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"Plutonium (Pu) and minor actinedes (MA) recycling in standard BWR with equilibrium burnup model has been studied..."

"ABSTRAKKandungan hidrokarbon dan pengotor yang berada dalam gas alam memiliki kontribusi dalam sifat termodinamikanya sendiri sehingga dibutuhkan perkiraan perhitungan yang akurat untuk mengoptimalkan eksploitasi sumur gas. Dalam hal ini, peranan faktor kompresibilitas sangat penting dalam perhitungan teknik reservoir seperti gas metering, gas compression, desain pipa gas, dan surface facility. Selain itu, faktor kompresibilitas diperlukan untuk perhitungan laju alir gas dalam batu reservoir, perhitungan neraca energi, dan simulasi reservoir. Pada penelitian ini, dievaluasi keakuratan perhitungan faktor kompresibilitas menggunakan metode Equation of State Peng Robinson PR Benedict-Webb-Rubin BWR dengan komposisi gas yang mengandung CO2 H2S berbasis dari Sumur P. Dalam penelitian ini, divariasikan pengaruh tekanan dan temperatur serta variasi mol CO2 H2S kemudian dihitung rata-rata deviasinya. Nilai referensi yang digunakan didapatkan dari hasil perhitungan menggunakan software NIST-REFPROP. Nilai deviasi yang didapatkan pada pengaruh tekanan dengan metode PR BWR masing-masing adalah sebesar 5,35 dan 7,37 . Nilai deviasi yang didapatkan dari pengaruh temperatur dengan metode PR BWR masing-masing adalah sebesar 5,14 dan 1,08 . Nilai deviasi yang didapatkan dari variasi komposisi CO2 H2S dengan metode PR BWR masing-masing adalah sebesar 4,76 dan 5,61 .

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ABSTRACT The content of hydrocarbons and impurities existing in the natural gas has contributed to its thermodynamic properties so that it takes the accurate prediction to optimize the exploitation of gas wells. In this case, the role of the compressibility factor is very important in reservoir engineering calculations such as gas metering, gas compression, gas pipeline design, and surface facility. In addition, the compressibility factor is necessary for calculating of the flow rate of gas in the reservoir rock, energy balance calculation, and reservoir simulation. In this study, the compressibility factor calculations will be evaluated using Equation of State Peng Robinson PR Benedict Webb Rubin BWR with gas composition containing CO2 and H2S based on well P. The calculations are varied with pressure and temperature and also used CO2 and H2S mol variations then calculated deviation average . Reference value used is obtained from the calculation using NIST REFPROP software. deviation values obtained by the influence of pressure with PR BWR method are respectively 5.35 and 7.37 . deviation values obtained from the influence of temperature with the PR BWR method are respectively 5.14 and 1.08 . deviation values obtained from the variation of CO2 H2S composition by PR BWR method were respectively 4.76 and 5.61 . "

"This paper describes the effort to develop a pipeline concept as a substitute for conventional pipelines that lie on the seabed. A submarine pipeline in a submerged floating tunnel (SFT) is presented as a potential way to avoid pipeline-related environmental concerns. The key task in developing this submarine pipeline concept is to integrate solutions to the environmental challenges associated with submarine pipelines into the SFT structure. From a technical standpoint, one of the most important design tasks is to calculate the SFT’s buoyancy weight ratio (BWR) value, thereby determining the tunnel’s stability. The greatest threat to stability is the phenomenon of tether slack, which occurs at a specific BWR value. The pipeline’s weight affects its BWR value, so the weight must be restricted to ensure that tether slack does not occur. In the present study, the proposed SFT’s BWR value was simulated by testing a laboratory model in various ballasts. Significant waves and individual waves in a hundred-year return period were investigated based on data related to Java Sea waves at the Indonesian Hydrodynamic Laboratory (IHL). This study tested the SFT laboratory model against regular waves to find the BWR value at which tether slack might occur. The obtained BWR value was used to determine the requirement for total pipeline weight. Using a 1:100 scale of the real environmental conditions, the laboratory results revealed that slack occurs in a significant wave when the BWR value is 1.2, making the maximum pipeline weight to be placed in the SFT 534 tons. For the individual wave, slack occurs when the BWR value is 1.4, making the maximum pipeline weight to be placed in the SFT267.214 tons."