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Abstrak :
Thee preliminary results of :lie i998 Malawi Population and Housing Census (MPHC) indicate that the population of Malawi is 9.8 million. This _,figure is less than estimates prepared by most national and international institutions including renowned population specialists working an :lie population of Malawi. Nearly all-available population projections estimated :liar ill!! population of Malawi in i993 would be around I l million. The aforementioned discrepancy has .tome serious consequences. Firs! :lie Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita may be distorted in such a way as to suggest a general improvement in rite quality of life contrary to the situation. Second, the results of the census may be interpreted to indicate the success of me national population program especially rite :rational family planning program. As a result of these consequences there is need to evaluate me census results to verify whether the reported figure is indeed correct or to provide a plausible explanation for flue anomaly. Though not prescriptive, the paper offers plausible explanation for :lie observed differences. In particular, me paper argues that rite population figure obtained front the 1998 census, like most other censuses in developing countries, were underreported.