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"Can workers' rights and social protections be reconciled wtih firms competitiveness and productivity? In contrast to current development policy advice which emphasizes the "Flexibilization" of labour laws,this article contributes to an ....."

"brazil is one of the state with a large farmland. Having colonized by the Portuguese until 1822. The Portuguese have inherited the sytem of farmland ownership. But that system was exceptionally beneficial just for the rich. It brings about rios because the farmer claims their rights for the farmland ownership. The MST was born as a independent organization to handle this issue. The MST arrange the farmers movement to claims their right without violence and riots."

"By reading this book, business people, academics and chain practitioners have an opportunity to understand this chain. and can analyse all of its numbers and economics and exercise strategy building. This is needed since the orange juice market is a stable market in the world, growing only 1% per year, and the production costs of this chain are rising fast, due to structural changes faced by world food and agribusiness companies i.e. labour costs, energy costs, land costs, environmental costs and others. "

"Kura-kura brazil (Trachemys scripta elegans) merupakan salah satu spesies invasif yang berasal dari Amerika Selatan dan telah berkembang di berbagai negara akibat dari pelepasan hewan peliharaan serta dapat berdampak buruk bagi spesies asli. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mendeteksi keberadaan spesies Trachemys scripta elegans pada enam danau pada wilayah Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Jawa Barat. Pendeteksian spesies tersebut dilakukan dengan metode environmental DNA (eDNA) dan quantitative PCR (qPCR) dengan gen target 12S rRNA. Materi genetik telah diisolasi menggunakan metode PCI dan gen target 12S rRNA dikuantifikasi menggunakan qPCR. Keberadaan gen target pada sampel ditentukan melalui nilai LoD dan LoQ yang didapatkan dari kurva standar. Sampel yang memiliki salinan DNA di bawah nilai LoD dapat dinyatakan positif. Materi genetik kura-kura brazil terdeteksi pada seluruh sampel danau di Universitas Indonesia. Faktor lingkungan tidak berpengaruh dalam pendeteksian kura-kura brazil. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh, eDNA berpotensi kuat dalam pemantauan spesies invasif baru dan dapat digunakan untuk pengendalian lebih lanjut.

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The Red-eared Slider (Trachemys scripta elegans) is an invasive species from South America and has developed in various countries due to the release of unwanted pets which can have negative impacts on native species. This research was conducted to detect the presence of the species Trachemys scripta elegans in six lakes at Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java. The species detection was carried out using environmental DNA (eDNA) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) method with 12S rRNA target gene. The genetic material was isolated using the PCI method and 12S rRNA target gene were quantified using qPCR method. The presence of the target gene in the sample was determined by the LoD and LoQ values obtained from the standard curve. Samples that have DNA copies under the LoD value can be tested positive.Genetic material of the Red-eared Slider was detected in the all lake samples of University of Indonesia. Environmental factors have no effect on the detection of the Red-eared Slider. Based on the results, eDNA has strong potential in monitoring the new invasive species and can be used for further control."

"Sebagai dua negara demokrasi dengan penganut sistem pemerintahan presidensial, Indonesia dan Brazil melakukan pemilihan umum dengan metode serentak yang langsung memlih Presiden sebagai pemegang kekuasaan eksekutif dan DPR sebagai pemegang kekuasaan legislatif dalam waktu bersamaan. Di samping itu, keduanya juga melaksanakan Pemilihan Umum Anggota DPR dengan sistem pemilihan proporsional dengan memilih nama calon atau sistem pemilihan proporsional terbuka. Berangkat dari kondisi tersebut, penelitian ini akan mengkaji kompatibilitas antara metode pemilihan umum serentak dengan sistem proporsional terbuka di dua negara tersebut. Penelitian ini akan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan historis dan komparatif untuk mengetahui latar belakang pelaksanaan pemilihan umum serentak serta pelaksanaan pemilihan umum serentak di kedua negara tersebut. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan, terdapat kompatibilitas antara metode pemilihan serentak dengan sistem pemilihan proporsional terbuka pada kedua negara tersebut berupa kesamaan tata Kelola pemilihan umum dan berkurangnya selisih suara antar pemilihan umum.

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As two democracies with a presidential system of government, Indonesia and Brazil conduct simultaneous elections that directly elect the President as the holder of executive power and Parliament as the holder of legislative power simultaneously. In addition, both also conduct legislative elections with a proportional voting system by selecting the names of candidates or an open proportional voting system. Departing from these conditions, this research will examine the compatibility of the simultaneous general election method with the open proportional system in the two countries. This research will be conducted using normative juridical research methods with historical and comparative approaches to find out the background of the implementation of simultaneous general elections and the implementation of simultaneous general elections in the two countries. Based on the research, there is compatibility between the simultaneous election method and an open proportional voting system in the two countries in the form of similarity in the electoral management and reduced vote difference between elections."