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"Pendahuluan: Interleukin-17 (IL-17) adalah sitokin yang berasal dari sel T yang berperan penting dalam memulai dan mempertahankan respon pro-inflamasi dan perkembangan penyakit periodontal. Tujuan: untuk menilai kadar IL-17 dalam cairan crevicular gingiva (CKG) dari perokok dengan periodontitis kronis, dan dibandingkan dengan kelompok non-perokok. Metode: Sampel CKG diambil dari lokasi kehilangan perlekatan ≥ 3mm pada 14 subjek perokok dan 11 subjek tidak merokok dengan penyakit periodontal. Pemeriksaan ELISA dilakukan untuk menentukan jumlah total IL-17 di dalam sampel CKG. Hasil: Ada perbedaan bermakna (p≤ 0,05) total kadar IL-17 di dalam sampel CKG antara perokok dengan non-perokok. Tidak ada perubahan signifikan tingkat IL-17 di CKG sesuai dengan banyaknya jumlah konsumsi rokok.Tidak ada perbedaan kadar IL-17 pada kedalaman poket periodontal antara perokok dengan periodontitis kronis, dan tidak ada perbedaan kadar IL-17 antara perokok dengan non-perokok disertai periodontitis kronis. Kesimpulan: Merokok tidak mempengaruhi kadar IL-17 pada CKG penderita periodontitis kronis.

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Introduction: Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a cytokine derived from T cells. This cytokine has a role in beginning and continuing a pro-inflammatory response and the development of periodontal disease. Objective: to investigate the effect of smoking on IL-17 levels in the gingival crevicular fluid (CKG) of smokers with chronic periodontitis, and compared with the group non-smoking with chronic periodontitis. Methods: CKG samples were taken from the deepest pocket affected by periodontal disease (attachment loss ≥ 3mm) from 14 subjects of smokers and 11 subjects of non-smokers. ELISA examination was carried out to establish the total amount of IL-17 in the collected CKG samples. Results: There were significant differences in total IL-17 levels in CKG between smokers and non-smoker. There was no significant change in IL-17 levels in CKG related to the amount of cigarette consumption. There was no significant change in IL-17 levels related to periodontal pocket depth (PPD) smoker with chronic periodontitis. There was no significant change in IL-17 levels between smoker and non-smoker with chronic periodontitis. Conclusion: Smoking did not significantly affect total levels of IL-17 cytokines in CKG patients with chronic periodontitis."

