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Abstrak :
Jembatan cable-stayed merupakan salah satu bangunan teknik sipil dengan karakteristik tersendiri. Secara struktur, jembatan cable-stayed mempraktekkan teknik yang tinggi. Secara estetika, jembatan ini menampilkan sosok yang elegan dan ornamental. Teknik cable-stayed sesuai untuk diterapkan pada bentangan menengah sampai panjang. Dari sudut pandang ekonomi, jembatan cable-stayed juga menjadi pilihan yang tepat. Dalam proses perancangan, untuk memenuhi syarat keamanan dan kenyamanan penggunaan, ada kriteria minimal perancangan struktur yang harus dipenuhi dengan toleransi yang cukup antara keamanan, kenyamanan, dan nilai ekonomis struktur. Berdasarkan hal ini, konfigurasi struktur yang dihasilkan dari setiap perancangan akan sangat variatif. Bergantung kepada variasi rancangan, setiap konfigurasi struktur yang berbeda akan menghasilkan kuantitas volume material yang berbeda pula, yang secara langsung mempengaruhi struktur dari nilai ekonomisnya. Dengan melakukan perancangan struktur jembatan cable-stayed pada konfigurasi struktur yang bervariasi, volume-volume material hasil perancangan struktur dapat saling diperbandingkan sehingga dapat diketahui konfigurasi struktur yang bagaimana yang mampu memanfaatkan material secara optimal.

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
The present study deals with the static and dynamic behavior of cable-systems and cable-stayed bridge systems. In the static analysis, linear. and geometry nonlinearities such as large-deflections and stress-stiffening are evaluated. In the dynamic analysis, only linear: analysis is taken into account, the nonlinearities are disregarded.

In the cable system, there are two cable models evaluated, i.e., the horizontal cable-systems and inclined cable-systems. The cable systems are modeled as three-dimensional (3-D) structural system. The various prestressed forces in the cables are investigated, and the results show that the nonlinearity effects do not quite have an influence when the prestressed forces are between 21% - 45% fp. and 15% - 45% fpU for the horizontal cable and inclined cable-systems, respectively. The transverse (coupling effect) stiffnesses are nearly zero for the prestressed forces in the cable between 16% - 45% Cu. The dynamic characteristic of both cable-systems are quite similar, with the first mode is out-of-plane motion. The gravity acceleration does not take an important influence in the dynamic behavior of the cable-systems study herein.

In the cable-stayed bridge systems, two common types of cable-stayed bridge are investigated, namely the fan-type and the harp-type cable-stayed bridge. The bridges are modeled as two-dimensional (2-D) structural system. The comparison results of axial forces in the cables, vertical displacement in the mid-point of middle span, horizontal displacement at top of pylon, bending moment in the deck, axial forces in the deck and also vertical reaction at foundation of pylon are all investigated. The results show that the nonlinearity effects with the prestressed forces in stay cable between 16% - 45% fp? seem do not have quite important influence. The natural frequencies and mode shapes for the first 20 modes are presented and the results are quite similar for the both bridge systems. The influence of dead load multiplier to the dynamic characteristic of such bridges are also evaluated and the results show that the structure buckle under 19 DL (Dead Load) and 15 DL for the fan and harp-type, respectively. These results show that bridge models studied herein are in the safe design consideration.

Abstrak :
Studying about cable stayed bridge become trend in the last few years. Since the improvement of the material technology and the need of longer bridge so the cable stayed bridge become more important in the last few years. Since the span become longer, so the structure will become more flexible and external load such are traffic, wind, rain and earthquake become more significant to the structure. When the displacement of the deck will increase, it will make uncomforting for human. Many scientists and engineers try to make a control of cable stayed bridge, so that the response will become safety and good for human comfort also. In this study we try to simulate the model from experiment to the behavior of the cable stayed bridge itself. We also try to control the response of the structure. This control that we have done must be realistic and easy to use. In fact with computer simulation we can do such sophisticated control, but the main problem if it's not applicable the control that we use become useless, otherwise it will be dangerous also if we get a result in reality far from out simulation. So in this study we do simple control to cable stayed bridge, and do some test that could be realistic in the reality. The sag of the cable is big and it will make a non linear effect. We do some analysis of cable stayed bridge in ANSYS 5.5.3 and do control simulation in SIMULINK by catching the static non linear result from ANSYS 5.5.3. The simulation that we done here to see the effectives of the control in many cases. We can be sure that the control is good if we get a good solution with the control of the structure.

Abstrak :
In the framework of the design of Cisadane Cable Stayed Bridge, a wind tunnel testing on scaled model has been conducted lo observe its aerodynamic forces. The wind tunnel which is used for test, was a low speed wind tunnel. The test results are the coefficient Ci, Cd and Cm. The coefficients can be used lo calculate the load of the structure, the lift Force and the pitching moment. Based on the test results, shape improvement of the proposed bridge deck is also considered.

