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"An experiment to study the effect of elicitor derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Hansen) on ajmalicine content of Catharanthus roseus (L) G. Don. callus cultures has been conducted. Callus was induced from leaf segment and grew on medium Zenk (1977) supplemented with 2,5 x 10 M NAA dan 10 M BAP. Callus on the third subculture level was elicited with elicitor derived from S. cerevisiae. The following concentrations of elicitor tested were 0;0,5; ang 2,5 %(g/v) and the harvesting times were 0,18, 36 and 72 hour. The ajmalicine was analized qualitatively and quantitavely by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Ajmalicine content was influenced concentration of elicitor and harvrst was analized. Guanlititatively by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Ajmalicine content was influenced by concentration of elicitor and harvesting time. A significant increase of ajmalicine content (303. 475 kurang lebih 5.602 ug/gDW) was achieved bu addition of elicitor of 0.5% (g/v) after 36 hour. This study show a significant increase of ajmalicine content in C, roseus callus cultures after being challenged with S. cerevisiae elicitor i.e. 69,334 %."

"ABSTRAKPhysalis angulata L. merupakan tanaman yang banyak digunakan sebagai obattradisional, oleh karena itu untuk menjaga ketersediaannya perlu dilakukanbudidaya, salah satunya dengan kultur in vitro. Penelitian yang dilakukanbertujuan untuk mengetahui respons eksplan daun P. angulata pada medium MSvitamin MS + 2,4-D 0,3 mg l -1 (M1); MS vitamin MS + 2,4-D 0,4 mg l -1 (M2);MS vitamin MS + NAA 0,5 mg l-1 & BAP 0,5 mg l-1 (M3), MS vitamin B5 + 2,4-D 0,3 mg l -1 (M4); MS vitamin B5 + 2,4-D 0,4 mg l-1 (M5); MS vitamin B5 +kombinasi NAA 0,5 mgl & BAP 0,5 mg l-1 (M6). Eksplan dikultur denganfotoperiodesitas 12 jam. Terdapat 4 kategori respons, yaitu terbentuknya kalus(K), Akar adventif (A), kalus yang kemudian diikuti dengan tumbuhnya akaradvenif (KA), serta kalus yang kemudian juga diikuti dengan tumbuhnya akaradventif dan tunas adventif (KAT). Eksplan dapat membentuk K dan KAdiseluruh medium, sedangkan eksplan yang membentuk A saja hanya terlihat dimedium M2. Sementara itu, eksplan yang membentuk KAT juga hanya terlihat dimedium M3 dan M6. Secara keseluruhan, eksplan menunjukkan respons banyakterbentuk di medium M6. Pada penelitian ini, eksplan dapat merespons mediaperlakuan melalui tahapan kalogenesis dan organogenesis.

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ABSTRACTPhysalis angulata L. is plant widely used in traditional medicines, therefore tokeep its availability the cultivation is required, one way to ensure its availability isby using in vitro culture. Research aims to know response of P. angulata?s leavesexplant on medium MS supplemented with MS vitamins + 2,4-D 0,3 mg l -1 (M1);MS supplemented with MS vitamins + 2,4-D 0,4 mg l -1 (M2); MS supplementedwith MS vitamins + NAA 0,5 mg l-1 & BAP 0,5 mg l-1 (M3), MS supplementedwith B5 vitamins + 2,4-D 0,3 mg l -1 (M4); MS supplemented with B5 vitamins +2,4-D 0,4 mg l-1 (M5); MS supplemented with B5 vitamins + kombinasi NAA 0,5mgl & BAP 0,5 mg l-1 (M6). The explant were cultured with photoperiodisity in12 hours. The result show there are four categories response, the first, explantresponse to form a callus (K), explant response to form adventitious root (A), nextis the callus formation that followed by the growth of adventitious root (KA), andthe last one callus formation that followed by the growth of adventitious root andadventitious shoot. The explant could form K and KA in every medium, but theone that form A only found in M2. However, the explant that form KAT onlyfound in several medium, which are medium M3 and M6. Overall, the explantshow response many formed in medium M6. By this research, the explant couldresponse to several action, such as through organogenesis and calogenesis."

"AbstrakDespite the advancement of bone reconstruction in the past decade, large bone defect remains a challenge for orthopedic surgery. As mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) emerges as one of the possible treatment of these defects, we evaluate the effect of its transplantation, particularly in combination with hydroxyapatite-calcium sulphate pellets. Methods: Twenty eight rabbits were randomly assigned into four different treatment groups. Each group received a different type of grafts (Autograft, hydroxyapatite-calcium sulphate [HA-CaSO4], HA-CaSO4 combined with marrow aspirate, or HA-CaSO4 combined with 2x106 MSCs). One centimeter long bone defects were created then immediately fixated with mini plate-screw and two cerclage wires. It was followed by the graft transplantation. Callus thickness was measured from the x-rays taken at 4, 8, 12 week after transplantation by two authors working independently. At the end of the study, histological staining along with osteocyte index were obtained by sacrificing the rabbits. These data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA test.Results: At the fourth week, callus thickness showed significant difference (p = 0.018). Although statistically insignificant, callus in MSCs group at the eighth week seemed to be thicker than any other groups of intervention (p = 0.546). The MSCs group also tend to have a higher osteocyte index at the follow-up weeks.Conclusion: MSC transplantation on bone defect results in faster callus formation and tends to generate a thicker callus."