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Abstrak :
Aim: To observe the effect of calorie restriction on the formation of lipid peroxide (malondialdehyde/MDA) caused by free radicals and antioxidant level (glutathione/GSH) among healthy young males during Ramadan fasting. Subjects and Methods: Prospective self-controlled study was performed on 22 healthy men aged 20-25 years who were presumed to be undergoing the calorie restriction. Subjects were observed four times: day 7 prior to the Ramadan month, the 7lh and 21"' days of Ramadan and day 7 after Ramadan. All data are presented as mean averages (SEM); all statistical comparisons were made using Anova Repeated Measures and Pearson's bivariate correlation. Results: Caloric intake decreased by 22 - 25% and MDA decreased significantly (p- 0.002), while GSH levels increased significantly (p= 0.047). There was no correlation between calorie restriction and MDA levels (p= 0.27; r= 0.25), but calorie restriction and GSH were correlated (p= 0.049; r= -0.18). Conclusion: This study showed that calorie restriction during Ramadan fasting decreased MDA and raised plasma GSH levels.

Abstrak :
Studi tentang kebiasaan makan ibu dan anak balita dilakukan terhadap 60 responden di dua keluarahan terpilih (Kelurahan Penggilingan mewakili wilayah berlatar belakang sosio ekonom rendahdan Keluarhan Rambuatan mewakili wilayah dengan sosio ekonomi tinggi) di wilayah Jakarta Timur. Metode kualitatif (Focus Group Discussion dan indept interview) digunakan dalam pengumpulan data untuk mengeksplorasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kebiasaan makan pada kedua kelompok di atas lalu dibandingkan pada kelompok sosek tinggi dan rendah. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa seperlima ibu-ibu yang termasuk kelompok gizi lebih (overweight) dari kedua kelompok sosek tinggi dan rendah memiliki gambaran sama yaitu sebagai berikut: mereka memiliki aktivitas fisik sedentary (mereka bekerja sebagai ibu rumah tangga dalam lingkup rumah tinggal yang kecil, dan menghabiskan 2-3 jam per hari untuk menonton televisi); mereka juga mengkonsumsi snack (ngemil) seharian sambil santai atau istirakat atau momong anak; dan mereka sering menghabiskan sisa makanan anak atau suami yang tidak habis dimakan. Sementara seperlima jumlah anak balita dengan kondisi gizi kurang (undrwight) baik kelompok sosio ekonomi tinggi dan rendah menunjukkan situasi dan kondisi yangsama yaitu mereka menderita penyakit infeksi ISPA, TBS dan bronkhitis; mereka senang bermain; dan mereka banyak jajan sehingga mempengaruhi nafsu makan mereka. Anak balita dari keluarga sosek tinggi cenderung mengkonsumsi snack dengan kalori tinggi seperti hamburger ayam goreng kentang goren dsbnya. Sementara anak balita dari kelompok ekonomi rendah cenderung membeli makanan kecil dengan kalori rendah seperti kerupik jellu dan permen. Kedua hasil di atas menyebabkan terjadinya perbedaaan status gizi kelompok ibu dan anak balita. Ibu memiliki status gizi kurang dan gizi lebih (double burden), sementara anak balita mereka menunjukkanstatus gizi kurang dengan prevalensi masing masing sekitar 20%.

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A food habits study is reported from 60 respondents in the urban areas. A qualitative approach was undertaken to explore factors influencing food habits and to compare it within low and high socioeconomic status (SES) by using Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and indepth interview. One fifth of the overweight mothers (low and high SES) showed a similar condition as follow: they had low to moderate physical activity (they worked in a relatively small house and they spent 2-3 hours per day for watching television), they consumed snacks continuously for a whole day, and they ate left-over food of their children or husbands. One fifth of the underweight children 2-5 years old from both SES showed similar situation: they suffered from infectious disease (ARI, TBC, and bronchitis); they played a lot; and they lost appetite eating main meals after they consumed snacks. The high SES under-fives were more likely to buy snacks which were high in calorie such as hamburger, fried chicken, fried potatoes. While the low SES under-fives bought snacks which were considered as ?empty calorie? i.e. jelly, and candy. Both condition above caused the difference of nutritional status among mothers and their children. Mothers had double burden (underweight and overweight), while their children 2-5 years age suffered from under-nutrition (20%).

