Based on that, this study was conducted to prove its hypothesis that there is a relationship between body temperature and lactate levels in postoperative adult patients. Method: This study is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design. Data was collected from 194 medical records of postoperative patients in the ICU of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. The analyzed data was body temperature and lactate level at the time patients moved into ICU. The applied test was Spearman correlation test using SPSS version 20 software. Results: Obtained from 194 postoperative adult patients in the ICU of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, the average body temperature was 36.3°C and the average lactate level was 1,7 mmol/L. Correlations between body temperature and lactate levels were analyzed by the Spearman correlation test and resulted in a statistically significant positive weak correlation with a value of r=0,2 (p=0,005). Conclusion: There is a relationship in the form of a weak positive correlation between body temperature with lactate level of postoperative adult patients in ICU."

"This book summarises the newest information on seasonal adaptation in animals. Topics include animal hibernation, daily torpor, thermoregulation, heat production, metabolic depression, biochemical adaptations, neurophysiology and energy balance. The contributors to this book present interdisciplinary research at multiple levels ranging from the molecular to the ecophysiological, as well as evolutionary approaches. The chapters of this book provide original data not published elsewhere, which makes it the most up-to-date, comprehensive source of information on these fields. The book’s subchapters correspond to presentations given at the 14th International Hibernation Symposium in August 2012 in Austria. "

"Kondisi kesehatan lansia yang memilih untuk tinggal sendiri sering kali luput dari pantauan keluarga. Para lansia bertempat tinggal jauh dari anggota keluarga dan minimnya fasilitas perawatan kesehatan lansia mempersulit pemantauan terhadapnya. Diperlukan sebuah teknologi yang mampu mempermudah pemantauan kesehatan lansia oleh anggota keluarga agar pemantauan dapat dilakukan dengan mudah serta dapat memperoleh respons cepat ketika lansia dalam kondisi kritis. Dengan merancang alat healthcare berbasis Internet of Things, permasalahan pemantauan kesehatan para lansia dapat teratasi. Alat berupa wristband dapat menampilkan parameter detak jantung, suhu tubuh, lokasi pengguna, fall detection dan status pergerakan pengguna secara real-time melalui aplikasi android dari data yang disimpan sementara di Firebase. Guna melengkapinya, dipergunakan alat berupa alarm untuk memberikan peringatan kepada masyarakat di lingkungan sekitar. Adapun hasil simulasi alat wristband dengan perbandingan penggunaan oximeter dan thermogun menunjukan adanya persentase error sebesar 2.92% dan 1.71%. Setelah melakukan pengukuran detak jantung dan suhu tubuh, lokasi pengukuran di luar atau di dalam ruangan turut mempengaruhi hasil pembacaan sensor. Adapun perbedaan hasil pembacaan wristband dengan oximeter adalah gangguan sinar matahari mengakibatkan overreading ke photodetector pada sensor detak jantung. Sementara perbedaan hasil pengukuran suhu tubuh diakibatkan adanya gap pada sensor suhu dan kalibrasi yang dilakukan di luar ruangan. Selain itu, pengujian alarm dengan skenario berhasil dilakukan untuk melihat respons ketika lansia dalam kondisi kritis.

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The health condition of elderly individuals who choose to live alone often goes unnoticed by their family members. The elderly reside far from their family members, and the lack of elderly healthcare facilities makes it challenging to monitor their health. Technology is needed to facilitate the monitoring of the elderly's health by family members, enabling easy monitoring and providing quick responses in critical situations. By designing an Internet of Things (IoT) based healthcare device, the issues related to monitoring the health of the elderly can be addressed. The device, in the form of a wristband, can display real-time parameters such as heart rate, body temperature, user location, fall detection, and user movement status through an Android application, using data temporarily stored in Firebase. Additionally, an alarm device is used to provide alerts to the surrounding community. The simulation results of the wristband device compared to the use of an oximeter and a thermogun show an error percentage of 2.92% and 1.71%, respectively. The location of the measurements, whether indoors or outdoors, also affects the sensor readings after measuring heart rate and body temperature. The difference between the wristband and the oximeter readings is due to sunlight interference, resulting in an overreading in the heart rate sensor's photodetector. Meanwhile, variations in body temperature measurements are caused by gaps in the temperature sensor and calibration conducted outdoors. Furthermore, successful alarm testing with various scenarios has been performed to observe the response when the elderly are in critical conditions."