"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Minosiklin merupakan antibiotik dengan sifat bakteriostatikyang potensial mengeliminasi bakteri patogen periodontal. Kesembuhanperawatan periodontitis kronis umumnya ditunjukkan secara klinis danmikrobiologis. Tujuan: Menganalisis parameter klinis (penurunan kedalamanpoket dan indeks perdarahan gingiva, peningkatan perlekatan klinis) dan jumlahT. forsythia sebelum dan sesudah aplikasi gel Minosiklin HCl 2%. Metode:Empat puluh dua subjek menerima aplikasi gel Minosiklin HCl 2% sebanyakempat kali, kemudian dievaluasi parameter klinis dan T. forsythia dengan Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Hasil: Terdapat perbedaanbermakna dari parameter klinis dan T. forsythia antara pemeriksaan awal dankontrol bulan ke-6 (p<0,05). Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara hubunganpenurunan indeks perdarahan gingiva dengan jumlah T. forsythia (p<0,05).Kesimpulan: Aplikasi gel Minosiklin HCl 2% secara klinis dan mikrobiologisefektif dalam perawatan periodontitis kronis.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Minocycline is known as one of the antibiotics with greatbacteriostatic effect to eliminate periodontal pathogen. Healthier periodontalenvironment is usually shown with better clinical and microbiological response.Objective: To clinically and microbiologically (T. forsythia) analyze the effect ofMinocycline HCl 2% for treatment of chronic periodontitis within six months.Methods: Forty-two subjects applied with Minocyline HCl 2% for four times.Clinical and microbiological examinations were evaluated on baseline, month-2,month-3, and month-6. T. forsythia was examined with Real-Time PolymeraseChain Reaction (RT-PCR) techniques. Result: There were significant differencesbetween Probing Pocket Depth, Papilla Bleeding Index, Clinical AttachmentLevel, and amount of T. forsythia in baseline compare to six months period(p<0.05). There was an association between the amount of T. forsythia and PapillaBleeding Index (p<0.05). Conclusion: Minocycline HCl 2% was effectiveclinically and microbiologically in chronic periodontitis therapy.;Background: Minocycline is known as one of the antibiotics with greatbacteriostatic effect to eliminate periodontal pathogen. Healthier periodontalenvironment is usually shown with better clinical and microbiological response.Objective: To clinically and microbiologically (T. forsythia) analyze the effect ofMinocycline HCl 2% for treatment of chronic periodontitis within six months.Methods: Forty-two subjects applied with Minocyline HCl 2% for four times.Clinical and microbiological examinations were evaluated on baseline, month-2,month-3, and month-6. T. forsythia was examined with Real-Time PolymeraseChain Reaction (RT-PCR) techniques. Result: There were significant differencesbetween Probing Pocket Depth, Papilla Bleeding Index, Clinical AttachmentLevel, and amount of T. forsythia in baseline compare to six months period(p<0.05). There was an association between the amount of T. forsythia and PapillaBleeding Index (p<0.05). Conclusion: Minocycline HCl 2% was effectiveclinically and microbiologically in chronic periodontitis therapy., Background: Minocycline is known as one of the antibiotics with greatbacteriostatic effect to eliminate periodontal pathogen. Healthier periodontalenvironment is usually shown with better clinical and microbiological response.Objective: To clinically and microbiologically (T. forsythia) analyze the effect ofMinocycline HCl 2% for treatment of chronic periodontitis within six months.Methods: Forty-two subjects applied with Minocyline HCl 2% for four times.Clinical and microbiological examinations were evaluated on baseline, month-2,month-3, and month-6. T. forsythia was examined with Real-Time PolymeraseChain Reaction (RT-PCR) techniques. Result: There were significant differencesbetween Probing Pocket Depth, Papilla Bleeding Index, Clinical AttachmentLevel, and amount of T. forsythia in baseline compare to six months period(p<0.05). There was an association between the amount of T. forsythia and PapillaBleeding Index (p<0.05). Conclusion: Minocycline HCl 2% was effectiveclinically and microbiologically in chronic periodontitis therapy.]"

"ABSTRAKObjective: To evaluate the effect of 10 % Emblica offcinalis irrigation, which has anti inflammatory, antioxidative, and antimicrobial activities, adjunctive to scaling and root planing (SRP) for treatment of chronic periodontitis. Methods: Sixty six patients were randomly assigned to the negative control group (SRP saline irrigation; n 22), positive control group (SRP chlorhexidine irrigation; n 22), and test group (SRP 10 % E. offcinalis irrigation; n 22). Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and sulcus bleeding index (SBI) were monitored 3 months post-therapy. Results: There were signifcantly greater reductions in the mean PI, PPD, and SBI but a greater mean CAL at 3 months post therapy in the test group than in the negative control (p 0.05). Compared with the positive control, the test group demonstrated greater reduction in SBI but comparable improvements in PI, GI, CAL, deep pockets (PPD 5 until 6 mm, 7 mm), and sites with CAL 6 mm at 3 months post therapy (p 0.05) but less reduction in the mean PPD (p 0.05). Conclusions: E. offcinalis 10 % irrigant adjunctive to SRP improved periodontal healing without side effects and may be an alternative to chlorhexidine for chronic periodontitis treatment. "