Abstrak :
atar Belakang: Balans energi positif pada obesitas ditandai dengan hiperadipositosis dan merangsang proses inflamasi kronik yang berdampak pada komplikasi penyakit pasien obesitas. Salah satu penatalaksaan obesitas adalah pemberian diet restriksi kalori. Diet restriksi kalori diduga menyebabkan penurunan kondisi inflamasi kronik yang salah satunya ditandai dengan kadar c-reactive protein (CRP). Namun demikian, berbagai studi memberikan hasil yang inkonsisten. Tujuan: Menilai efek diet restriksi kalori terhadap perubahan kadar CRP dan menilai pengaruh durasi diet tertentu terhadap perubahan kadar CRP pasien obesitas. Sumber Data: Pencarian utama dilakukan pada basis data PubMed, ProQuest, EBSCOhost, Embase dan Scopus hingga 30 Oktober 2020. Pencarian sekunder juga dilakukan secara snowballing, Google Scholar, Global Index Medicus, portal basis data nasional, dan perpustakaan digital 40 universitas di Indonesia. Seleksi Studi: Studi uji klinis acak melibatkan pasien dewasa obes yang menilai efek diet restriksi kalori (tanpa mengkombinasikan dengan terapi nondiet lain) terhadap kadar CRP. Tidak ada batasan tahun publikasi dan bahasa. Penilaian terhadap judul, abstrak dan studi dilakukan oleh dua peninjau independen. Dari 2087 artikel, 11 studi diantaranya memenuhi kriteria eligibilitas. Ekstraksi Data: Ekstraksi data dilakukan oleh kedua peninjau. Korespondensi dilakukan dengan menghubungi peneliti dan tidak didapatkan adanya data tambahan. Hasil: Diet restriksi kalori memiliki efek terhadap penurunan kadar CRP pada pasien obesitas dengan nilai Mean Difference -0.22 (IK 95% -0.40 - -0.04, p 0.006). Intervensi restriksi diet ≤ 12 minggu tidak menunjukkan penurunan bermakna pada kadar CRP, sedangkan intervensi restriksi diet > 12 minggu menunjukkan penurunan bermakna pada kadar CRP. Kesimpulan Diet restriksi kalori memiliki efek menurunkan kadar CRP pada pasien obesitas. ......Background: Positive energy balance in obesity is characterized by hyperadipocytosis, which stimulates chronic inflammatory processes in obese patients. Management of obesity includes a calorie restriction diet thought to improve chronic inflammatory conditions, characterized by reduced c-reactive protein (CRP). However, studies have yielded inconsistent results. Objective: To assess the effect of a calorie-restricted diet on changes in CRP levels and the duration of a particular diet that is significant for its effect on changes in CRP levels in obese patients Data Source: We searched PubMed, ProQuest, EBSCOhost, Embase and Scopus through October 30,2020. Secondary searching was done by snowballing method including references of qualifying articles and manual searching through google scholar, global index medicus, national databases, and digital library of 40 universities in Indonesia Study Selection: A randomized controlled trial involving obese adult patients assessed the effect of a calorie-restricted diet (without combination with other nondiet therapy) on CRP levels. No restriction regarding year of publication and language. Titles, abstracts, and articles were reviewed by two independent reviewer. Of the 2087 studies identified in our original search, 11 of them met the eligibility criteria. Data Extraction: Data extraction was done by two reviewers. Correspondence was done by contacting the authors to confirm additional data. No additional data was obtained Result: The calorie restriction diet has an effect on reducing CRP levels in obese patients with a Mean Difference value of -0.22 (95% CI -0.40 - -0.04, p 0.006). Dietary restriction interventions ≤ 12 weeks did not show a significant decrease in CRP levels, while dietary restriction interventions > 12 weeks showed a significant decrease in CRP levels Conclusion: A calorie restriction diet has the effect of lowering CRP levels in obese patients

