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"Proses liberalisasi perdagangan dunia sebelumnya hanya diatur secara multilateral melalui World Trade Organization WTO , tetapi sejak proliferasi free trade agreement FTA tahun 1980-an, muncul perdebatan antara building blocks dan stumbling blocks dalam melihat kaitan FTA dengan usaha liberalisasi perdagangan multilateral. Tinjauan literatur ini bertujuan untuk memetakan persebaran perdebatan tersebut di berbagai kawasan dan fenomena kesepakatan perdagangan yang ada. Berdasarkan teknik pengorganisasian taksonomi, tinjauan literatur ini membagi pembahasan ke dalam beberapa kawasan dan fenomena yakni Amerika Utara, Amerika Latin, Eropa, Asia Timur, Asia-Pasifik, Afrika, Mega-FTA, dan komparasi lintas kawasan. Selain taksonomi, tinjauan literatur ini juga menggunakan teknik pengorganisasian tipologi untuk membagi literatur berdasarkan argumentasi building blocks dan stumbling blocks. Dari hasil tinjauan literatur, ditemukan beberapa tema utama yang memengaruhi relasi antara regionalisme dengan multilateralisme perdagangan, yakni pergeseran ke bilateralisme cross-regional, pengaruh kerja sama regional utama kawasan, dan pengaruh eksternal. Kemudian, ditemukan pula beberapa kesenjangan literatur umum dari tiap kawasan yang dapat menjadi potensi penelitian lanjutan, yakni peran kelompok epistemik, peran aliansi bisnis transnasional, dan dinamika politik intra-regional yang memengaruhi relasi regionalisme perdagangan di kawasan tersebut dengan usaha multilateralisme perdagangan.

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Previously, world trade liberalization efforts were managed multilaterally through World Trade Organization WTO, but after the proliferation of free trade agreement FTA in the 1980s, a debate emerged between the building blocks and stumbling blocks argumentations in viewing the relation of FTA with multilateral trade liberalization effort. This literature review aims to map this debate in various regions and FTA phenomenon. Based on taxonomy technique, this literature review classifies its discussion into few regions and phenomenon, which are North America, Latin America, Europe, East Asia, Asia Pacific, Africa, Mega-FTA, and cross-regional comparation. Besides taxonomy, this literature review also uses typology technique to classify the literature based on building blocks and stumbling blocks argumentation. Based on the literature review, several main themes that influence the relation between trade regionalism and multilateralism can be found, such as the switch to cross-regional bilateralism, the influence of the region`s main regional cooperation, and external influence. Then, this literature review also finds some literature gaps from each regions which could be potential for further research, which are the role of epistemic community, the role of transnational business alliance, and intra-regional political dynamics that influence the relation of a region rsquo;s trade regionalism with trade multilateralism effort."

"ABSTRACTBusiness Model is a framework on how a company runs its business that can give value in every aspects of the business, from its suppliers, customers, partners, employees and even to the environment. This thesis firstly discuss on how the Zircon mining company struggle from the unorganized business process that could become the obstacle in order for the company to growth. Using The Business Model Canvas - Nine Building Blocks established by Osterwaider and Pigneur that can be applied to the Zircon mining industry in West Kaliinantan, the business model can assist the Zircon mining industry in West Kalimantan to enhance its business and keeping track in the Zircon market. This study is done using qualitative research. The research of this thesis shows that Business Model Canvas - Nine Building Blocks that evaluate the company business process from difference aspects such as customer segments, value propositions, customer relationships, channels, key resources, key activities, key partnership, revenue streams and cost structures can be tools to create a suitabie business model that help the company enhancing its business process."

"Secara global, kesehatan adalah industri senilai USD 3.5 triliun atau setara dengan 8% dari PDB dunia. Menurut data, masih ada kekurangan dari sistem kesehatan saat ini, antara lain: (i) angka harapan hidup yang masih bervariasi; (ii) 100 juta orang dimiskinkan oleh pengeluaran kesehatan; (iii) kesenjangan kesehatan yang terus terjadi, bahkan di negara-negara kaya (US dan Australia); (iv) sebagian besar peralatan yang tidak digunakan dengan semestinya. Memperkuat sistem kesehatan berarti mengatasi kendala utama di setiap bidang, dengan demikian derajat kesehatan akan meningkat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif analitik. Metode yang digunakan adalah tinjauan kepustakaan. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang didapatkan melalui pencarian studi/penelitian yang sudah ada sebelumnya dan teori-teori yang berkaitan dengan topik. Kriteria inklusi pada penelitian ini adalah penelitian dengan semua jenis metode yang dapat menjawab topik dan menggunakan framework WHO: Six Building Blocks. Kriteria eksklusi penelitian adalah penelitian lebih dari 10 tahun, serta penelitian yang tidak dapat menjawab pertanyaan penelitian. Informasi yang didapatkan dari studi literatur ini akan diuraikan dalam bentuk table hasil dan narasi, dengan hasil temuannya yaitu kinerja sistem kesehatan di negara berkembang belum lebih baik dari negara maju, dilihat dari status kesehatan masyarakat dan permasalahan kesehatan yang sedang dialami.

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Globally, healthcare is an industry of USD 3.5 trillion worth or equal to 8% of the world GDP. According to the data, there are still shortcomings of the current health system, as follows: (i) life expectancy that still varies; (ii) 100 million people are impoverished by health spending; (iii) health gaps that continue to occur, even in wealthy countries (the US and Australia); (iv) most of the equipment is not used properly. Strengthening the health system means overcoming the main obstacles in each field, thus the value of health will increase. This research uses a qualitative approach that is descriptive-analytic. The methods used are a literature review. The type of data used is secondary data obtained through pre-existing study/research searches and topic-related theories. The inclusion criteria for this study are research with all types of methods that can answer topics and use the WHO framework: Six Building Blocks. The research exclusion criteria are the research of more than 10 years, as well as research that cannot answer research questions. The information obtained from this literature study will be described in the form of results table and narration, with the result of the health systems performance in the developing countries has not been better than in developed countries, judging by the public health status and the health problems that are being experienced."

"Tujuan dibuatnya business plan untuk memberikan kerangka bagaimana sebuah bisnis akan dibentuk dan strategi-strategi yang dibuat untuk mengatasi tantangantantangan yang akan dihadapi. Tesis ini pada intinya tentang pembentukan sebuah perusahaan yang membagikan koran gratis. Analisa dimulai dari identifikasi masalah, pembentukan struktur perusahaan dan analisa industri, strategi yang digambarkan dalam bentuk business model dan juga studi kelayakan untuk memahami apakah rencana bisnis tersebut memungkinkan atau tidak. Analisa industri dilakukan dengan menggunakan Porter Five Forces dan pembentukan business model menggunakan Nine Building Blocks sedangkan studi kelayakan dilakukan dengan menggunakan NPV, IRR dan payback period.

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The purpose of business plan is to provide a framework on how the business will be created along with the strategies to overcome the potential challenges. This thesis is basically about forming a company that will distribute free newspaper. The analysis begin with problem identification, the company structure and the industry analysis, the strategy which is described in the business model and also feasibility analysis to understand whether the business is doable or not. The industry analysis is done using Porter Five Forces and the creation of the business model is based on Nine Building Blocks while the feasibility analysis is done using NPV, IRR and payback period."