"Demam merupakan gejala dari penyakit COVID-19 yang memiliki sensitivitas 54% dan spesifisitas 67% terhadap SARS-CoV-2 sehingga dapat dijadikan acuan untuk mencegah penyebaran penyakit COVID-19. Dua sensor yang paling sering dijadikan termometer infrared adalah MLX90614 dan AMG8833 karena rentang suhu pengukurannya yang tinggi dan akurasinya yang baik. Hasil pengukuran termometer infrared dapat dipengaruhi oleh jarak ukur, suhu ruangan, dan aktivitas fisik pada tubuh manusia. Oleh karena itu, pada skripsi ini penulis merangcang rangkaian thermal camera dengan dua buah sensor infrared dan mengevaluasi kinerja sensor berdasarkan jarak ukur (15, 30, 40, dan 60 cm), suhu ruangan non-AC dan AC (30 dan 26,4 oC), serta aktivitas fisik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jarak pengukuran terbaik adalah 15 cm dan besar persentase error rata-rata variabel (EV) yang berbeda dari setiap sensor, yaitu sensor MLX90614 0,560% (15 cm) dan 0,843% (60 cm) sedangkan sensor AMG8833 0,577% (15 cm) dan 1,439% (60 cm). Kemudian MLX90614 mempunyai EV 0,567% (non-AC) dan 0,553% (AC) sedangkan sensor AMG8833 0,868% (non-AC) dan 0,948% (AC). Setelah itu MLX90614 mempunyai EV 0,469% (sebelum aktivitas fisik) dan 0,651% (setelah aktivitas fisik) sedangkan AMG8833 1,259% (sebelum aktivitas fisik) dan 0,558% (setelah aktivitas fisik). Selain tiga variabel uji, casing alat dapat membuat EV sensor AMG8833 kurang dari 1,00% (sebelum dan setelah aktivitas fisik). Akibat adanya nilai EV di atas 1,00 %, penelitian ini dapat dilanjutkan dengan memberikan komponen tambahan yang dapat membuat sensor lebih fokus.

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Fever is a symptom of COVID-19 disease which has a sensitivity of 54% and specificity of 67% to SARS-CoV-2 so that it can be used as a reference to prevent the spread of COVID-19 disease. The two sensors that are mostly used as an infrared thermometer are the MLX90614 and AMG8833 sensor because of their high measurement range and good accuracy. The measurement results of an infrared thermometer can be influenced by the measuring distance, room temperature, and physical activity on the human body. Therefore, in this thesis the author designs a thermal camera circuit with two infrared sensors and evaluates the performance of the sensor based on the measuring distance (15, 30, 40, and 60 cm), non-AC and AC room temperature (30 and 26.4 oC), and physical activity. The results showed that the best measurement distance is 15 cm and the average of variable error percentages (EV) are different for each sensor. The MLX90614 sensor has 0.560% (15 cm) and 0.843% (60 cm) EV while the AMG8833 sensor has 0.577% (15 cm) and 1.439% (60 cm) EV. Then the MLX90614 has an EV of 0.567% (non-AC) and 0.553% (AC) while the AMG8833 sensor has 0.868% (non-AC) and 0.948% (AC). After that, MLX90614 has an EV of 0.469% (before physical activity) and 0.651% (after physical activity) while AMG8833 has 1.259% (before physical activity) and 0.558% (after physical activity). In addition to the three test variables, the device enclosure could make the AMG8833 sensor EV less than 1.00% (before and after physical activity). Due to the there are EV values above 1.00%, this research can be continued by adding other components that can make the sensor more focused."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh tekanan panasterhadap fisiologis dan psikologis pekerja di PT XYZ Tahun 2016. Unitusaha utama PT XYZ yakni part otomotif dengan kegiatan press & welding.Respon fisiologis pekerja welding terhadap tekanan panas yakni peningkatansuhu, denyut nadi dan perubahan nilai berat jenis urine. Nilai Indeks tekananpanas dengan ISBB melebihi nilai ambang. Nilai Indeks Thermal Work Limitberada pada area tidak berbahaya. Analisis data dengan uji t dependent danindependent, didapatkan nilai p< 0,005. Keluhan subyektif pekerja weldingsebagai respon psikologis. Yakni adanya rasa haus, kulit berkeringat/lembab,adanya biang keringat, kejang/kram otot selaras dengan hasil pengukuranyakni adanya peningkatan denyut nadi, suhu dan berat jenis urin

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ABSTRACTThis study aimed to analyze the effect of heat stress on thephysiological and psychological workers at PT XYZ Year 2016. The businessunit of PT XYZ namely automotive parts with the activities of the press andwelding. Welding worker's physiological response to heat stress that anincrease in temperature, pulse and urine specific gravity value changes. Heatstress index value with WBGT exceeds the threshold value. Thermal WorkLimit Value Index is in the area is not dangerous. Data were analyzed bydependent and independent t test, p value <0.005. Subjective complaints ofworkers welding as a psychological response. Namely their thirst, skin sweat/ moisture, their prickly heat, cramps / muscle cramps in tune with themeasurement results to an increase in pulse rate, temperature and specificgravity of urine."