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Pada periode 2011-2014 di Indonesia diduga terjadi suatu paradoks konsumsi kalori dimana konsumsi kalori perkapita menurun dengan meningkatnya pengeluaran perkapita dan ukuran rumah tangga. Penelitian ini akan menganalisis paradoks konsumsi kalori tersebut dengan menerapkan beberapa metode analisis, termasuk metode LOWESS, metode repeated cross section menggunakan variabel instrumen, dan metode regresi kuantil. Data penelitian ini berskala nasional dengan memanfaatkan data hasil Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) Maret 2011-2014. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa paradoks hubungan konsumsi kalori terhadap pendapatan dan ukuran rumah tangga cenderung terjadi di Indonesia pada periode 2011-2014. Selain itu, kebutuhan kalori dan program Raskin berkorelasi positif dengan konsumsi kalori. Dari temuan tersebut, saran dari penelitian ini adalah pemerintah perlu menjaga kesinambungan program bantuan pangan rumah tangga, menjamin kestabilan harga makanan pokok masyarakat, dan penerapan skala ekonomi dalam penghitungan garis kemiskinan.

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ABSTRACT
During 2011-2014, anecdotal evidence suggested that there was a paradox in Indonesia concerning calorie intake that had fallen, despite increased per capita expenditure and household size. This study will analyze rigorously the issue of calorie intake by applying several analytical methods, including LOWESS method, repeated cross section method using instrumental variable, and quantile regression method. The study uses national scale data from the results of the National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas) in March 2011-2014. This study find that there is a meaningful relationship between calorie intake and per capita expenditure and household size in Indonesia in the 2011-2014 period. In addition, calorie need and the Subsidized Rice for the Poor (the Raskin) program are positively correlated with calorie intake. The research also suggests that the government needs to maintain the sustainability of household food assistance programs, ensure the stability of staple food prices, introducing education on the importance of fulfilling proper and balanced calorie consumption, and applying economies of scale in calculating poverty line.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAKNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) merupakan penyakit degeneratif yang berkaitan dengan kondisi kurang kalori dan diet tinggi lemak. NAFLD menyebabkan disfungsi mitokondria dan menurunkan aktivitas MnSOD. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan respon hepatosit pada pemberian diet tinggi lemak (DTL) pada tikus dengan intake kalori berbeda selama masa pertumbuhan. Penelitian ini menggunakan organ hati Spraque Dawley usia 6 minggu yang telah diberi intake kalori berbeda selama 8 minggu, dilanjutkan dengan diet tinggi lemak selama 20 minggu. Terdiri atas kelompok kurang kalori+diet tinggi lemak (KK+TL), cukup kalori+diet tinggi lemak (CK+TL), tinggi kalori+diet tinggi lemak (TK+DL) dan kontrol (diet standar). Parameter yang diperiksa adalah berat organ, histopatologi (HE dan Masson trichrom) serta aktivitas MnSOD (ELISA). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan berat organ dan aktifitas MnSOD pada semua kelompok. Steatosis ditemukan pada kelompok perlakuan dengan prosentase steatosis kelompok KK+TL lebih tinggi dibanding kelompok CK+TL, TK+TL dan kontrol (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: pemberian DTL selama 20 minggu pada tikus dewasa dengan riwayat intake kalori yang berbeda semasa pertumbuhan dapat menyebabkan steatosis, namun belum diikuti dengan gangguan aktivitas MnSOD. Oleh karena itu pemberian diet tinggi lemak pada kasus kurang kalori protein masih perlu dipertimbangkan dan diteliti lebih lanjut terkait faktor keamanan dan manfaatnya pada usia dewasa.

