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"ABSTRAKThe study was concerned with the effects of the organic loading as food/microbe (F/M) and nitrogen concentration as BOD5: TN on the sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system efficiency and performance with 1:5 diluted-electroplating wastewater (EPWW) solutions. The results showed that chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD5) removal efficiencies were almost the same with the organic loadings of 0.125-0.375 kg BOD5/m3.d. The CN- and Zn2+ loadings of 1.2-2.9 and 1.6-4.0 g/m3.d did not show strong repression effects to the COD and BOD5 removal efficiencies. In addition, the high Zn2+ removal efficiency level of 94-96% was detected. Moreover, the system did not show any difference in Zn2+ and COD removal efficiencies at the BOD5: TN ratios of 100:5-100:10. Urea and (NH4)2SO4 could be used as the nitrogen source of 1:5 diluted-electroplating wastewater solution. The highest COD, BOD5, Zn2+, CN-, Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiencies of 98.0±0.2, 97.0±0.7, 97.7±0.1, 93.3±1.2, 86.5±1.1 and 80.9±0.5%, respectively, were detected at the BOD5:TN ratio of 100:10 and (NH4)2SO4 was used as the nitrogen source. The system also showed good bio-sludge performance with the Sludge Volume Index (SVI) and Sludge Retention Time (SRT) values of 51±4 mL/g and 29±3 days, respectively."

"Micro alloying in High Strength Low Alloy (HSM) steel is very important role to improve the qualityof those steel formation of precipitation of carbonitride such as Nb(CN) in those niobium containingsteel has a significant influenced on strength. Mechanism of strength improvement due to the existing ofmicro alloy the precipitated in hot finishing deformation not fully studied The previous investigated userelationship between deformation and density of dislocation. HSLA steel containing 0.037% Nb was usedin this research and deformation was performed using compressive plane stress, the relationship between5 % fraction precipitate, t@__¢, and maximum stress achieved at a temperature of 9009 C under strain rare ofI sec'l were evaluated. Analysis data results shows that the relationship between 5% fraction and densityof dislocation can be described as, tg,? .,p"'5."

"Pengotoran membran telah menjadi tantangan utama dalam penerapan praktis teknologi membran untuk pengolahan dan pemurnian air limbah. Dalam penelitian ini, membran oksida grafena (GO) terinterkalasi g-C3N4@TiO2-nanowire (GO/CN@TNW) yang dapat didaur ulang berhasil dibuat melalui interaksi elektrostatik dan proses bantuan filtrasi vakum. Membran yang dipreparasi memiliki aktivitas respon cahaya yang lebih tinggi daripada TNW murni, yang disebabkan oleh pengenalan GO dengan penyerapan dan mobilitas pembawa yang tinggi, dan efek sinergis dari TNW dan CN. Selain itu, interaksi penumpukan π - π antara GO dan molekul pencemar organik berkontribusi pada efisiensi adsorpsi yang sangat baik dari membran GO/CN@TNWs (91,25%) terhadap tetrasiklin hidroklorida (TCH). Kemampuan degradasi fotokatalitik membran juga didapatkan baik, dengan efisiensi fotodegradasi dari membran GO/CN@TNW terhadap tetrasiklin hidroklorida sebesar 86,825%. Oleh karena itu disimpulkan bahwa membran GO/CN@TNWs dapat digunakan untuk menghilangkan TCH dari air limbah. Kinerja fotokatalitik komposit membran tersebut dapat diaktifkan oleh cahaya matahari, memberikan potensi membran adsorpsi berbasis GO/CN@TNW dengan kemampuan daur ulang untuk realisasi pemurnian air limbah skala besar.

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Membrane fouling has been a significant challenge in applying membrane technology for wastewater treatment and purification. This study successfully prepared a recyclable g-C3N4@TiO2-nanowire (GO/CN@TNW) intercalated graphene oxide (GO) membrane through electrostatic interaction and vacuum filtration-assisted processes. The prepared membranes had higher light response activity than pure TNW due to the introduction of GO with high absorption and carrier mobility and the synergistic effect of TNW and CN. In addition, the π - π stacking interactions between GO and organic pollutant molecules contributed to the excellent adsorption efficiency of GO/CN@TNWs (91.25%) membranes against tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH). The ability of photocatalytic degradation of the membrane was also found to be good, with a photodegradation efficiency of the GO/CN@TNW membrane against tetracycline hydrochloride of 86.825%. Therefore it was concluded that GO/CN@TNWs membranes could be used to remove TCH from wastewater. The photocatalytic performance of these composite membranes can be activated by sunlight, giving potential GO/CN@TNW-based adsorption membranes with recyclability to realize large-scale wastewater purification."

"Hujan ekstrem melanda Kota Jakarta Timur pada tanggan 19 Februari 2021 dan menyebabkan banjir di sejumlah kelurahan. Penelitian dilakukan di bagian tengah Kali Sunter, Jakarta Timur yang mengalir melalui tiga kelurahan yaitu Cipinang Melayu, Cipinang Muara, dan Pondok Bambu. Tujuan penelitian adalah memodelkan sebaran wilayah bahaya banjir dan menganalisis karakteristik wilayah terdampak banjir berdasarkan penggunaan lahan serta topografi. Pembuatan peta genangan dan bahaya banjir dilakukan dengan: perhitungan debit banjir dengan metode SCS-CN, pemodelan genangan banjir dengan HEC-RAS, serta analisis karakteristik wilayah genangan banjir. Kombinasi tersebut efektif untuk memodelkan genangan saat kejadian curah hujan yang ekstrem. Berdasarkan penelitian, sebaran wilayah bahaya banjir yang tertinggi adalah yang berada di RW 004 Kelurahan Cipinang Melayu. Cipinang Melayu pun merupakan kelurahan dengan genangan terluas dengan hunian ukuran kecil dan sedang sebagai jenis penggunaan lahan paling terdampak. Karakteristik wilayah terdampak yaitu terdapat lahan hijau dan kosong yang mengurangi potensi air menggenangi bangunan atau penggunaan lahan lainnya. Bangunan yang berada di perumahan dengan tingkat bahaya rendah cenderung lebih teratur dan relatif berukuran sedang hingga besar. Sedangkan jenis hunian yang ada di Kelurahan Cipinang Melayu dengan tingkat bahaya tinggi cenderung rapat dan berukuran kecil hingga sedang, namun mayoritas memiliki dua lantai sebagai bentuk adaptasi banjir.

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Extreme rainfall in East Jakarta on February 19, 2021 caused flooding in a number of subdistricts. The research was conducted in the central part of Kali Sunter, which flows through three subdistricts, namely Cipinang Melayu, Cipinang Muara, and Pondok Bambu. The purpose of the study was to do flood hazard modeling and analyze the characteristics of flood-affected areas based on land use and topography. Inundation and flood hazard maps is done by: calculating the flood discharge using the SCS-CN method, flood inundation modelling using HEC-RAS, and analyzing the characteristics of the inundated area. This combination is effective for rapid modeling during extreme rainfall events. Based on the research, the distribution of the highest flood hazard area is in RW 004 Cipinang Melayu, with the widest inundation affecting small and medium-sized houses. The characteristics of the affected area are that there is green and empty land which reduces the potential for water to inundate buildings or other land uses. Buildings located in low-hazard housing areas tend to be more organized and relatively medium to large in size. While the types of housing in the Cipinang Melayu with a high level of danger tend to be dense and small to medium in size, but the majority have two floors as a form of flood adaptation. "

"ABSTRAKUntuk menunjang fitur baru dalam jaringan telekomunikasi seperti Trimitra dan Indosat Fax Plus dibutuhkan kemampuan sentral untuk menghubungkan beberapa sentral sekaligus dalam sebuah sambungan telepon pada saat yang bersamaan (multidestination).Algoritma Shortest Shortest Part Tree (SSP-T), Common Link (CL), dan Center Node (CN) merupakan tiga algoritma yang dapat diterapkan untuk mengatasi permasalahan multidestination statik. Ketiga algoritma ini mempunyai karakteristik yang berbeda-beda (dalam hal biaya dan waktu) apabila diterapkan pada suatu jaringan telekomunikasi.Skripsi ini merupakan suatu simulasi dalam menentukan keputusan routing pada permasalahan multidestination statik dengan menggunakan algoritma SSP-T, CL, dan CN. Dari hasil simulasi terlihat bahwa algoritma SSP-T selalu mempunyai waktu operasi yang tercepat, sementara algoritma CN selalu menghasilkan biaya sambungan yang lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan algoritma SSP-T.

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"Rainfall is the primary input into rainfall-runoff modeling. Previous work indicates that the accurate representation of rainfall in time and space is important due to its influence on the hydrological response. The objective of this study is to evaluate the relevance of theoretical indices of spatial rainfall variability and the theoretical criteria of the hydrological response proposed by Emmanuel et al. (2015) in a real case study. The distributed model CINECAR has been chosen to accommodate the spatial discretization of hydrological data. The production function of the model adopts the Soil Conservation Service-Curve Number method, while the transfer function is based on a kinematic wave model. The simulations used weather radar data and also their average over the watershed, with a data resolution of 1×1 km2. They were conducted on the basis of 13 watersheds in the Gard region and four events in 2008 for each watershed. The difference between the distributed and averaged hydrographs obtained from the CINECAR model were calculated using two criteria, namely the difference in peak discharge (LQ) and the difference in peak time (TQ). The values of LQ and TQ represent the influence of spatial rainfall variability on the hydrological response. The spatially distributed rainfall was analyzed based on the values of its maximum Horizontal and Vertical Gab (HG and VG) to watershed centroid acting as indices, as proposed by Emmanuel. The analysis of the influence of spatial rainfall variability on the watershed response was conducted by quantification of the averaged and distributed hydrographs using the proposed indices and criteria. The results show that value of LQ rises by more than 50% for some events, and that TQ shows different times to peak between the average and distributed hydrographs. The values of the HG and VG indices accurately describe the rainfall distribution in the watershed. Therefore, these criteria and indices are effective in quantifying the influence of spatial rainfall variability on the hydrological modeling in particular events which are affected by rainfall distribution."

"Latar BelakangParese nervus abdusen (CN VI) merupakan kondisi kelemahan saraf motorik yang menginervasi musculus rectus lateralis yang berperan dalam mengontrol gerakan abduksi bola mata. Kelainan ini memiliki beragam etiologi dan manifestasi klinis pada sistem penglihatan sedangkan pemberian tata laksana sangat bergantung pada ketepatan seorang klinisi dalam menentukan diagnosis pada pasien. Akibat adanya keterbatasan dalam penelitian sebelumnya, studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik klinis dan demografis pasien dengan parese CN VI terisolasi secara lebih objektif.Metode Desain penelitian ini adalah deskriptif cross sectional dengan menggunakan data retrospektif dari penelusuran rekam medis pada periode 1 Januari 2022 - 31 Desember 2023.Hasil Terdapat 83 subjek pasien dengan parese CN VI yang terinklusi dalam penelitian ini. Rerata usia pasien adalah 43,2 tahun dengan pola kelainan terbanyak bersifat unilateral pada 69,8% pasien. Sebanyak 43,4% pasien datang dengan keluhan utama penglihatan ganda. Karakteristik klinis terbanyak yang ditemukan adalah hambatan gerak bola mata (92,6%), diplopia (79,5%), dan defek lapang pandang (38,9%). Etiologi parese CN VI yang berhasil ditemukan dalam penelitian ini adalah vaskulopati (n=29, 34,9%), idiopatik (n=26, 31,3%), neoplasma (n=21, 25,3%), trauma (n=4, 4,8%), dan infeksi/inflamasi (n=3, 3,6%). Kesimpulan Rerata usia pasien dengan CN VI terisolasi adalah 43,2 tahun dengan lateralitas terbanyak bersifat unilateral. Karakteristik klinis terbanyak yang ditemukan adalah hambatan gerak bola mata, diplopia, dan defek lapang pandang, sedangkan penurunan tajam penglihatan, abnormalitas fundus, dan proptosis cukup jarang ditemui. Vaskulopati menjadi faktor etiologi parese CN VI yang tersering.

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Abducens nerve palsy is a condition involving weakness of the motor nerve that innervates the lateral rectus muscle, which has the function of controlling the abduction of eye movement. This disorder has a range of etiologies and clinical manifestations within the visual function, while the treatment provided really depends on the clinician's accuracy in diagnosing the patient. Due to limitations in previous research, this study aims to objectively identify the clinical features and demographic of patients with isolated abducens nerve palsy.

Method

The design of this study is descriptive cross-sectional, using retrospective data from medical records from the period of January 1, 2022, to December 31, 2023.

Results

A total of 83 patients were included in this study. The mean age of patients was 43.2 years, with the majority of cases were unilateral (69.8%). A main complaint of diplopia was reported by 43.4% of the patients. The most common clinical features found were restricted eye movement (92.6%), diplopia (79.5%), and visual field defects (38.9%). The identified etiologies of CN VI palsy in this study were vasculopathy (n=29, 34.9%), idiopathic (n=26, 31.3%), neoplasm (n=21, 25.3%), trauma (n=4, 4.8%), and infection/inflammation (n=3, 3.6%).

Conclusion

The mean age of patients with isolated CN VI palsy was 43.2 years, with the majority of cases were unilateral. The most common clinical features observed were restricted eye movement, diplopia, and visual field defects, while reduced visual acuity, fundus abnormalities, and proptosis were relatively rare. Vasculopathy was the most frequent etiological factor for CN VI palsy."

"Latar BelakangParese nervus abdusen (CN VI) merupakan kondisi kelemahan saraf motorik yang menginervasi musculus rectus lateralis yang berperan dalam mengontrol gerakan abduksi bola mata. Kelainan ini memiliki beragam etiologi dan manifestasi klinis pada sistem penglihatan sedangkan pemberian tata laksana sangat bergantung pada ketepatan seorang klinisi dalam menentukan diagnosis pada pasien. Akibat adanya keterbatasan dalam penelitian sebelumnya, studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik klinis dan demografis pasien dengan parese CN VI terisolasi secara lebih objektif.Metode Desain penelitian ini adalah deskriptif cross sectional dengan menggunakan data retrospektif dari penelusuran rekam medis pada periode 1 Januari 2022 - 31 Desember 2023.Hasil Terdapat 83 subjek pasien dengan parese CN VI yang terinklusi dalam penelitian ini. Rerata usia pasien adalah 43,2 tahun dengan pola kelainan terbanyak bersifat unilateral pada 69,8% pasien. Sebanyak 43,4% pasien datang dengan keluhan utama penglihatan ganda. Karakteristik klinis terbanyak yang ditemukan adalah hambatan gerak bola mata (92,6%), diplopia (79,5%), dan defek lapang pandang (38,9%). Etiologi parese CN VI yang berhasil ditemukan dalam penelitian ini adalah vaskulopati (n=29, 34,9%), idiopatik (n=26, 31,3%), neoplasma (n=21, 25,3%), trauma (n=4, 4,8%), dan infeksi/inflamasi (n=3, 3,6%). Kesimpulan Rerata usia pasien dengan CN VI terisolasi adalah 43,2 tahun dengan lateralitas terbanyak bersifat unilateral. Karakteristik klinis terbanyak yang ditemukan adalah hambatan gerak bola mata, diplopia, dan defek lapang pandang, sedangkan penurunan tajam penglihatan, abnormalitas fundus, dan proptosis cukup jarang ditemui. Vaskulopati menjadi faktor etiologi parese CN VI yang tersering.

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Abducens nerve palsy is a condition involving weakness of the motor nerve that innervates the lateral rectus muscle, which has the function of controlling the abduction of eye movement. This disorder has a range of etiologies and clinical manifestations within the visual function, while the treatment provided really depends on the clinician's accuracy in diagnosing the patient. Due to limitations in previous research, this study aims to objectively identify the clinical features and demographic of patients with isolated abducens nerve palsy.

Method

The design of this study is descriptive cross-sectional, using retrospective data from medical records from the period of January 1, 2022, to December 31, 2023.

Results

A total of 83 patients were included in this study. The mean age of patients was 43.2 years, with the majority of cases were unilateral (69.8%). A main complaint of diplopia was reported by 43.4% of the patients. The most common clinical features found were restricted eye movement (92.6%), diplopia (79.5%), and visual field defects (38.9%). The identified etiologies of CN VI palsy in this study were vasculopathy (n=29, 34.9%), idiopathic (n=26, 31.3%), neoplasm (n=21, 25.3%), trauma (n=4, 4.8%), and infection/inflammation (n=3, 3.6%).

Conclusion

The mean age of patients with isolated CN VI palsy was 43.2 years, with the majority of cases were unilateral. The most common clinical features observed were restricted eye movement, diplopia, and visual field defects, while reduced visual acuity, fundus abnormalities, and proptosis were relatively rare. Vasculopathy was the most frequent etiological factor for CN VI palsy."