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"This article describes and analyzes the activities and impact of the Seikatsu Club movement in Japan, a social and political movement of Japanese women. Based on our analysis, we attempt to demonstrate the following conclusions: 1. The Seikatsu movement has been remarkable as a vehicle for recruiting and mobilizing women locally both in community activities and electoral politics. 2. For many women, participating in the public, political sphere is transformational and for a smaller minority, values and goals have been redefined and they have gained a new sense of empowerment. For the latter group of 'New Women', greater gender consciousness appears to be developing. 3. While the movement's goals and those of many individuals within it are challenging to prevailing Japanese politics and economics, there are contradictions. Organizationally, hierarchy and paternalistic male leadership have been dominant, despite the formally democratic structure. And aspects of the movement's ideology (e.g. linkage to domestic producers, non-professional housewives seeking electoral office) are profoundly conservative. 4. The movement has demonstrated considerable success at the ballot box in local areas in recent years, although its geographic scope and numerical depth remains limited. Still, it is among the few non-party groups of independents to attain increased representation at the local level. However, commitment to electoral rotation and income sharing may limit the growth of female professional politicians arising from the Seikatsu movement. 5. Seikatsu-elected proxies have achieved incremental policy impact on a number of issues at the local level and movement groups have become active as service providers and policy implementers as well through new administrative partnerships with sympathetic mayors and bureaucrats."

"Abstract. This research aims at studying and explaining forms of coping behaviors and public respond to coping behaviors as shown by health service officers at street-level bureaucrats in Puskesmas (Public Health Center). The research was conducted in six Public Health Centers in Makassar, employing qualitative approach and naturalistic method. The data were gained from informants, i.e. Puskesmas officers and public patients visiting the Puskesmas as the primary data source, and the secondary data were gathered from documents available in the concerned institutions. Research data were collected through in-depth interviews, direct and participative observations. The research data were then analyzed qualitatively through data reduction, data presentation, deduction and data verification. The results of the research show variety of interactive models as a form of coping behaviors performed by bureaucrats in providing health service, namely the behavior of limiting services, rationing services, giving special treatment, ignoring, and prioritizing. The performed coping behaviors benefit the officers since their obligations were accomplished, though at minimum level. Public responds to coping behaviors quite vary but in general shows positive responds. Abstrak. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui dan menjelaskan bentuk-bentuk coping behaviors dan respon warga terhadap coping behaviors yang ditampilkan petugas pelayanan kesehatan pada tataran street-level bureaucratsdi Puskesmas. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada enam Puskesmas di Kota Makassar menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode naturalistik, sumber data diperoleh dari informan petugas layanan kesehatan dan warga masyarakat yang berkunjung ke Puskesmas sebagai sumber data primer, dan sumber data sekunder diperoleh dari dokumen yang tersedia pada instansi terkait. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi langsung dan partisipatif.Data penelitian dianalisis secara kualitatif melalui tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, pengambilan kesimpulan dan verifikasi data.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keragaman model interaksi yang merupakan bentuk coping behaviors yang ditampilkan oleh birokratdalam memberikan pelayanan kesehatan yaitu bentuk perilaku membatasi layanan, menjatah layanan, memberi perlakuan khusus, mengabaikan, dan perilaku memberi prioritas.Coping behaviors yang dilakukan memberi keuntungan bagi petugas karena tujuan pekerjaannya tercapai secara minimal, dan respon warga terhadap coping behaviors cukup beragam tetapi pada umumnya memberi respon positif."