"Latar Belakang: Periodontitis kronis adalah penyakit multifaktorial yang dipengaruhi oleh plak bakteri dan respon inflamasi tubuh dengan matriks metalloproteinase sebagai salah satu molekul inflamasi yang ditemukan meningkat pada penyakit periodontal. Skeling dan penghalusan akar (SPA) telah umum digunakan sebagai pengobatan konvensional atau non-bedah dalam terapi periodontal. Tujuan: Untuk mengevaluasi ekspresi m-RNA matriks metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), jumlah Tannerella forsythia (T. forsythia), dan parameter klinis periodontal satu bulan setelah SPA. Metode: Lima puluh gigi dengan poket 4-6 mm dari enam pasien periodontitis kronis dan satu subjek periodontal sehat disertakan dalam penelitian ini. Data penelitian cairan sulkus gingiva diambil dari poket terdalam setiap gigi dengan poket periodontal 4-6 mm untuk mengukur tingkat ekspresi m-RNA MMP-9 dan T.forsythia menggunakan quantitative real time-PCR (qPCR). Kedalaman poket, indeks perdarahan gingiva, dan kehilangan perlekatan klinis diukur pada hari pertama sebagai baseline dan pada hari ke 30. SPA dilakukan pada hari ke-1. Data dianalisis menggunakan program perangkat lunak SPSS 22.0. Hasil: Dibandingkan dengan kontrol, parameter klinis periodontal dan T.forsythia secara signifikan berkurang sementara pengurangan ekspresi m-RNA ­MMP-9 ditemukan tidak signifikan pada hari ke-30 setelah SPA. Kesimpulan: Satu bulan setelah SPA pada periodontitis kronis dengan poket 4-6 mm didapatkan penurunan jumlah T.forsythia dan parameter klinis periodontal secara signifikan dengan ekspresi m-RNA MMP-9 menurun tidak signifikan. Penelitian lebih lanjut dengan periode pengamatan lebih lama diperlukan untuk mengkonfirmasi atau menolak temuan di atas.

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Background: Chronic periodontitis is a multifactorial disease influenced by both bacterial plaque and host inflammatory response with matrix metalloproteinase as one of inflammatory molecules found elevated in periodontal disease. Scaling and root planning (SRP) has been commonly used as conventional or non-surgery treatment in periodontal therapy. Aim: To evaluate m-RNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), Tannerella forsythia (T. forsythia), and clinical periodontal parameter one month after SRP. Methods: Fifty tooth with pocket 4-6 mm from six CP patients and one periodontally healthy subject was recuited in this study. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were collected from deepest pocket of every tooth with pocket 4-6 mm, the expression level of MMP-9 m-RNA and T.forsythia was measured using quantitative real time-PCR(qPCR). Pocket depth (PD), papilla bleeding index (PBI), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were measured on day 1 as baseline and on the 30th day. SRP were performed on day 1. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 software program. Results: By comparing to control, the periodontal clinical parameters and T.forsythia were significantly reduced after SRP while the reduction of MMP-9 m-RNA expression was found no significantly after 30th day. Conclusion: Our study show that SRP was clinically effective for CP with 4-6 mm pocket although the expression of MMP-9 m-RNA was not significantly reduced following SRP for one month period. Further studies with longer observation period are needed to confirm or reject the above finding."

"Latar belakang: Periodontitis merupakan interaksi kompleks antara sitokin pro-inflamasi dan sitokin anti-inflamasi. Sitokin anti-inflamasi seperti IL-4 pada cairan krevikular gingiva (CKG) dapat menjadi biomarker penyakit periodontal.Tujuan Penelitian: Menganalisis perbedaan kadar IL-4 dalam CKG penderita periodontitis kronis dan periodontitis agresif.Metode dan Bahan: Sampel CKG dikumpulkan dari pasien normal (n=21), periodontitis kronis (n=38) dan periodontitis agresif (n=35) dan dilakukan analisis kadar IL-4 dengan menggunakan ELISA.Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan kadar IL-4 antara periodontitis kronis dengan normal dan antara periodontitis agresif dengan normal (p=0,000). Tidak ada perbedaan kadar IL-4 (p=0,729) antara periodontitis kronis (14,73±0,32 pg/ml) periodontitis agresif (20,58±23,00 pg/ml).Kesimpulan: Kadar IL-4 menurun pada kondisi inflamasi, baik pada periodontitis kronis ataupun periodontitis agresif.

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Background: Periodontitis is a complex interaction between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine. IL-4 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine in GCF that can be used as a periodontal biomarker.

Objectives: To compare level of IL-4 in GCF of chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis.

Material and Methods: GCF sample were collected from normal (n=21), periodontitis chronic (n=38) and aggressive periodontitis (n=35) group and analysis of level IL-4 was performed with ELISA.

