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""This guide comprehensively covers everything from theory to practical application examples of modeling and simulation techniques of human physiology for medical engineers"--Provided by publisher"

"Salah satu bentuk modal pembangunan adalah sumber daya manusia yang sehat yaitu sehat fisik, mental dan sosial. Remaja yang sehat dan memiliki daya tahan jantung paru yang baik akan mampu berprestasi dalam pelajaran maupun pekerjaan sehingga produktivitasnya meningkat, sementara dari hasil survei dan penelitian tentang kesegaran jasmani dari tahun 1990 sampai tahun 2000 ditemukan bahwa lebih dari 50% remaja siswa SMA mempunyai tingkat kesegaran jasmani kurang.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran daya tahan jantung paru dan faktor-faktor yang diduga berhubungan dengan daya tahan jantung paru yaitu persentase lemak tubuh, kadar hemoglobin, denyut nadi, kebiasaan merokok, frekuensi olahraga, lama olahraga, jenis olahraga, umur dan jenis kelamin pada siswa SMA Negeri 1 dan SMA Negeri 3 kota Depok tahun 2004.Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif, menggunakan rancangan cross sectional atau potong lintang. Sampel penelitian adalah siswa SMA Negeri 1 dan SMA Negeri 3 kota Depok sebanyak 190 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara mengukur daya tahan jantung paru, persentase lemak tubuh, kadar hemoglobin, denyut nadi istirahat dan wawancara untuk mengetahui kebiasaan merokok, frekuensi olahraga, lama olahraga, jenis olahraga, umur dan jenis kelamin. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat (rata-rata dan frekuensi), bivariat (uji korelasi dan Khai kuadrat untuk melihat faktor yang berhubungan dengan daya tahan jantung paru), multivariat (uji regresi logistrk berganda untuk melihat faktor yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan daya tahan jantung paru).Hasil penelitian menemukan sebagian besar siswa (68,9 %) mempunyai daya tahan jantung paru dengan kategori kurang dam hanya 31,1 % siswa dengan daya tahan jantung paru kategori baik. Analisis bivariat mendapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara umur (p = 0,047), jenis kelamin (p = 0,019), persentase lemak tubuh (p = 0,013), kadar hemoglobin (p = 0,002), denyut nadi istirahat (p = 0,000), frekuensi olahraga seminggu (p = 0,000) dan lama olahraga seminggu (p = 0,000) dengan daya tahan jantung pare, sedangkan kebiasaan merokok tidak mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna (p = 0,34) dengan daya tahan jantung paru. Analisis multivariat mendapatkan vanabel yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan daya tahan jantung paru adalah frekuensi olahraga dalam seminggu (OR = 5,455).Pembinaan program olahraga intensif perlu dilakukan di sekolah baik pada saat jam pelajaran olahraga dan kesehatan maupun pembinaan kegiatan ekstrakurikuler maupun di rumah. Untuk menunjang pelaksanaan program ini perlu adanya kerjasama yang baik antara Departemen Pendidikan Nasional dengan Departemen Kesehatan dalam melakukan survei tingkat kesegaran jasmani pada remaja sekolah.

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Factors Related To Cardiorespiratory Endurance Of SMA 1 And SMa 3 Depok Students In 2004One primary point of view needed for succeeding all subjects of development and progree in this country is to have a good physical, mental and social health. Adolescent with good cardiorespiratory endurance will be able to reach a positive achievement whether in studying or working, so that their productivity increase. Whereas, other 50 % of SMA students still have a lower cardiorespiratory endurance.

This research is aimed at knowing the perspective of cardiorespiratory endurance and several related factors surch as: body fat percentage, hemoglobin, pulse, smoking habits, duration and frequency of sportsactivity, sort of sports, age and gender of SMA 1 and SMA 3 Depok Students in 2004.

The type of research is quantitative, using sectional cross device or transversal. Research samples are 190 SMA land SMA 3 Depok students. Data is gathered by measuring cardiorespiratory endurance, body fat percentage, hemoglobin level, pulse during resting, and by interviewing them of smoking habits, durations and frequency of sports activity, sort of sport, age and gender. Data analyzing process is applied univariantly (average and frequency), bivariaotly (correlation test and chi quadrat), Multivariant (double logistic regression)

The research finally finds most students (58,9%) have a lower cardiorespiratory endurance while 31,1% have a good one. Bivariant analysis abtains a meaningful relationship between age (p = 0,047), gender (p = 0,019), body fat percentage (p = 0,013), hemoglobin level (p = 0,002), puts during resting (p = 0,000), sports activity frequency per week (p = 0,000), sports activity duration per week (p = 0,000) and cardiorespiratory endurance, whereas smoking habits has no relationship with cardiorespiratory endurance Multivariant analysis obtains most dominant variable connected with cardiorespiratory endurance : sports activity frequency per week (OR = 5,455), hemoglobin level (OR = 4,721), puts during resting (OR= 5,103) and body fat percentage (OR = 2,979).

Establishing an intensive sports program is needed to apply at school whether in sports class/lesson or in extracurricular activities. Application of this program needs good cooperation between national education dept and health dept."

"The volumes present a multidisciplinary approach to modeling and simulation of flows in the cardiovascular and ventilatory systems, especially multiscale modeling and coupled simulations. The cardiovascular and respiratory systems are tightly coupled, as their primary function is to supply oxygen to and remove carbon dioxide from the body's cells. Because physiological conduits have deformable and reactive walls, macroscopic flow behavior and prediction must be coupled to nano- and microscopic events in a corrector scheme of regulated mechanisms. Therefore, investigation of flows of blood and air in physiological conduits requires an understanding of the biology, chemistry, and physics of these systems together with the mathematical tools to describe their functioning.Volumes 1 and 2 are devoted to cell organization and fate, as well as activities that are autoregulated and/or controlled by the cell environment. Volume 1 examined cellular features that allow adaptation to environmental conditions. Volume 2 begins with a survey of the cell types of the nervous and endocrine systems involved in the regulation of the vasculature and respiratory tract and growth factors. It then describes major cell events in the circulatory and ventilatory systems, such as cell growth, proliferation, migration, and death. Circadian cycles that drive rhythmic gene transcription are also covered."

"The volumes in this authoritative series present a multidisciplinary approach to modeling and simulation of flows in the cardiovascular and ventilatory systems, especially multiscale modeling and coupled simulations. The cardiovascular and respiratory systems are tightly coupled, as their primary function is to supply oxygen to and remove carbon dioxide from the body's cells. Because physiological conduits have deformable and reactive walls, macroscopic flow behavior and prediction must be coupled to nano- and microscopic events in a corrector scheme of regulated mechanisms when the vessel lumen caliber varies markedly. Therefore, investigation of flows of blood and air in physiological conduits requires an understanding of the biology, chemistry, and physics of these systems together with the mathematical tools to describe their functioning. "