Abstrak :
Dalam sebuah perencanaan proyek, Work Breakdown Structure WBS telah didefinisikan sebagai representasi total pekerjaan atau tahapan, termasuk dari awal sampai akhir proyek sehingga memiliki peran dalam kesuksesan sebuah proyek. Pada kenyataannya, proyek konstruksi jembatan di Indonesia banyak yang tidak sesuai dengan perencanaan dalam segi keselamatan kerja, oleh karena itu penting pengembangan WBS khususnya proyek konstruksi jembatan berbasis risiko. Hasil penelitian pengembangan WBS diharapkan menjadi acuan dalam proyek konstruksi jembatan khususnya jembatan cable stayed. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode survey kepada pakar jembatan untuk mengetahui standar WBS jembatan. Untuk mengetahui risiko dominan dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis pareto berdasarkan Bill of Quantity dari 22 jembatan di Indonesia. Setelah melakukan analisis risiko, terdapat 9 risiko dominan yang mempengaruhi keselamatan kerja pekerjaan Jembatan Cable Stayed. Penelitian ini memberikan 5 rekomendasi standarisasi WBS jembatan cable stayed berbasis risiko. ......In a project plan, the Work Breakdown Structure WBS has been defined as the total representation of work or stages, including from the beginning to the end of the project so as to have a role in the success of a project. In fact, many bridge construction projects in Indonesia are not in accordance with the planning in terms of safety, therefore it is important to develop WBS especially risk based bridge construction projects. The result of WBS development is expected to be a reference in bridge construction project especially cable stayed bridge. The research method used survey method to the bridge expert to know the standard of WBS bridge. To know the dominant risk is done by using pareto analysis based on Bill of Quantity from 22 bridges in Indonesia. After performing risk analysis, there are 9 dominant risks that affect the working safety of Bridge Cable Stayed. This study provides 5 recommendations for WBS standardization of risk based stay bridge.

Abstrak :
Tesis ini membahas mengenai perhitungan pembangunan secara bertahap berdasarkan ketergantungan waktu (time dependent) jembatan cable stayed dengan studi kasus Jembatan Suramadu. Adapun hasil yang akan diperoleh pada penelitian ini yaitu mengevaluasi perilaku struktur pada saat pelaksanaan bertahap menggunakan metode kantilever seperti besarnya gaya-gaya kabel, tegangan elemen struktur, dan lendutan gelagar yang terjadi pada setiap tahapan konstruksi. Teknik analisa yang digunakan yaitu forward assemblage analysis dan backward disassemblage analysis. Dimana untuk teknik menggunakan forward assemblage analysis pelat dimodelkan sebagai non komposit dan komposit serta menggunakan standar CEB-FIP dan ACI untuk mengetahui seberapa pengaruh nilai lendutan kedua standar tersebut. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa terjadi penurunan besaran lendutan gelagar sebesar 19 % dan gaya kabel sebesar 22 % setelah 10 hari pengecoran pelat dilakukan (sudah terjadi efek struktur komposit), dari asumsi pelat dimodelkan sebagai beban luar menjadi pemodelan struktur komposit. Dengan menggunakan standar CEB-FIP dan ACI diperoleh hasil bahwa nilai lendutan pada awal penempatan pelat (sudah terjadi struktur yang komposit) lebih kecil jika menggunakan code ACI. Hal ini disebabkan karena efek ACI pada awal terjadi struktur yang komposit memberikan nilai efek kekuatan material yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan CEB-FIP. Sedangkan pada akhir-akhir pelaksanaan konstruksi nilai lendutan gelagar menggunakan CEB-FIP memperoleh hasil yang cenderung lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan ACI. Hasil perbandingan analisa antara forward assemblage analysis dan backward disassemblage analysis menggambarkan bahwa untuk nilai lendutan gelagar, terjadi perbedaan hasil rata-rata sebesar 3 % sedangkan untuk nilai gaya kabel terjadi variasi perbedaan antara 1 - 4 %. ......This thesis discuss the construction calculation in stages based on the dependence of time (time dependent) cable stayed bridge, using Suramadu Bridge as a case study. Results that will be obtained in this study are to evaluate the behavior of structures during the implementation stages by using cantilever method such as the cable forces, tension structural element, and girder deflection that occurs in each stage of construction. The analysis technique that used in this thesis are the forward assemblage analysis and backward disassemblage analysis. Where the forward assemblage analysis technique modeled the plate as a non-composite and composite form by using CEB-FIP and ACI standards to determine the influence of the deflection. The result showed that there are decreasing deflection around 19% and cable force by 22% after 10 days of casting plate done (already in composite structure), from the assumption, the plate is modeled as external loads into composite structures model. By using standard CEB-FIP and ACI showed the value of deflection in initial placement of the plate (in composite structure) is smaller when using the ACI code. This is because the effect of ACI in the early composite structure gives the material strength in a greater value than the CEB-FIP. In contrary, at the end of the construction stages, the girder deflection that using CEB-FIP gives smaller deflection compared to ACI. The comparison analysis between the forward assemblage analysis and disassemblage analysis illustrates that there was an average difference of 3 % while for the cable force variations the differences are between 1 - 4 %.