Results: There was a difference level of IL-4 between chronic periodontitis with normal and between aggressive periodontitis with normal (p=0,000). There was no difference level of IL-4 (p=0,729) between chronic periodontitis (14,73±0,32 pg/ml) and aggressive periodontitits (20,58±23,00 pg/ml).

Kesimpulan: Level of IL-4 was decreased in inflammation condition, either chronic periodontitis or aggressive periodontitis."

"Latar Belakang:  Penyakit periodontal merupakan penyakit gigi dan mulut kedua terbanyak diderita masyarakat Indonesia. Penyakit periodontal terdiri dari gingivitis dan periodontitis. Periodontitis adalah inflamasi pada jaringan pendukung gigi yang disebabkan oleh mikroorganisme spesifik atau kelompok mikroorganisme. Dalam mendiagnosis penyakit periodontitis pada umumnya diperlukan pemeriksaan radiografis untuk melakukan evaluasi perubahan tulang alveolar, terutama perubahan tinggi tulang alveolar yang merupakan salah satu tanda adanya penyakit periodontal. Data ini diperlukan bagi tatalaksana pasien yang meliputi diagnosis, rencana perawatan, prakiraan prognosis dan observasi. Radiograf periapikal adalah “gold standard” pada pemeriksaan radiografis konvensional kasus periodontitis. Tujuan: Memperoleh nilai rata-rata penurunan tinggi tulang alveolar pada pasien penderita periodontitis kronis rentang usia 25-40 tahun secara radiografis di RSKGM FKG UI. Metode: Pengukuran penurunan tinggi tulang alveolar pada 192 sampel radiograf periapikal digital usia 25-40 tahun di RSKGM FKG UI. Hasil: Nilai rata-rata penurunan tinggi tulang alveolar pada gigi insisif sentral rahang atas permukaan mesial sebesar 5.13 ± 0.58 dan pada permukaan distal sebesar 3.82 ± 0.4. Pada gigi insisif sentral rahang bawah, nilai rata-rata penurunan tinggi tulang alveolar permukaan mesial sebesar 7.98 ± 0.6 dan pada permukaan distal 6.85 ± 0.48. Pada gigi molar 1 rahang atas, diperoleh nilai rata-rata permukaan mesial sebesar 3.73 ± 0.37 dan pada permukaan distal 4.66 ± 0.55, sedangkan pada gigi molar 1 rahang bawah permukaan mesial diperoleh nilai rata-rata 3.74 ± 0.43 dan permukaan distal sebesar 3.08 ± 0.17. Kesimpulan: Nilai rata-rata penurunan tinggi tulang alveolar pada permukaan mesial gigi insisif sentral rahang bawah kasus penyakit periodontal adalah yang tertinggi dibanding kelompok lainnya.

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Background: Periodontal disease is the second most common tooth and mouth disease suffered by Indonesian society. Periodontal disease consists of gingivitis and periodontitis. Periodontitis is defined as an inflammatory disease of supporting bone tissues of teeth caused by specific microorganisms or groups of specific microorganisms. In diagnosing periodontitis, in general we need radiograph examination to evaluate changes in alveolar bone, especially changes in alveolar height which indicates the periodontal disease. This data is necessary for the management of the patient including diagnosis, treatment plan, prognosis, and observation.  Periapical is a “gold standard” on conventional radiographic examination on periodontitis cases. Objective: To obtain the average value of decreased alveolar bone height in 25-40 years old patients with chronic periodontitis at RSKGM FKG UI radiographically. Method: Measurement of decreased alveolar bone height in 192 digital periapical radiograph samples aged 25-40 years in RSKGM FKG UI. Result: The mean value of decreased alveolar bone height of maxillary central incisors on the mesial surface was 5.13 ± 0.58 and on the distal surface was 3.82 ± 0.4. On mandibular central incisors, the mean value of decreased alveolar bone height on the mesial surface was 7.98 ± 0.6 and on the distal surface was 6.85 ± 0.48. On maxillary first molars, the mean value of decreased alveolar bone height on the mesial surface was 3.73 ± 0.37 and on the distal surface was 4.66 ± 0.55. Whereas, on mandibular first molar, the mean value of decreased alveolar bone height on mesial surface was 3.74 ± 0.43 and on the distal surface was 3.08 ± 0.17. Conclusion: The average decreased in alveolar bone height on mesial surface of mandibular central incisors is the highest among other groups."