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ABSTRACT Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a degenerative disease associated with less of calorie and high-fat diet (HFD). NAFLD causes mitochondrial dysfunction and decreasing of MnSOD activity. This study aimed to compare the response of hepatocytes to the provision of HFD in rat with different caloric intake during infancy. This study uses the liver of 6 weeks Spraque Dawley rats which have been given a different caloric intake for 8 weeks, followed by HFD for 20 weeks. The groups were divided into less calorie + HFD (KK+TL), enough calories + HFD (CK+TL), high-calorie + HFD (TK+TL), and control. The parameters examined were liver weights, histopathology (HE and Masson Trichrome) and MnSOD activity (ELISA). The result showed no differences in liver weights and MnSOD activity in all groups. Steatosis was found in research groups, with higher percentage in KK+TL compared to CK+TL, TK+TL, and control (p<0,05). We conclude that giving of HFD for 20 weeks in adult rat with a history of different calorie intake during growth may cause steatosis, but there is no MnSOD activity disorder. Therefore, the provision of HFD in the case of less calorie still need to be considered and investigated especially for its safety and efficiency.

Abstrak :
Obesitas merupakan konsekuensi morbiditas metabolik yang disebabkan oleh konsumsi yang berlebihan serta kurangnya aktivitas fisik. Secara etiologis, obesitas seharusnya dapat dicegah. Namun tinjauan kepustakaan menunjukkan bahwa hingga saat ini belum ada negara di dunia yang dapat dengan sukses menurunkan angka obesitas, meskipun sudah melakukan berbagai upaya. Intermittent fasting (IF) dipandang sebagai sebuah cara yang efektif untuk mengurangi prevalensi obesitas, tetapi pendekatan ini memiliki banyak protokol; salah satunya adalah 5:2 Intermittent Fasting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai pengaruh puasa dua hari tidak berturut- turut per minggu terhadap asupan energi dan indeks masa tubuh (IMT) pada mahasiswa obesitas laki-laki usia 18-25 tahun di Universitas Indonesi. Studi randomized controlled trial dilakukan kepada empat puluh mahasiswa laki-laki obesitas di Universitas Indonesia. Kebiasaan asupan selama enam bulan sebelum penelitian diukur dengan semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). Presentase IMT diukur menggunakan metode analisis bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) dan perkiraan dengan rumus konversi secara bersamaan. Kelompok intervensi melaksanakan puasa dua hari tidak berturut-turut dalam seminggu, dan asupan puasa mereka dicatat dengan buku diari makanan, sementara kelompok kontrol melaksanakan pola makan seperti sebelumnya, yang dicek dengan tiga hari 24 jam food recall. Setelah empat minggu intervensi, kelompok intervensi mengalami penurunan yang signifikan (P<0,005) dalam asupan energi dan IMT. ......Obesity is a consequence of the metabolic morbidities caused by overconsumption and lack of physical activity. Etiologically, obesity should be preventable, but reviews show that no country has yet been successful in reducing obesity, even though many efforts have been taken around the globe. Intermittent fasting (IF) is seen as an effective way to reduce obesity prevalence, but it has diverse protocols; one of them is 5:2 Intermittent Fasting. This study aimed to assess effects of two non-consecutive days fasting per week on energy intake and body mass index (BMI) among obese male students aged 18-25 years at Universitas Indonesia. A randomized controlled trial study was conducted on forty obese male students at Universitas Indonesia. Their habitual intake six months before the study was measured through a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The BMI percentage was measured using a bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Intervention group did two non-consecutive days fasting per week, and recorded their fasting intake by food record diary; while control group did their habitual eating as before, and being recorded by three days 24-hour recall. As the conclusion, after a four-week intervention, the intervention group saw a significant reduction (P <0.005) in energy intake and BMI.

