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Abstrak :
The gas diffusion layer (GDL) is one of the critical components of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). It is generally made of a fossil-fuel-based carbon material. In this study, carbon composite paper (CCP) for GDL was prepared by using carbon material obtained from coconut coir. To obtain the CCP, 80 wt% carbon material from the coconut coir and 20 wt% polymer binder (ethylene vinyl acetate and polyethylene glycol) were mixed in xylene solvent at 100°C, cast on molded glass, and then rolled. The carbon material consists of a mixture of carbon fibers (length: 2 mm) and powders (size: 74 µm). Subsequently, the CCP was treated with polytetrafluoroethylene solution (10 wt%). The physical properties of the CCPs, such as through-plane electrical conductivity, porosity, density, and hydrophobic properties, were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy mapping were used to analyze the morphology and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) distribution in the CCP. The through-plane conductivity test showed that CCP with 70 wt% carbon fiber, 10 wt% carbon powder, and 20 wt% polymer was the optimum sample, and it showed the highest electrical conductivity of 2.22 S cm-1. The physical properties of PTFE-treated CCP, such as porosity, density, and contact angle, were almost similar to that of commercial carbon paper used as a GDL. Therefore, the CCP prepared from coconut coir can be applied as a GDL in a PEMFC.

Abstrak :
The gas diffusion layer (GDL) is one of the critical components of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). It is generally made of a fossil-fuel-based carbon material. In this study, carbon composite paper (CCP) for GDL was prepared by using carbon material obtained from coconut coir. To obtain the CCP, 80 wt% carbon material from the coconut coir and 20 wt% polymer binder (ethylene vinyl acetate and polyethylene glycol) were mixed in xylene solvent at 100°C, cast on molded glass, and then rolled. The carbon material consists of a mixture of carbon fibers (length: 2 mm) and powders (size: 74 µm). Subsequently, the CCP was treated with polytetrafluoroethylene solution (10 wt%). The physical properties of the CCPs, such as through-plane electrical conductivity, porosity, density, and hydrophobic properties, were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy mapping were used to analyze the morphology and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) distribution in the CCP. The through-plane conductivity test showed that CCP with 70 wt% carbon fiber, 10 wt% carbon powder, and 20 wt% polymer was the optimum sample, and it showed the highest electrical conductivity of 2.22 S cm-1. The physical properties of PTFE-treated CCP, such as porosity, density, and contact angle, were almost similar to that of commercial carbon paper used as a GDL. Therefore, the CCP prepared from coconut coir can be applied as a GDL in a PEMFC.

Abstrak :
Kebakaran dapat terjadi kapan saja dan di tempat yang tak terduga. Seringnya, kebakaran terjadi pada sebuah bangunan. Kebakaran gedung ini dapat berupa kebakaran pada perumahan, kebakaran pada perkantoran, dan kebakaran pada mall. Oleh karena itu, dalam perencanaan pembangunan suatu gedung diperlukan adanya perencanaan sarana keselamatan saat terjadi kebakaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui waktu yang dibutuhkan bagi asap untuk memenuhi ruangan dan waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk membersihkan asap dari ruangan dengan menggunakan ventilasi alamiah. Penelitian ini menggunakan sabut kelapa sebagai bahan bakar dan dengan variasi massa 40 gr, 60 gr, dan 80 gr. Pembuangan asap hanya akan menggunakan ventilasi natural dan tanpa exhaust fan atau alat bantu lainnya. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa massa bahan bakar yang digunakan akan mempengaruhi temperatur, laju produksi asap, dan waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk membuang asap dari bangunan. ......Fires can occur at any time and in the most unexpected places. Often, fires occur in a building. This building fire can be a housing fire, an office fire, and a mall fire. Therefore, in planning the construction of a building, it is necessary to plan safety facilities in the event of a fire. This study aims to determine the time needed for smoke to fill the room and the time needed to clear the smoke from the room using natural ventilation. This study used coconut coir as fuel and with mass variations of 40 gr, 60 gr and 80 gr. Smoke disposal will only use natural ventilation and without exhaust fans or other assistive devices. The takeaways from this experiment is the amount of fuel mass will affect temperature changes, smoke production rate, and the amount of time it takes to clear all the smokes from the building.