"ABSTRAKPeriodontitis merupakan penyakit kronis rongga mulut yang berkontribusi menjadi bebanpenyakit kronis di dunia. Keradangan kronis yang berat pada periodontitis kronis PK akan menimbulkan respon sistemik terhadap bakteri, dan produk kerusakan periodontal.Hubungan antara PK dengan diabetes melitus tipe-2 DM tipe-2 terjadi karena infeksioral merupakan faktor predisposisi DM tipe-2, sebaliknya DM tipe-2 menjadi faktorpredisposisi PK. Adipositokin, diantaranya resistin dan adiponektin, merupakan sitokinyang berperan sebagai mediator penyakit periodontal dan DM tipe-2. Tujuan penelitianini adalah menjelaskan peran adipositokin terhadap keterkaitan antara PK dengan DMtipe-2, ditinjau dari polimorfisme gen adiponektin, kadar resistin dan adiponektin, sertapengembangan model risiko periodontitis kronis. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 50 subjekPK non-DM usia 29-68 tahun dan 50 subjek PK dengan DM tipe-2 usia 30-73 tahun .Seluruh subjek dilakukan pemeriksaan status periodontal, status diabetes melitus, kadarresistin dan adiponektin di dalam CKG cairan krevikular gingiva maupun serum, bodymass index, serta polimorfisme gen adiponektin ADIPOQ 276G>T . Hasil uji bivariatpada subjek PK antara non-DM dengan DM tipe-2 menunjukkan terdapat perbedaanbermakna pT, kadar resistin danadiponektin CKG, kendali glikemik, serta BMI. Polimorfisme gen ADIPOQ 276G>Tmerupakan faktor risiko PK. Subjek dengan genotip GT berisiko 4,2 kali menderita PKdengan DM tipe-2 dibandingkan dengan subjek genotip GG. Model risiko PK dibentukdari faktor risiko usia, LDL, indeks kalkulus, gen adiponektin serta BMI dengan kekuatanhubungan kuat >80.

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ABSTRACTPeriodontitis is a chronic disease of the oral cavity that contributes to the burden ofchronic diseases worldwide. Severe chronic inflammation in chronic periodontitis CP will lead to systemic responses cause by bacteria and the breakdown products. Theassociation between CP with type 2 diabetes mellitus T2DM occurs because oralinfection is a predisposing factor for T2DM, whereas T2DM becomes a CP predisposingfactor. Adipocytokine induces insulin resistance, acts as a mediator of periodontal diseaseand T2DM. Resistin and adiponectin are adipocytokines. The purpose of this study wasto predict the role of adipocytokines to the relationship between CP and T2DM, in termsof adiponectin gene polymorphisms, levels of gingival crevicular fluids GCF and serumresistin and adiponectin, and the CP susceptibility risk model. Fifty subject with CP nondiabetes age range 29-68 and 50 CP subject age 30-73 with T2DM were selected. Theperiodontal status, diabetes status, BMI and the levels of GCF and serum resistin andadiponectin were assessed. Bivariate test showed significant differences p T gene polymorphism, resistin and adiponectin levels in GCF, HbA1clevels, and BMI between CP non-DM and CP T2DM subject. Gene polymorphismADIPOQ 276G>T is a risk factor for CP. The subject with GT genotype 4.2 times OR4.2 suffering from CP with DM type-2 compare to the subject with GG genotype. TheCP risk model was formed from risks factors age, LDL, calculus index, adiponectin geneand BMI with strong relation strength > 80 ."