Abstrak :
Pengaruh pemberian diet rendah kalori seimbang selama 14 hari terhadap berat badan (BB), indeks massa tubuh (IMT), tebal lipatan kulit total (TLK), massa lemak tubuh (ML), massa tubuh bebas lemak(MBL), rasio lingkar pinggang-lingkar panggul (RLpi-Lpa), dan kadar leptin serum, telah dievaluasi dengan studi eksperimental pra dan pasca pemberian diet rendah kalori seimbang 915,23 kkal dengan komposisi 55,81% karbohidrat, 19,46% protein dan 24,73% lemak selama 14 hari terhadap 39 subyek perempuan obes (19-55 tahun) yang telah memenuhi criteria penerimaan dan penolakan. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi data karakteristik demografi, data asupan energi dan makronutrien, antropometri, komposisi tubuh, dan kadar leptin serum. Terjadi penurunan berat badan secara bermakna (p<0,05) dari 70,99 ± 8,62 menjadi 68,81 ± 8,36 kg (3,07%); penurunan IMT secara bermakna (p<0,05) dari 30,28 ± 3,11 kg/m2 menjadi 29,36 ± 2,94 kg/m2 (3,04%); penurunan TLK secara bermakna (p<0,05) dari 99,36 ± 12,07 mm menjadi 91,29 ± 10,85 mm (8,08%); penurunan ML secara bermakna (p<0,05) dari 35,41 ± 2,75 % menjadi 33,65 ± 2,73 % (1,76%); peningkatan MBL secara bermakna (p<0,05) dari 64,59 ± 2,74 menjadi 66,35 ± 2,73 (2,72%); penurunan Lpi secara bermakna (p<0,05) dari 85,87 ± 7,31 menjadi 83,35 ± 7,09 (2,93%); penurunan Lpa secara bermakna (p<0,05) dari 107,59 ± 6,67 menjadi 106,49 ± 6,37 (1,02%); penurunan Lpi-Lpa secara bermakna (p<0,05) dari 0,80 ± 0,05 menjadi 0,78 ± 0,04 (2,24%); penurunan kadar leptin secara bermakna (p<0,05) dari 23,31 (12,06-71,22) menjadi 18,18 (7,90-65,11) (22,01%); ditemukan korelasi positif antara kadar leptin serum dengan ML secara bermakna (p<0,05) sebelum perlakuan (r=0,47 ; p=0,003) dan sesudah perlakuan (r=0,57 ; p=0,001). Pemberian diet rendah kalori seimbang sebesar 915,23 kkal/h selama 14 hari dapat dengan efektif menurunkan berat badan, IMT, tebal lemak bawah kulit, persentase lemak, meningkatkan persentase massa bebas lemak, menurunkan rasio lingkar pinggang, lingkar panggul dan kadar leptin serum. (Med J Indones 2005; 14: 220-4)

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The effect of balanced low-calorie diet for 14 days on body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), total skin fold thickness (SFT), fat mass (FM), fat free mass (FFM), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and serum leptin level was evaluated by using a pre and post-experimental balanced low-calorie diet 915.23 kcal/day with the composition of 55.81% carbohydrate, 19.46% protein and 24.73% fat for 14 days on 39 obese-women subjects (19-55 years old) who have met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The collected data include demographic characteristic, macronutrient and energy intake, as well as of anthropometry, FM, FFM, and serum leptin level. Body weight reduction occurs significantly (p<0.05) from 70.99 ± 8.62 to 68.81 ± 8.36 kg (3.07%); BMI reduction is significant (p<0.05) from 30.28 ± 3.11 kg/m2 to 29.36 ± 2.94 kg/m2 (3.04%); Significantly reduced SFT (p<0.05) from 99.36 ± 12.07 mm to 91.29 ± 10.85 mm (8.08%); Significantly reduced FM (p<0.05) from 35.41 ± 2.75 % to 33.65 ± 2.73% (1.76%); Significantly increased FFM percentage (p<0.05) from 64.59 ± 2.74 to 66.35 ± 2.73 (2.72%); Significantly reduced WC (waist circumference) (p<0.05) from 85.87 ± 7.31 to 83.35 ± 7.09 (2.93%); Significantly reduced HC (hip