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Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) is one of walking catfish species from Africa. Dumbo was introduced to Indonesia in 1986. Sangkuriang (Clarias gariepinus var. Sangkuriang) is one of dumbo variant that was launched by Balai Budidaya Air Tawar Sukabumi. The study about feeding behavior of sangkuriang is using juvenile of clarias (Clarias gariepinus), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), tambaqui (Collossoma macropomum) and tilapia (Tilapia mossambica) as preys. Feeding behavior and prey preference of sangkuriang were compared with dumbo (control). Parameters were observed in this study included: aggressivity, time needed to recognize the prey, velocity to attack the prey, and number of preys eating by two variant of catfish. The study was conducted in aquarium (artificial environment). Number of preys have been eaten by dumbo and sangkuriang were recorded every 2 (two) hours along one day (24 hours). Data of each parameter of dumbo and sangkuriang was compared. Data analysis was using mean difference comparison with t-test for independence variance and one way ANOVA used SPSS program release 12.0. In the feeding preference test, both of sangkuriang and dumbo were prefer to attack juvenile of common carp and juveniles of clarias was second preference. But in the feeding test, both of sangkuriang and dumbo preferred to eat juvenile of clarias itself more than three other species. Feeding preference of two variant of catfish were influenced by their prey behavior. Juveniles of clarias were the weakest preys. When juveniles of clarias needed oxygen, they would swim vertically to water surface. Its time, both sangkuriang and dumbo attacked juveniles of clarias on the weakest condition. The time of sangkuriang ate maximum number of preys is between 02.00 ? 04.00 a.m. This result is match with many other research and studies that say catfish is nocturnal fish. Dumbo ate preys maximum between 12.00 ? 14.00. There are many previous studies describe that on the special case, catfish can be active on daytime. Dumbo was more aggressive than sangkuriang. Time attacked its preys by dumbo was faster than sangkuriang?s.. Dumbo was also more cannibal than sangkuriang. Sangkuriang ate preys more than dumbo. Both of dumbo and sangkuriang can be serious threat if they enter into natural environment, because they will attack endemic fishes.

Abstrak :
Penelitian karakterisasi morfometrik dan molekuler penting dilakukan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman spesies Gyrodactylus sp. yang menginfeksi ikan lele (Clarias gariepinus). Hasil penelitian dapat digunakan untuk pengembangan metode deteksi serta pengendalian penyakit parasitik pada ikan air tawar lainnya. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakter morfometrik dan molekuler parasit cacing Gyrodactylus sp. yang ditemukan pada ikan lele (Clarias gariepinus). Identifikasi Gyrodactylus dilakukan dengan analisis median hook dan daerah internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 and 2 pada DNA ribosom. Tahapan penelitian meliputi koleksi parasit, pengamatan secara mikroskopis, pengukuran karakter morfometrik, ekstraksi DNA, amplifikasi, visualisasi hasil PCR, sekuensing dan analisis data. Hasil analisis karakter morfometrik diperoleh data panjang tubuh sebesar 850,00 ± 246,22 (500?1150) μm, lebar tubuh 116,36 ± 19,30 (80?155) μm, panjang faring 52,50 ± 3,54 (50?55) μm, lebar faring 48,75 ± 1,77 (47,5?50) μm, panjang opisthaptor 56,98 ± 8,24 (44-75) μm, lebar opisthaptor 115,12 ± 18,17 (90-150) μm, panjang total jangkar 96,37 ± 7,10 (75-110) μm, panjang ruas jangkar 50,29 ± 5,72 (40?62,5) μm, panjang poros jangkar 55,15 ± 6,69 (37-70) μm, panjang akar jangkar 43,80 ± 6,16 (32-55) μm, jarak celah jangkar 31,15 ± 6,91 (24-50) μm, panjang total kait tepi 30,00 ± 3,10 (26-35) μm, panjang lengkung kait tepi 5,13 ± 1,53 (3,2-7,5) μm dan panjang poros kait tepi 24,87 ± 2,23 (22,80-29) μm. Analisis PCR sampel DNA Gyrodactylussp. berhasil dilakukan berdasarkan munculnya pita DNA (band) pada kisaran ukuran 1.009 bp-1.014 bp. Hasil analisis filogenetik menunjukkan Gyrodactylus sp. memiliki kekerabatan terdekat dengan spesies Gyrodactylus rysavyi dengan homologi mencapai 99%. Berdasarkan karakterisasi morfometrik dan molekuler dapat disimpulkan bahwa Gyrodactylus sp. hasil penelitian merupakan spesies Gyrodactylus rysavyi. ......Research on morphometric and molecular characterization important to determine the diversity of Gyrodactylus sp. infected on African catfish. The results of this research can be used to develop detection methods of other fish parasites diseases. The present study aimed to identify morphometric and molecular characteristic of the Gyrodactylus sp. parasite on African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Gyrodactylus was identified using median hook morphology and by sequencing the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 and 2. Methods of this study included of sampling, microscopic examination, morphometric measurement and analysis, DNA extraction, PCR amplification, visualization, sequensing, and data analyses. The morphometric analysis of Gyrodactylus specimens reported as body length 850,00 ± 246,22 (500?1150) μm, body width 116,36 ± 19,30 (80-155) μm, pharynx length 52,50 ± 3,54 (50-55) μm, pharynx width 48,75 ± 1,77 (47,5-50) μm, opisthaptor length 56,98 ± 8,24 (44-75) μm, opisthaptor width 115,12 ± 18,17 (90-150) μm, hamulus total length 96,37 ± 7,10 (75-110) μm, hamulus point length 50,29 ± 5,72 (40-62,5) μm, hamulus shaft length 55,15 ± 6,69 (37?70) μm, hamulus root length 43,80 ± 6,16 (32-55) μm, hamulus aperture distance 31,15 ± 6,91 (24-50) μm, marginal hook total length 30,00 ± 3,10 (26-35) μm, marginal hook sickle length 5,13 ± 1,53 (3,2-7,5) μm and marginal hook shaft length 24,87 ± 2,23 (22,80-29) μm. PCR analysis showed an expected band of 1.009 bp-1.014 nucleotides in length on Gyrodactylus sp. DNA sample. Phylogenetic analysis showed Gyrodactylus sp.was closely related to Gyrodactylus rysavyi species with 99% similarity. Based on morphometric and molecular characterization, Gyrodactylus sp. specimens were described as Gyrodactylus rysavyi.