"Latar Belakang: Kerusakan jaringan periodontal terjadi karena inflamasi terhadap invasi bakteri. Human beta defensin-1 adalah peptida antimikroba dan pertahanan pertama terhadap infeksi.Tujuan Penelitian: Membandingkan kadar ekspresi HBD-1 antara kelompok periodontitis kronis, periodontitis agresif dan normalBahan dan Metode: Kadar HBD-1 dari 94 sampel CKG subjek periodontitis kronis, periodontitis agresif dan normal diukur dengan ELISAHasil: Analisis Mann-Whitney menunjukkan perbedaan kadar HBD-1 antara periodontitis kronis dengan normal (p<0,05) dan tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan (p>0,05) antara periodontitis agresif dengan normal, dan antara periodontitis kronis dengan periodontitis agresif.Kesimpulan: Kadar HBD-1 pada CKG menurun pada kondisi periodontitis kronis dan periodontitis agresif.

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Background: Periodontal disease is happened because inflammation reaction ro bacterial invasion. Human beta defensin-1 (HBD-1) is antimicroba peptide which regulate the first defense mechanism.

Objectives: To compare level of HBD-1 between chronic periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis, and normal group.

Material and Methods: Level of HBD-1 from GCF sample of chronic periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis, and normal group were assessed with ELISA.

Results: Mann-Whitney analysis show different level of HBD-1 expression between chronic periodontitis and normal (p<0,05) and there was no significant difference (p>0,05) between aggressive periodontitis and normal, and between chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis.

Conclusion: Level of HBD-1 in GCF decreased in chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis."

"ABSTRACTLatar Belakang: Penyakit periodontitis yang sering dijumpai adalah periodontitis kronis. Periodontitis kronis tidak menimbulkan rasa sakit, sehingga tidak jarang penyakit ini terdiagnosa ketika telah mencapai tingkat keparahan moderate atau severe. Pada pemeriksaan radiografis periodontitis kronis, akan terlihat penurunan tulang alveolar. Penurunan tulang alveolar  akibat proses destruksi meluas akan menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan rasio akar-mahkota gigi. Nilai rasio akar-mahkota gigi dapat berpengaruh pada rencana perawatan dan prognosis dari gigi. Tujuan: Memperoleh nilai rata-rata rasio akar-mahkota pada gigi 36 atau 46 pasien usia 40-59 tahun yang mengalami periodontitis kronis di RSKGMP FKG UI dari radiograf. Metode: Pengukuran rasio akar-mahkota dengan menggunakan metode Lind (1972) dan modifikasi metode Lind pada 69 sampel radiograf periapikal digital yang diambil dari rekam medik pasien periodontitis kronis pada gigi 36 dan/atau 46 usia 40-59 tahun di RSKGMP FKG UI. Hasil: Pada gigi molar pertama mandibula, nilai rata-rata rasio akar-mahkota anatomis sebesar 1,99 ± 0,26, nilai rata-rata rasio akar-mahkota radiografis sebesar 1,32 ± 0,18, dan nilai rata-rata rasio akar-mahkota kasus periodontitis kronis sebesar 0,78 ± 0,29. Berdasarkan tingkat keparahan, nilai rata-rata penurunan tulang pada tingkat keparahan moderate sebesar 2,66 ± 1,43 dan menghasilkan nilai rata-rata rasio akar-mahkota sebesar  0,82 ± 0,24, sedangkan nilai rata-rata penurunan tulang pada tingkat keparahan severe sebesar 8,25 ± 1,41 dan menghasilkan nilai rata-rata rasio akar-mahkota sebesar 0,20 ±0,13. Kesimpulan: Nilai rata-rata rasio akar mahkota anatomis gigi molar pertama mandibula lebih besar dari rasio akar-mahkota radiografis. Dari penelitian ini terlihat kecenderungan bahwa semakin besar tingkat keparahan periodontitis kronis maka semakin kecil nilai rata-rata rasio akar-mahkota radiografis gigi.

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ABSTRACTBackground: The most common type of periodontitis is chronic periodontitis. Chronic periodontitis is painless, consequently the disease may not be diagnosed until the severity is moderate or severe.  In radiograph examination of chronic periodontitis, a decreased alveolar bone height will be seen. Decreasing alveolar bone height due to the extensive destruction process will cause changes in the root-crown ratio. The value of root-crown ratio can affect the treatment planning and prognosis of the tooth. Objective: To obtain the average value of root-crown ratio on mandibular first molar in 40-59 years old patient with chronic periodontitis at RSKGMP FKG UI radiographically. Method: Measurement of root-crown ratio using Lind Method (1972) and modification of Lind Method in 69 digital periapical radiograph samples obtained from medical records of patient with chronic periodontitis on mandibular first molar aged 40-59 years old at RSKGMP FKG UI. Result: On mandibular first molar, the average value of anatomic root-crown ratio was 1,99 ± 0,26, the average value of radiographic root-crown ratio was 1,32 ± 0,18 and the average value of root-crown ratio was 0,78 ± 0,29. Based on the severity, the average value of decreased alveolar bone height at moderate severity was  2,66 ± 1,43 and  the average value of root-crown ratio was 0,82 ± 0,24, whereas the average value of root-crown ratio at severe severity was 8,25 ± 1,41 dan the average value of root-crown ratio was 0,20 ±0,13. Conclusion: The average value of anatomic root-crown ratio is greater than radiographic root-crown ratio. From this study, there is a tendency that the greater severity of chronic periodontitis, the smaller average value of radiographic root-crown ratio."

"Dinamika periostin, protein matriks ekstraseluler jaringan ikat yang berperan sebagai regulator homeostasis struktural dan fungsional, ditemukan dalam cairan krevikuler gingiva (CKG) saat kondisi inflamasi maupun sehat. Pada kasus borderline, pemeriksaan secara biomolekuler dapat membantu meminimalisasi keparahan penyakit, risiko dan kerugian pasien dalam perawatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan perbedaan tingkat periostin sebelum dan sesudah terapi skeling dan penghalusan akar gigi (SPA) pada pasien periodontitis stage II grade A, serta hubungan antara tingkat periostin dengan kedalaman poket periodontal - PPD dan perdarahan saat probing - BOP. Sampel CKG dari enam subjek sehat [BOP (-)] dan 25 pasien periodontitis stage II grade A [PPD 4 - 5 mm, BOP (+)] usia 26 - 55 tahun di RSKGM FKG UI, Jakarta, diambil saat baseline (D0), dan dilanjutkan untuk kelompok periodontitis saat satu minggu (D1), dua minggu (D2), dan empat minggu (D3) pascaterapi SPA menggunakan paper point. Dilakukan juga pengukuran PPD dan BOP saat D0 dan D3. Tingkat periostin diamati menggunakan metode RT-PCR kuantitatif dalam 45 siklus. Nilai p<0,05 dinyatakan signifikan. Saat inflamasi, tingkat periostin ditemukan menurun, namun setelah terapi SPA, periostin meningkat dalam satu minggu (p<0,05), dua minggu (p<0,05), hingga empat minggu (p<0,05), sejalan dengan temuan klinis perbaikan PPD dan BOP. Perubahan tingkat periostin mengkonfirmasi penyembuhan jaringan pascaterapi SPA pada kasus periodontitis stage II grade A.

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The dynamics of periostin, a connective tissue extracellular matrix protein that acts as a regulator of structural and functional homeostasis, is detected in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) during both inflammatory and healthy conditions. In borderline cases, biomolecular examinations can help minimize the severity of the disease, the risk, and the loss of patients in treatment. The aim of this study was to obtain differences in the levels of periostin before and after treatment of scaling and root planing (SRP) in patients with stage II grade A periodontitis, as well as its relationship with the depth of the periodontal pocket - PPD and bleeding on probing - BOP. Samples from GCF of six healthy subjects [BOP (-)] and 25 stage II grade A periodontitis patients [PPD 4-5 mm, BOP (+)] aged 26 - 55 years at RSKGM FKG UI, Jakarta, were taken at baseline (D0), and continued for the periodontitis group at one week (D1), two weeks (D2), and four weeks (D3) after SRP treatment by using paper points. PPD and BOP measurements were also taken at D0 and D3. Periostin levels were observed using qRT-PCR methods in 45 cycles. A value of p <0.05 was stated as significant. During inflammation, the level of periostin was found to decrease, but after SRP therapy, periostin increased in one week (p <0.05), two weeks (p <0.05), up to four weeks (p <0.05), in line with the clinical finding improvement of PPD and BOP. Periostin level changes confirmed healing of periodontal tissue after SRP therapy in stage II grade A periodontitis cases."