circumference) (p<0.05) from 107.59 ± 6.67 to 106.49 ± 6.37 (1.02%); Significantly reduced WHR (p<0.05) from 0.80 ± 0.05 to 0.78 ± 0.04 (2.24%); Significantly reduced serum leptin (p<0.05) from 23.31 (12.06-71.22) to 18.18 (7.90-65.11) (22.01%); positive correlation is observed between serum leptin level and FM significantly (p<0.05) before treatment (r=0.47 ; p=0.003) and after treatment (r=0.57 ; p=0.001). Balanced low-calorie diet may effectively reduce body weight, BMI, skin fold thickness, percentage of fat mass, to increase percentage of fat free mass, to reduce waist to hip ratio and serum leptin level. (Med J Indones 2005; 14: 220-4)

Abstrak :
Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh penurunan berat badan terhadap kadar asam urat plasma dan urin subjek dengan berat badan lebih. Tempat: Sebuah pusat kebugaran di Kelapa Gading, Jakarta Utara Metodologi: Dilakukan penelitian pada 26 perempuan peserta program penurunan berat badan (BB) yang bersedia mengikuti penelitian ini. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimen kuasi pra dan pasca perlakuan tanpa pembanding. Tiap subjek mendapat diet rendah kalori seimbang dan olahraga aerobik selama 12 minggu. Diet rendah kalori seimbang diberikan berdasarkan pengurangan kalori sebesar 1000 kkal/hari. Dengan perhitungan keluaran energi selama olahraga aerobik yang diprogramkan berkisar antara 200-400 kkal/hari, diet yang diberikan kira-kira 800-1100 kkal/hari. Sebelum diberikan olahraga aerobik dilakukan tes Cooper untuk menilai kemampuan maksimal tiap subjek dalam berolahraga. Olahraga aerobik diberikan dengan intensitas 60-80% kemampuan maksimal, lama latihan 60 merit; dan frekuensi 5 kali seminggu Pemeriksaan antropometri dan kadar asam urat dilakukan pada awal, minggu ke 2, dan akhir perlakuan. Hasil Terjadi penurunan BB secara signifikan (p<0,05; uji t berpasangan) dan 74,30 ± 10,48 kg menjadi 65,31 ± 8,56 kg (penurunan 12,10%); penurunan indeks massa tubuh (IMT) secara signifikan (p<0,05) dari 29,79 ± 4,28 menjadi 26,19 ± 3,41 kglm2 (pemmman 12,08%); dan penurunan massa lemak (ML) secara signifikan (p<0,05) Bari 36,21 ± 2,80 menjadi 25,97 ±2,94% (penurunan 28,28%). Pada minggu ke 2 terjadi peningkatan kadar asam urat plasma dan urin, masing-masing dari 5,40 ± 1,29 menjadi 5,96 ± 1,44 mg/dL (peningkatan 10,37%) dan dari 542,23 ± 179,39 menjadi 583,15 ± 202,35 mg/dL (peningkatan 7,55%). Setelah perlakuan 12 minim' terjadi penurunan kadar asam urat plasma dan urin yang signifikan (p<0,05) masing-masing dari 5,40 ± 1,29 menjadi 4,39 t 1,21 mg/dL (penurunan 18,70%) dan dari 542,23 ± 179,39 menjadi 479,06 ± 134,73 rng/dL (pemurumn 11,60%). Penurunan berat badan mempunyai korelasi lemah dengan penurunan kadar asam urat plasma (r = 0,32) dan penurunan kadar asam urat urin (r = 0,33) namun tidak signifikan (p >0,05). Dengan uji multivariat didapat korelasi positif atas peningkatan kadar asam urat plasma minggu ke 2 dengan BB awal. Penurunan kadar asam urat plasma pada akhir penelitian mempunyai korelasi positif dengan person ML akhir perlakuan. Penurunan kadar asam carat urin akhir perlakuan berkorelasi positif dengan asupan protein awal, serta berkorelasi negatif dengan clearance asam urat swat. Kesimpulan: Pada proses penurunan berat badan dengan diet rendah kalori seimbang dan olahraga aerobik, kadar asam urat plasma dan urin mula-mula akan meningkat, kemudian menurun mencapai kadar yang lebih rendah daripada kadar awal.

