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"Otak dan FungsinyaOtak yang saya maksud ialah otak Homo Sapiens, manusia yang sekarang hidup menguasai permukaan sebuah planet dalam salah satu tata surya galaksi Bima Sakti yang disebut bumi. Menurut teori evolusi, di bumi ini sepuluh juta tahun yang lalu telah ada, makhluk golongan Antropoid yang kemudian berkembang bercabang dua, golongan Hominoid dan golongan kera. Kurang lebih satu juta tahun yang lalu, Hominoid terpecah lagi menjadi dua golongan yaitu. Hominid dan Pongid. Dari golongan Pongid berkembang kera-kera besar seperti gorilla, simpanse, orang utan, gibon. Golongan Hominid berkembang menjadi Homo dengan cabang-cabangnya Homo Makapan, Swartkrans, Java, Peking dan lain-lain. Kira-kira 100.000 tahun yang lalu berkembang cabang Neanderthal dan Cromagnon dan kemudian Homo Sapiens.Pengetahuan mengenai makhluk-makhluk pra Homo Sapiens ini didapat dan penelitian sisa rangkanya yang ditemukan. Tengkorak kepala makhluk-makhluk purba ini berbeda bentuknya dari tengkorak '' Homo Sapiens. Makin purba makhluknya;. makin banyak kemiripannya dengan tengkorak golongan kera, antara lain bagian dahinya lebih rendah,. Volume tengkorak pada umumnya lebih kecil, Volume tengkorak Homo Java, Homo Erectus yang didapatkan di Trinil misalnya ialah 815 cm3. Volume tengkorak Horrid-Sapiens, 1300-1500 cm3: (18).Tengkorak berisi otak yang rnerupakan jaringan yang terurai bila makhluknya mati. Bagaimana bentuk dan besar otak makhluk purba hanya dapat diperkirakan dengan membuat cetakan isi tengkorak. Studi perbandingan otak manusia dilakukam dengan menggunakan otak hewan yang terdapat saat ini."

"The aim of this book is to provide insight into the principles of operation of the cerebral cortex. These principles are key to understanding how we, as humans, function. There have been few previous attempts to set out some of the important principles of operation of the cortex, and this book is pioneering. The book goes beyond separate connectional neuroanatomical, neurophysiological, neuroimaging, neuropsychiatric, and computational neuroscience approaches, by combining evidence from all these areas to formulate hypotheses about how and what the cerebral cortex computes. As clear hypotheses are needed in this most important area of 21st century science, how our brains work, I have formulated a set of hypotheses about the principles of cortical operation to guide thinking and future research. The book focusses on the principles of operation of the cerebral cortex, because at this time it is possible to propose and describe many principles, and many are likely to stand the test of time, and provide a foundation for further developments, even if some need to be changed. In this context, I have not attempted to produce an overall theory of operation of the cerebral cortex, because at this stage of our understanding, such a theory would be incorrect or incomplete. However, many of the principles described will provide the foundations for more complete theories of the operation of the cerebral cortex. This book is intended to provide a foundation for future understanding, and it is hoped that future work will develop and add to these principles of operation of the cerebral cortex. The book includes Appendices on the operation of many of the neuronal networks described in the book, together with simulation software written in Matlab."