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"Background. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has diverse clinical manifestations, including renal and non-renal. Renal manifestation is related to significant morbidity and mortality. SLE is also characterized by serological aberrations, including levels of complement C3, C4 and anti-dsDNA, but the association of them with clinical manifestations including renal and non-renal is unclear. This study investigated the associations of C3, C4 and anti-dsDNA levels with renal and non-renal manifestations in SLE patients.Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Polyclinic of Rheumatology, Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang. A number of 43 subjects fulfilled the 1997 American College of Rheumatology criteria participated in this study, that consisted of 11 patients with renal manifestation and 32 patients with non-renal manifestations. Serum C3 and C4 levels were measured using immunoturbidimetry, and serum anti-dsDNA levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The independent T-test was used to compare C3 levels and the Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare C4 and anti-dsDNA levels between groups.Result. SLE with renal manifestation had significant lower levels of serum C3 compare to non-renal manifestations (mean ± SD: 71.27 ± 32.65 mg/dL and 94.47 ± 26.29 mg/dL respectively, p=0.022). SLE with renal manifestation also had significantly lower levels of serum C4 compare to non-renal manifestations (mean ± SD: 14.55 ± 8.20 mg/dL and 25.50 ± 11.05 mg/dL respectively, p=0.002). Conversely, SLE with renal manifestation had significantly higher levels of serum anti-dsDNA compare to non-renal manifestations (mean ± SD: 249.27 ± 240.34 IU/mL and 109.91 ± 166.11 IU/mL respectively, p=0.014).Conclusion. SLE patients with renal manifestation have significantly lower levels of serum C3 and C4 and a higher level of serum anti-dsDNA than SLE patients with non-renal manifestations."

"Autism spectrum disorder ASD adalah gangguan neurologis yang menghambat kemampuan komunikasi sosial. Pada individu dengan ASD, mereka mengalami hambatan kognitif sehingga kesulitan dalam mengelola informasi yang ditangkap dari lingkungan, hambatan dalam tata bahasa syntax dan pemahaman bahasa semantic, serta rendah dalam theory of mind. Kondisi ini lebih parah ketika ASD komorbid dengan intellectual disability ID.Pelatihan sentential complements diketahui dapat meningkatkan kemampuan bahasa dan theory of mind yang penting dalam proses komunikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat efektivitas Pelatihan sentential complements terhadap peningkatan kemampuan bahasa dan theory of mind pada anak dengan ASD komorbid dengan ID.Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah single-subject. Data diperoleh dari hasil inspeksi visual pada grafik hasil tugas sentential complements dan tugas false belief serta perbandingan hasil pre-post tes pada alat ukur Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale ranah komunikasi.Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan pada kemampuan syntax dan semantic sebesar 87.5 dan peningkatan ini stabil selama periode pelatihan. Kemampuan komunikasi reseptif dan ekspresif juga meningkat sebesar 12 dan 16.5. Di samping itu, terdapat peningkatan pada kemampuan theory of mind sebesar 52, namun tidak stabil selama periode pelatihan.Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelatihan sentential complements mampu meningkatkan kemampuan bahasa pada anak dengan ASD komorbid dengan ID. Adapun peningkatkan kemampuan theory of mind yang belum stabil membutuhkan tidak hanya pengembangan kemampuan bahasa, tapi juga kemampuan lainnya yang berkaitan dengan theory of mind, seperti kemampuan kognitif, sosial, dan emosional.

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Autism spectrum disorder ASD is a neurological disorder that inhibits social communication skills. Individual with ASD experience cognitive disruption resulting difficulties in managing information captured from the environment, language grammatical syntax and language comprehension semantic, and low in theory of mind. This condition is more severe when ASD is comorbid with intellectual disability ID.Sentential complements training is known to improve language skills and theory of mind that are important in the communication process. This study aims to see the effectiveness of sentential complements training on enhancing language skills and theory of mind in a child with ASD comorbid with ID.This study is single subject A B B1 B2 design. Data were obtained from visual inspection result of sentential complements task graph and false belief task graph and than comparison between pre post test of Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale communication domain.The results show that there is an increase in syntax and semantic skills score of 87.5 and this increasing is stable over training period. Receptive and expressive communication skills are increasing in 12 and 16.5 . Besides that, there is an 52 of increas in theory of mind skills score, but this increasing was not stable over training periods.It conclud that sentential complements training can improve language skills in child with ASD comorbid with ID. The unstable increasing in theory of mind requires not only language skills, but also other abilities related to theory of mind, such as cognitive, social, and emotional abilities."