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Effects of Weight Reduction by Balanced Low-Calorie Diet (LCD) and Aerobic Exercise on Plasma and Urinary Uric Acid Levels of Overweight WomenObjective: To investigate the effects of weight reduction on plasma and urinary uric acid levels of overweight subjects Place: One fitness centre at Ketapa Gading, North Jakarta Methods: Twenty six overweight women were studied in a pre and posttest, using control group as the same subjects as the treatment group. Subjects received a balanced LCD and aerobic exercise for 12 weeks. Balanced LCD was given based on energy deficit 1000 kcal/day. Energy expenditure from aerobic exercise was 200 to 400 kcal and the subject were given diet of 800-1100 kcallday. All subjects had to undergo Cooper test for designing the aerobic exercise program. The intensity of the aerobic exercise was 60-80% of maximum capacity with duration of 60 minutes 5 days a week Anthropometric measurements and plasma and urinary uric acid were examined at the beginning, second week and after the treatment Results: Balanced LCD and aerobic exercise given for 12 week significantly (p<0.05; paired t test) decreased body weight (BW), body mass index (BM), and fat mass from 74.30 ± 10.48 kg to 65.31 ± 8.56 kg (decreased 12.10%), from 29.79 ± 4.28 to 26.1.9 ± 3.41 kg/m2 (12.08%), and from 36.21 ± 2.80 to 25.97 ± 2.94% (28.28%) respectively. In the second week, plasma and urinary uric acid levels increased from 5.40 ± 129 to 5.96 ± 1.44 mg/dL (10.7%) and from 542.23 ± 179.39 to 583.15 ± 202.35 mg/dL (7.55%). After 12 weeks of treatment, plasma and urinary uric acid levels decreased significantly (p<0,05) from 5.40 ± L29 to 4.39 ± 1.21 mg/dL (18.70%), and from 542.23 ± 179.39 to 479.06 ± 134.73 mg/dL (11.60%) respectively. There was a weak correlation between weight reduction and plasma (r = 0.32) and urinary uric acid levels (r = 0.33), but not significant (p X0.05). With multivariate analysis, there was a positive correlation between increased plasma uric acid level with BW before treatment There was a positive correlation between decreased of plasma uric acid after treatment with fat mass after treaatment (%). There was a positive correlation between decreased after treatment urinary uric acid level and before treatment protein intake, and had a negative correlation with before treatment uric acid clearance. Conclusions: In the process of weight reduction with balance LCD and aerobic exercise, plasma and urinary uric acid levels increased in the second week, and decreased to the levels lower than the base line at the end of treatment.

Abstrak :
Tujuan : Mengetahui keadaan metabolisme penderita obesitas setelah menjalani diet rendah kalori seimbang selama 14 hari, dengan mengukur resting energy expenditure (REE) dan kadar T3 serum Tempat : Rumah Sakit Sumber Waras, Jakarta Barat Metodologi: Dilakukan penelitian pada 37 orang perempuan obes yang memenuhi kriteria penerimaan dan penolakan serta bersedia mengikuti penelitian ini. Penelitian ini merupakan studi quasi eksperimental pra dan pasca perlakuan. Setiap subjek menjalani diet rendah kalori seimbang 1000 kkal selama 14 hari. Pemeriksaan antropometri, REE dan kadar T3 serum dilakukan pada awal, hari ke 7 dan akhir perlakuan. REE diukur dengan kalorimetri tak langsung (REE ukur) dan dihitung dengan menggunakan persamaan Harris-Benedict (REE hitung). Hasil: Pada akhir perlakuan terjadi penurunan yang bermakna (p <0,05) pada berat badan, massa lemak, massa bebas lemak, REE ukur dan REE hitung masing-masing dari 71,22±8,63 kg menjadi 69,15±8,37 kg (penurunan 2,9%), dari 35,32J2,58% menjadi 33,94,58% (penurunan 1,38%), dari 45,96±4,89 kg menjadi 