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"Pada tahun 2016, hasil penelitian The Tobacco Atlas melaporkan bahwa 66 pria di Indonesia adalah perokok. Penelitian epidemiologi telah melaporkan bahwa merokok tembakau berhubungan dengan nyeri pada gangguan muskuloskeletal. Beberapa penelitian telah melaporkan bahwa merokok tembakau berhubungan dengan temporomandibular disorders TMD , yang memiliki gejala diantaranya nyeri musculoskeletal, clicking, dan keterbatasan buka mulut. Namun, penelitian seperti ini belum pernah diteliti di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan kebiasaan merokok tembakau dan derajat keparahan nyeri pada pasien TMD. Sejumlah 54 subjek diperiksa dan dibagi menjadi dua kelompok: merokok tembakau dan tidak merokok; kemudian, perokok dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok menjadi: perokok ringan, perokok sedang, dan perokok berat. Diagnosis ditegakkan berdasarkan Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibula Disorders DC/TMD aksis I dan derajat keparahan nyeri TMD diukur melalui Visual analog scale VAS . Data dianalisis menggunakan Kruskal Wallis dan Post Hoc Mann-Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat perbedaan bermakna dari derajat keparahan nyeri TMD yaitu pada kelompok perokok dibandingkan kelompok tidak merokok, dan terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara derajat keparahan nyeri TMD dan jumlah rokok yang dikonsumsi. Kebiasaan merokok tembakau merupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi derajat keparahan nyeri TMD, sehingga kontrol terhadap kebiasaan merokok tembakau harus dipertimbangkan dalam merawat TMD pada pasien perokok.

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In 2016, The Tobacco Atlas reported that 66 of males in Indonesia were cigarettes smoker. Epidemiologic studies have suggested that smoking might be associated with musculoskeletal pain. Some studies have reported that there was a relationship between cigarettes smoking and Temporomandibular Disorders TMD , since the sysmptom could be musculoskeletal pain, clicking, and limitation on opening. But this kind of study have not yet been done in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of cigarette smoking on pain severity in TMD patients. Study was done on 54 TMD patients. They were first divided into two groups smokers and non smokers. Then, smokers were further divided into three subgroups light, moderate, and heavy smokers. The subjects were diagnosed according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibula Disorders DC TMD Axis I and the TMD pain was derived from Visual Analog Scale VAS . All the collected data were analysed using Kruskal Wallis and Post Hoc Mann Whitney. It has been shown that the TMD pain severity was significant higher in smokers compared to non smokers, and a significant relationship was found between pain severity and the number of cigarettes smoked in a day by each subject. Smoking seems to be a relevant factor affecting the TMD pain severity, thus, control of smoking habits should be considered when treating TMD patients. "

"Prevalensi perokok remaja terus meningkat bahkan di usia yang semakin muda. Aktif Mandiri edukasi interaktif, latihan asertif, dan manajemen diri sebagai salah satu tindakan keperawatan yang diharapkan dapat merubah perilaku dan persepsi remaja tentang perilaku merokok. Karya ilmiah akhir ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran pengaruh intervensi keperawatan Aktif Mandiri untuk mengatasi masalah perilaku merokok pada remaja. Pelaksanaan intervensi ini dilakukan di komunitas khususnya setting sekolah yang mengelola 106 remaja perokok di SMP dan keluarga dengan sepuluh keluarga kelolaan di Kelurahan Curug selama satu tahun. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan ada peningkatan rerata pengetahuan P=0.001, sikap P=0.007, dan perilaku P=0.001 sedangkan pada persepsi tidak terjadi peningkatan rerata P=0.056 dan peningkatan kemandirian keluarga. Intervensi Aktif Mandiri ini dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap dan perubahan perilaku secara signifikan tentang perilaku merokok. Disarankan agar intervensi Aktif Mandiri diterapkan di sekolah yang terintegrasi dengan program kesehatan remaja.

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Adolescent smoker prevalence continues to increase in younger ages. Aktif Mandiri intervention interactive education, assertive training, and self-management is a nursing action as a strategy to prevent and handle smoking behavior by changing the perception and behavior of adolescents. The aim of this paper were to identify the influence of Aktif Mandiri on adolescents behavior and perception about smoking, conducted in school and family settings. Implementiation of this intervention was conducted in the community especially in school settings with 106 adolescent smokers in junior high schools and ten families at Curug. The result showed that there was significant increase of knowledge P = 0.001, attitude P = 0.007, and behavior P = 0.001, while there was no change in perception aspect P = 0.056 and increase of family independence. This Aktif Mandiri intervention can significantly increasing knowledge, attitude and behavior about smoking behavior. Aktif Mandiri education is recommended to implemented in school and integrated with adolescent health program. "

"Penyakit paru obstruksif kronik PPOK merupakan penyakit paru dengan karakteristik hambatan aliran udara yang progresif, karena peningkatan reaksi peradangan kronik berlebihan pada saluran napas dan parenkim paru. Stres oksidatif terutama akibat pajanan rokok dalam jangka waktu lama berperan sentral pada patogenesis PPOK. Beta karoten suatu karotenoid punya peran pada stres oksidatif dengan kemampuan mereduksi paling tinggi dan lebih efisien mengikat radikal yang berasal dari dalam dinding liposom pada kompartemen lipofilik dinding sel. Di Indonesia bahan makanan sumber β-karoten mudah didapat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mencari hubungan antara kadar β-karoten dan MDA serum pada penderita PPOK. Penelitian pontong lintang ini mengikutsertakan 47 penderita PPOK melalui metode consecutive sampling. Data sosio-demografi, riwayat merokok, asupan β-karoten secara FFQ semikuantitatif diperoleh dengan wawancara. Data skor CAT, kekerapan kekambuhan dan uji fungsi paru terbaru didapatkan dari rekam medik. Dilakukan pengukuran IMT, kadar MDA serum dengan spektrofotometri dan β-karoten serum dengan HPLC. Subjek paling banyak berusia 60-74 tahun, bekas perokok, dengan IMT normal. Asupan dan kadar ?-karoten serum rendah pada sebagian besar 63,8 subjek. Kadar MDA serum cenderung lebih tinggi daripada orang sehat, menandakan adanya penngkatan stres oksidatif pada penderita PPOK. Tidak didapatkan adanya korelasi antara kadar β-karoten dan MDA serum.

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD is a lung disease, characterized by progressive air flow resistance, which increase chronic inflammatory reactions of the airways and lung parenchyma. A history of exposure to risk factors, especially smoking, for long term contribute to the central role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of COPD. Beta carotene as one of the antioxidants may play a role in oxidative stress among COPD patients, carotene's food source is abandon in Indonesia. This cross sectional study aimed to investigate relationship between levels of serum carotene and MDA in COPD patients. Consecutive sampling was applied to recruit 47 COPD subjects, who mainly subjects elderly with history of heavy smoking. Socio demographic data, smoking history, intake of carotene by semiquantitative FFQ was obtained by interview. CAT score, frequency of exacerbations and lung function tests were obtained from medical records. Nutritional status by BMI, concentration of carotene by HPLC and MDA serum by spectrophotometry were assessed. More than 50 subjects'carotene intake and serum level were lower than reference. Serum MDA level was higher than healthy person's, indicating an increase oxidative stress among COPD patients. There was no correlation between serum carotene and MDA levels. "