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"ABSTRACTThe local head election in Indonesia suffers from vote buying. However, there is a lack of study compared to vote buying case in Indonesia, especially quantitative study. Therefore, this study aims to fill the gap. The purpose is to estimate the effect of individual and community characteristics on the probability of voter to consider money or gifts in a local head election. This study uses the data from Indonesia Family Life Survey 5 (IFLS5) conducted in 2014/2015 for 29,788 respondents. As the response is a binary data, the Linear Probability Model (LPM) and logit model is utilized. The result shows that both individual and community characteristics affect vote buying in Indonesia. Voters with tertiary education are far less likely to consider money or gift by 29.1% than others. By using logit test, the coefficient is corrected. Voters with a university degree tend to not engage in vote buying by 0.27 times than the others. This study finds other interesting findings that gender matter in vote buying in Indonesia. Female voters tend to consider money or gift more than male by 2.44%. Voters who live in rural areas have a higher probability to consider vote buying by 4.55%. Living in the internet-connected community may reduce the probability of vote buying. The coefficient indicates that those with internet access have less probability to consider money or gift in an election by 1.35%. Living in a community with high social awareness makes voters less vulnerable to vote buying. The coefficient indicates that they have less possibility to consider money by 2.44% than those living in communities with less social awareness. Thus, the strategy to eliminate vote buying should be adjusted to the character of voters in a certain community."

"RSUD Weda mengalami masalah rendahnya pemanfaatan tempat tidur atau Bed Occupancy Ratio (BOR) yang berdampak rendahnya cost recovery rate sebesar 48,2%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor - faktor yang memengaruhi rendahnya BOR di RSUD Weda. Penelitian non eksperimental dengan data kualitatif. Penelitian dilakukan di RSUD Weda, Kabupaten Halmahera Tengah. Waktu pelaksanaan pengumpulan data yaitu pada bulan Juni 2022. Data dikumpulkan secara wawancara mendalam, telaah dokumen, serta observasi. Faktor yang berperan terhadap rendahnya tingkat hunian di RSUD Weda yaitu faktor mutu pelayanan meliputi masalah diskontinuitas dokter spesialis, ketersediaan obat yang tidak sesuai kebutuhan, dan kebersihan rumah sakit yang kurang; faktor eksternal meliputi faktor kendala geografis, moda transportasi, dan jarak menuju RSUD Weda yang mempengaruhi tingginya biaya operasional, faktor karakteristik masyarakat meliputi rendahnya tingkat pendidikan dan pekerjaan. Masih banyak ditemukan masyarakat di Kabupaten Halmahera Tengah yang memiliki tingkat pendidikan terakhir dibawah SMA, dan hal ini menunjukkan kualitas pengetahuan, dan pemahaman terhadap pentingnya kesehatan juga rendah. Pekerjaan berkaitan dengan pendapatan. Pendapatan berhubungan dengan cara pembayaran biaya operasional rujukan, dan cara membiayai hidup mereka di tempat rujukan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa faktor rendahnya mutu pelayanan rumah sakit, karakteristik masyarakat, dan faktor eksternal dapat memengaruhi rendahnya tingkat hunian di RSUD Weda.

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RSUD Weda is experiencing the problem of low bed utilization or Bed Occupancy Ratio (BOR) which has an impact on the low cost recovery rate of 48.2%. This study aims to determine the factors that influence the low BOR in RSUD Weda. Non-experimental research with qualitative data. The research was conducted at Weda Hospital, Central Halmahera Regency. The implementation time of data collection is in June 2022. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, document review, and observation. Factors that contribute to the low occupancy ratio in Weda Hospital are service quality factors including discontinuity of specialist doctors, availability of drugs that are not as needed, and poor hospital hygiene; external factors include geographical constraints, modes of transportation, and distance to RSUD Weda which affect the high operational costs, community characteristics include low levels of education and employment. There are still many people in Central Halmahera Regency who have the latest education level below high school, and this shows that the quality of knowledge and understanding of the importance of health is also low. Work is related to income. Income relates to how the referral's operational costs are paid, and how to make a living at the referral site. It can be concluded that the factors of low quality of hospital services, community characteristics, and external factors can affect the low occupancy ratio in RSUD Weda.

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