45,544,82 kg (penurunan 0,92%), dari 1815,0822,37 kkal menjadi 1718,97±269,50 kkal (penurunan 5,29%) dan dari 1428,07+84,02 kkal menjadi 1408,25 1,52 kkal (penurunan 1,39%). Penurunan kadar T3 serum yang bermakna terjadi pada hari ke 7 (p = 0,001), dari 0,9005±0,1530 ng/mL menjadi 0,836210,1611 mg/mL (penurunan 7,1%). Pada akhir penelitian, dibandingkan dengan hari ke 7, terjadi pertingkatan T3 yang tidak beramakna. Pada hari ke 7 terdapat korelasi positif bermakna (r = 0,349; p = 0,034) antara perubahan REE ukur dengan perubahan T3. Pada hari ke 15 terdapat korelasi positif bermakna (r = 0,401; p = 0,014) antara perubahan REE ukur dengan perubahan massa bebas lemak. Perubahan T3 pada hari ke 7 mempunyai korelasi positif bermakna (r = 0,385; p = 0,019) dengan perubahan berat badan pada minggu pertama dan dengan perubahan massa bebas lemak pada minggu pertama (r = 0,345; p = 0,036). Pads penurunan berat badan sebesar 2,9% terdapat penurunan REE ukur dan REE hitung masing-masing 5,29% dan 1,39%. Rata-rata REE ukur lebih besar 27% daripada REE hitung. Kesimpulan : Setelah terjadi penurunan berat badan dengan diet rendah kalori seimbang, penderita obesitas berada dalam kondisi hipometabolisme yang ditandai dengan penurunan RFE ukur, REE hitung dan kadar T3 serum.

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Objective: to determine the metabolic state of obese females after treatment with balanced low-calorie diet for 14 days by measuring resting energy expenditure (REE) and serum T3 level as indicators. Location : Sumber Waras hospital , West Jakarta Methods : The study was carried out on 37 obese females who have been recruited based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study is a quasi experimental study with a pre and posttest treatment design. Every subject received a balanced low-calorie diet (LCD) of 1000 kcal/day for 14 days. Antropometric measwrements, REE and serum T3 levels were examined at the beginning, at day 7 and at the end of study. REE were measured and calculated by indirect calorimetry (measured-REE) and using Harris-Benedict equation (calculated-REE) respectively. Result : Balanced LCD given for 14 days significantly (p <0.05) decreased body weight (BW) , fat mass, fat free mass, measured-REE and calculated-REE from 71.22±8.63 kg to 69.15±8.37 kg (decreased 2,9%), from 35.32.58% to 33.94±2.58% (1,38%), from 45.96±4.89 kg to 45.54±4.82 kg (0,92%), from 1815.0822.37 kcal to 1718.97±269.50 kcal (5,29%), and from 1428,.7±84.02 kcal to 1408.25±81.52 kcal (1,39%) respectively. There was a significant decrease (p = 0.001) in serum T3 leveI at day 7 from 0.9005±0.1530 ng/mL to 0.836210.1611 nglmL (decrease 7,1%). At the end of the study, serum T3 levels increased not significantly compared to day 7. At day 7, there was a significant positive correlation (r = 0.349; p = 0.034) between the change in measured-REE and the change in serum T3 levels. At day 15, a significant positive correlation (r = 0.401; p = 0.014) was found between the change in measured-REE and the change in fat free mass. The changed of serum T3 levels at day 7 had significant positive correlation (r = 0,385; p = 0,019) with the changed of BW in the first week. The changed of serum T3 levels at day 7 had significant positive correlation (r = 0,345; p = 0,036) with the changed of fat free mass in the first week. After reduction of BW by 2.9%, there was a decrease of measured-REE and calculated-REE, 5.29% and 1.39%, respectively. The measured-REE was 27% higher than calculated-REE. Conclusion : Weight-reduced obese subjects with balanced LCD were in hypometabolic state indicated by a reduction in measured and calculated-REE, and serum T3 levels.