Abstrak :
This paper presents the development of the modern long span bridges, particularly the concrete bridges, which are widely and fast developed in the last thirty years. Following the development of the prestressed concrete technology. supported also by the success of modern concrete technology in the high strength and high performance concrete production, cable stayed bridges may present an economical and aesthetical solutions for long span and very long span bridges, which can be anticipated to be the modern trend of bridges in the next century.

Abstrak :
Perkembangan infrastruktur di Indonesia saat ini terbilang sangat masif dan menyebar diberbagai wilayah, sesuai dengan kebijakan Pemerintah Indonesia dalam percepatan proyek infrastruktur guna menumbuhkan dan meratakan perekonomian nasional, peningkatan kualitas hidup serta kesejahteraan manusia. Indonesia merupakan negara yang terdiri dari banyak pulau, sehingga dibutuhkan sebuah jalur penghubung seperti jembatan yang menghubungkan antara sebuah pulau dengan pulau yang berdekatan. Cable Stayed merupakan salah satu teknologi yang sangat baik dalam membuat sebuah jembatan yang terbentang panjang, mengingat tampilan akhir yang berkesan sederhana tetapi mengandung unsur estetis yang tinggi serta ketangguhannya secara struktural yang tidak diragukan. Namun, seiring dengan peningkatan sektor konstruksi, kecelakaan kerja pada bidang konstruksi juga meningkat. Merujuk data Badan Penyelenggara Jasa Sosial (BPJS) Ketenagakerjaan, secara nasional angka kecelakaan kerja sektor konstruksi tercatat sebagai sektor terbanyak nasional angka kecelakaan kerja. Terjadinya kecelakaan kerja dapat dicegah melalui sistem manajemen keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja yang baik. Manajerial keuangan dalam hal penerapan pembiayaan SMK3 di Indonesia pada sektor konstruksi khususnya pada bangunan jembatan Cable Stayed belum diatur secara jelas dan terukur. Pada pelaksanaannya, peraturan yang adapun belum sepenuhnya diikuti oleh para pelaku konstruksi bahkan di lingkungan Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat sendiri. Untuk itu perlu dibuatkan analisa struktur biaya K3 agar dapat memperkirakan biaya yang dibutuhkan dengan informasi proyek yang minimum pada tahap awal. Activity-Based Costing (ABC) atau perhitungan biaya berbasis aktivitas telah muncul sebagai pendekatan baru yang menghubungkan biaya yang terkait langsung dengan kegiatan bisnis dengan produk manufaktur. Untuk membuat perhitungan biaya berbasis aktivitas, membuat WBS dan menentukan item pekerjaan secara tepat merupakan upaya yang bermanfaat dan diperlukan untuk penilaian risiko berbasis aktivitas yang efektif. Pada dasarnya setiap jenis jembatan mempunyai komponen agar menjadi lebih kokoh, kuat maupun indah. Adapun komponen tersebut adalah sistem kabel, gelagar dan pilon. Oleh sebab itu berdasarkan informasi di atas, mengingat masih banyaknya rencana pembangunan jembatan Cable Stayed, masih tingginya angka kecelakaan kerja dan masih belum diterapkannya pembiayaan K3 secara menyeluruh di lingkungan Kementerian PUPR maka penelitian ini fokus terhadap pengembangan analisa struktur biaya K3 untuk pekerjaan komponen sistem kabel, gelagar dan pilon pada bangunan jembatan cable stayed di Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat berbasis.

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The development of infrastructure in Indonesia is currently quite massive and spread in various regions, in accordance with the Government of Indonesias policy in accelerating infrastructure projects to grow and level the national economy, improve the quality of life and human welfare. Indonesia is a country that consists of many islands, so we need a connecting line like a bridge that connects between an island and adjacent islands. Cable Stayed is one of the excellent technologies in making a bridge that stretches long, considering that the final appearance is impressively simple but contains high aesthetic elements and structural toughness that is not in doubt. However, along with the increase in the construction sector, work accidents in the construction sector also increased. Referring to the Manpower Social Service Provider (BPJS) data, nationally the number of occupational accidents in the construction sector is recorded as the highest national sector work accident rate. Occupational accidents can be prevented through a good occupational safety and health management system. Managerial finance in terms of the application of SMK3 financing in Indonesia in the construction sector, especially in the cable stayed bridge building has not been clearly and measurably regulated. In its implementation, the existing regulations have not yet been fully followed by the construction actors even within the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing itself. For this reason it is necessary to make an analysis of the K3 cost structure in order to estimate the costs needed with minimum project information at an early stage. Activity-Based Costing (ABC) or activity-based cost calculation has emerged as a new approach that connects costs directly related to business activities with manufactured products. To make activity-based cost calculations, making WBS and determining work items appropriately is a useful effort and is needed for effective activity-based risk assessment. Basically every type of bridge has components to be more sturdy, strong and beautiful. The components are cable, girder and pilon systems. Therefore, based on the information above, given the large number of plans for the construction of the cable stayed bridge, the high number of occupational accidents and the lack of comprehensive OHS funding within the Ministry of PUPR, this research focuses on developing the K3 cost structure analysis for cable system component work, girders and pilons in the cable stayed bridge building at the WBS-based Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing.