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Abstrak :
If there are two phrases we have come to know very well, they are 'environmental awareness' and 'credit crunch'. The world is looking for ways to decrease the emission of CO2 into the atmosphere, without incurring major costs in doing so. By increasing efficiencies up to about 90 per cent using well-established and mature technologies, cogeneration represents the best option for short-term reductions in CO2 emission levels. The ability to maximise revenue streams by taking advantage of price fluctuations in the cost of energy supply, and ensuring the ability to supply power regardless of what is happening on the grid, are powerful incentives to use cogeneration. The collapses of the grid networks in North America and Italy in 2003 were a stark reminder of what can happen if there is over-reliance on the grid network. Cogeneration makes sense economically, environmentally and operationally.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Proses yang terjadi dalam suatu siklus industri seringkali sangat tidak efisien dalam pemanfaatan kebutuhan energinya. Sebagian besar dari energi yang dipergunakan terbuang percuma ke alam bebas berupa panas. Penghematan penggunaan energi tersebut dapat dicapai melalui kogenerasi. namun kogenerasi tidaklah sederhana, diperlukan modal yang cukup besar untuk pembangunannya (capital intensive) serta harus dilakukan perhitungan tekno-ekonomi secara cermat. Oleh karena itu pada tesis ini akan dibandingkan antara pengoperasian kogenerasi di industri (untuk memenuhi kebutuhan listrik dalam proses produksi) dengan pembelian energi listrik langsung dari PT PLN (Persero).

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Using an optimum dynamic scheduling plan, the formulated problem aimed to maximise daily profitability from an existing 12. 5 MW bagasse-based cogeneration plant with a steam capacity of 125 tonne/ h used for sugar refining. The optimal bagasse feed rate yielded a maximum daily profit of 838.49 USD (base case), about 5.14% higher than the conservative constant feeding bagasse into the existing plant. A sensitivity analysis of daily profit was constructed by perturbating the fuel low heating value (LHV), electricity selling rate of electric utility (p) and cost of electricity generation (c) . The maximum daily profit was insensitive to increases in LHV until this LHV was 11% lower than its base case value, which resulted in a decrease in maximum daily profit by 11%. Excessive moisture in the bagasse and the cost of generating electricity (c) caused lower profits, whereas the price of electricity (p) increased profits.