Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Abstrak :
Mooi Indië paintings represented the orientalist-colonial imagination of the picturesque Netherlands East Indies, with the obfuscation of the social realities on the ground and the silencing of the adverse effects of colonial capitalism. This article discusses the colonial legacy of Mooi Indië paintings on contemporary environmental policy in Indonesia, with a case study of the policy of the Citarum Harum Taskforce. This Taskforce was formed in 2018 and marked the national government’s attempt to rehabilitate the Citarum after it was declared one of the most polluted rivers in the world. It provides an analysis of several Mooi Indië paintings which depict the Citarum River and were created by European painters (such as Antoine Payen and Isaäc Groneman), before looking at the contemporary effects of the Citarum Harum’s beautification-oriented policy. The article also analyses some particular stereotypes of Netherlands East Indies natives as depicted in Mooi Indië paintings for comparison with the Taskforce’s policy implementation on the residents along the Citarum River. Ultimately, such a comparison demonstrates a form of colonial captivity at work today. The ideas of the Citarum Harum Taskforce demonstrate a captive mind, which continues to hide the socio-environmental problems which persist. This to the exploitation of the environment and people in the wake of the contemporary neoliberal system which dominates our worldview.

Abstrak :
Wilayah Sungai Citarum yang menjadi perhatian utama karena permasalahan pencemarannya, dengan nilai Indeks Kualitas Air (IKA) pada tahun 2018 termasuk dalam kategori tercemar berat. Dari permasalahan ini, disusunlah sebuah rencana aksi untuk mengendalikan pencemaran dan kerusakan yang terjadi di DAS Citarum yang dikenal dengan nama Renaksi Citarum Harum. Renaksi Citarum Harum ini memiliki 12 program dimana tersusun atas program pencegahan, penanggulangan, dan pemulihan yang ditargetkan akan memperbaiki kualitas DAS Citarum dalam 7-15 tahun ke depan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi beberapa program dalam Renaksi Citarum Harum yang berkaitan dengan pengelolaan limbah cair domestik, limbah cair industri, dan penanganan lahan kritis dengan batasan parameter TSS, Total N, dan Total P di daerah hulu DAS Citarum tepatnya pada segmen Cirawa-Cisangkuy. Penelitian dijalankan menggunakan permodelan aplikasi QUAL2Kw dengan 3 skenario permodelan dimana bertujuan untuk mencapai target memenuhi baku mutu sungai kelas II. Pada kondisi eksisting, permodelan yang dijalankan menunjukkan parameter TSS dan TP yang melewati baku mutu, sedangkan TN tetap di bawah baku mutu sepanjang aliran. Dari hasil permodelan skenario evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa untuk program pengelolaan limbah domestik mampu menurunkan beban pencemaran domestik TSS, TN, dan TP berturut-turut sebanyak 749.069,2 kg/tahun; 206.204,4 kg/tahun; dan 48.479,08 kg/tahun, dan untuk penanganan lahan kritis mampu menurunkan beban pencemaran akibat penggunaan lahan untuk TSS, TN, dan TP berturut-turut sebanyak 17.729 kg/tahun; 3.225,26 kg/tahun; dan 1.075,09 kg/tahun. Namun dengan penurunan beban sebanyak itu masih belum mampu mencapai target baku mutu sampai tahun 2025. Maka dari itu, dijalankan skenario lain yang mampu mencapai target baku mutu, yaitu dengan peningkatan pelayanan limbah domestik sampai 95% serta penurunan beban pencemaran dari anak sungai sampai 80%. Rekomendasi yang dapat diberikan untuk mencapai skenario tersebut adalah dengan meningkatkan pelayanan IPAL Sanimas untuk seluruh wilayah, pengetatan baku mutu limbah industri, peningkatan pembuatan unit gully plug, dan intervensi di anak sungai menggunakan kanal pengolahan (treatment canal). ......Citarum watershed is known widely because of its pollution problems, with the Water Quality Index (IKA) value in 2018 concluded that the Citarum watershed is indeed in the heavily polluted category. Because of this issue, an action plan was developed to control pollution and damage that occured in the Citarum watershed, known as the Citarum Harum Action Plan. The Citarum Harum Action Plan has 12 programs which are consist of prevention, response and recovery programs that are targeted to improve the quality of the Citarum watershed in the next 7-15 years. This research aims to evaluate several programs in the Citarum Harum Action Plan related to the management of domestic wastewater, industrial wastewater and the handling of critical land with parameters to evaluate for are TSS, Total N and Total P in the focus of upstream area of the Citarum watershed, precisely in the Cirawa-Cisangkuy segment. The research was carried out using the water quality modelling application QUAL2Kw with three modeling scenarios which aimed to achieve the target of meeting water quality standards-class II. In the existing condition, the running model shows that TSS and TP exceed the quality standard, while TN remains below the quality standard along the flow. From the result of the evaluation scenario modeling, it shows that the domestic wastewater management program is able to reduce the domestic pollution load of TSS, TN and TP respectively as much as 749.069,2 kg/year; 206.204,4 kg/year; and 48.479,08 kg/year, and for handling critical land programs is able to reduce the pollution load due to land-use in TSS, TN and TP as much as 17.729 kg/year; 3.225,26 kg/year; and 1.075,09 kg/year, respectively. However, with that much decrease in the load, the result shows that it has not been able to achieve the target of the water quality standard-class II by 2025. Therefore, another scenario is carried out until the target is achieved, and the results are addition in programs such as increasing domestic wastewater services until 95% of the population are served and reducing pollution loads from river branches until 80%. Recommendations that can be given to achieve this scenario are by increasing the WWTP Sanimas service for the entire region, tightening industrial wastewater quality standards, increasing the contruction of gully plug units, and intervention in river branches using treatment canals.